Yamaşev Xösäyen Minhacetdin ulı (pronounced in Tatar;

Cyrillic , bg, кирилица , mk, кирилица , russian: кириллица , sr, ћирилица, uk, кирилиця , fam1 = Egyptian hieroglyphs , fam2 = Proto-Sinaitic , fam3 = Phoenician , fam4 = G ...

: Ямашев Хөсәен Минһаҗетдин улы; russian: Яма́шев Хусаи́н Мингазетди́нович; transl. Yamashev Khusain Mingazetdinovich, 1882–1912) was a Tatar social democrat revolutionary and publicist. In the Soviet Tatarstan he was known as "The First Tatar

Bolshevik The Bolsheviks (russian: Большевики́, from большинство́ ''bol'shinstvó'', 'majority'),; derived from ''bol'shinstvó'' (большинство́), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority". also known in English ...

". Xösäyen Yamaşev was born in

Kazan Kazan ( ; rus, Казань, p=kɐˈzanʲ; tt-Cyrl, Казан, ''Qazan'', IPA: ɑzan is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Tatarstan in Russia. The city lies at the confluence of the Volga and the Kazanka rivers, covering a ...

, in the family of affluent merchant. He studied in prestigious '' Märcaniä'' and ''

Möxämmädiä Möxämmädiä ( tt-Cyrl, Мөхәммәдия, , ) was a madrasa in Kazan that was attached to . Brief history It was created in 1882 by Ğalimcan Barudi with the assistance of Zäynulla Räsülef and received its name in honour of Möxämmätc ...

'' madrassas in 1890-1893 and 1893-1897 correspondingly and in Tatar Teachers' School in 1897-1902. There he adopted the

Marxist Marxism is a Left-wing politics, left-wing to Far-left politics, far-left method of socioeconomic analysis that uses a Materialism, materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to understand S ...

ideas. After entering Kazan State University he routinely visit the Marxist circle. Yamaşev entered the

Russian Social Democratic Labour Party The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP; in , ''Rossiyskaya sotsial-demokraticheskaya rabochaya partiya (RSDRP)''), also known as the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party or the Russian Social Democratic Party, was a socialist pol ...

in 1903, in 1905 becoming a member of

committee of the party. During

1905 Revolution The Russian Revolution of 1905,. also known as the First Russian Revolution,. occurred on 22 January 1905, and was a wave of mass political and social unrest that spread through vast areas of the Russian Empire. The mass unrest was directed again ...

he prepared an armed revolt, organized workers' Marxist circles. Xösäyen Yamaşev managed the translation of the Marxist literature into the

Tatar language Tatar ( or ) is a Turkic languages, Turkic language spoken by Volga Tatars, Tatars mainly located in modern Tatarstan (European Russia), as well as Siberia. It should not be confused with Crimean Tatar language, Crimean Tatar or Siberian Tat ...

. His brochures "Ürmäküç häm çeben" ("The Spider and the Fly"), "Berençe adım" ("The First Step") and many others, as well as leaflets, were printed in the cellar of his revolutionary friend Dulat Ali. In January 1907 Yamaşev established the first legal Tatar Bolshevist gazette ''Ural'' in

Orenburg Orenburg (russian: Оренбу́рг, ), formerly known as Chkalov (1938–1957), is the administrative center of Orenburg Oblast, Russia. It lies on the Ural River, southeast of Moscow. Orenburg is also very close to the Kazakhstan-Russia bor ...

, an organ of RSDLP Ural and Ufa Committee. Its official chief editor was Xösäyen's wife Xädiçä Yamaşeva. In May 1907 the ''Ural'' was prohibited and Yamaşev had returned to Kazan. Since summer of 1907 he lived in Kazan, often changing residence on an effort of conspiracy. К. Амиров. ''Казань: Где эта улица, где этот дом?'' Kazan, 1995 Yamaşev died in 1912 because of a cerebral hemorrhage, five years before the

Bolshevik Revolution The October Revolution,. officially known as the Great October Socialist Revolution. in the Soviet Union, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolsheviks, Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was ...

. He was buried on Yaña-Tatar cemetery. In 1971 Xösäyen Yamaşev Prize was established in Tatarstan for journalists.

References and notes

1882 births 1912 deaths History of Tatarstan Jadids Old Bolsheviks Politicians from Kazan Russian Social Democratic Labour Party members Russian communists Russian Marxists Tatar revolutionaries Tatar writers Translators from Russian Translators to Tatar 20th-century translators 19th-century translators Muslim socialists {{russia-writer-stub tt:Xösäyen Yamaşev