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''Xenodon pulcher'' (common names: tricolor hognose snake or banded hognose snake) is a species of
fossorial A fossorial () animal is one adapted to digging which lives primarily, but not solely, underground. Some examples are badgers, naked mole-rats, clams, meerkats, and mole salamanders, as well as many beetles, wasps, and bees. Prehistoric eviden ...
snake in the family
Colubridae Colubridae (, commonly known as colubrids , from la, coluber, 'snake') is a family of snakes. With 249 genera, it is the largest snake family. The earliest species of the family date back to the Oligocene epoch. Colubrid snakes are found on ever ...
. It is found in southern
South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the southe ...
.


Taxonomy

''Xenodon pulcher'' was sometimes previously described as ''Lystrophis pulcher''. This genus describes the South American hognose snakes, which while similar in appearance to North American (''Heterodon'') and Madagascan (''Leioheterodon'') hognoses, are not closely related. This snake's common names include tricolor hognose snake, banded hognose snake, culebra falsa, and false coral snake. It is sometimes incorrectly called ringed hognose snake, the common name for ''Xenodon semicinctus.'' Both ''X. pulcher'' and ''X. semicinctus'' are similar in appearance, which may be the cause of naming confusion.


Description

This snake is distinguishable by its namesake upturned rostral scale and striking banded pattern of white stripes bordered with black on a red base. They use mimicry for defense, as they display the same colors and patterns as some venomous coral snakes. When threatened, it may use a defensive display involving bluff strikes, neck flattening, and spastic movements similar to coral snakes. While these snakes possess a relatively stocky body shape similar to ''Heterodon'', they are usually somewhat smaller and slimmer. Female snakes grow up to 24 inches, while males stay smaller at 18-20 inches. Both have a lifespan of 7-8 years, considerably shorter than most hognose snakes. ''Xenodon pulcher'' are rear-fanged venomous like members of ''Heterodon''. While the latter have extremely mild venom that only causes minor pain and swelling in humans, som
anecdotal
evidence shows ''X. pulcher'' venom may be slightly more toxic.


Range

X. pulcher is primarily found in the Chaco bioregion, extending through Bolivia, Paraguay, and northern Argentina. Their range may extend into Chile and parts of southwestern Brazil. This region is a dry, sandy environment on the eastern foothills of the Andes, characterized by dry scrubland, grasslands, and savannahs. They are typically found near streams, as their diet consists mainly of amphibians (similar to other hognose snakes).


References

* Reptiles described in 1863 Colubrids Reptiles of South America {{Colubrid-stub