''Xanthocarpia'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

of mostly

crustose lichen Crustose lichens are lichens that form a crust which strongly adheres to the Substrate (biology), substrate (soil, rock, tree bark, etc.), making separation from the substrate impossible without destruction. The basic structure of crustose lichen ...

s in the family

Teloschistaceae The Teloschistaceae are a large family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. The family, estimated to contain over 1800 species, was extensively revised in 2013, including the creation o ...

. It has 12 species with a largely Northern Hemisphere distribution.

Taxonomy

The genus was originally

circumscribed In geometry, the circumscribed circle or circumcircle of a polygon is a circle that passes through all the vertices of the polygon. The center of this circle is called the circumcenter and its radius is called the circumradius. Not every polyg ...

in 1859 by

Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo (13 May 1824 – 25 May 1860) was an Italian paleobotanist and lichenologist. He was born in Tregnago in the Province of Verona and took a great interest in botany as a young man. Massalongo joined the faculty of med ...

and

Giuseppe De Notaris Giuseppe De Notaris (18 April 1805, Milan – 22 January 1877) was an Italian botanist generally known for his work with cryptogams native to Italy. He studied medicine at the University of Pavia, obtaining his medical degree in 1830. Having deve ...

, with ''

Xanthocarpia ochracea ''Xanthocarpia'' is a genus of mostly crustose lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. It has 12 species with a largely Northern Hemisphere distribution. Taxonomy The genus was originally circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed in 1859 by Abra ...

'' as the

type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ...

. This species has tetralocular

ascospore An ascus (; ) is the sexual spore-bearing cell produced in ascomycete fungi. Each ascus usually contains eight ascospores (or octad), produced by meiosis followed, in most species, by a mitotic cell division. However, asci in some genera or s ...

s (i.e. divided into 4 chambers).

Description

''Xanthocarpia'' has a

thallus Thallus (plural: thalli), from Latinized Greek (), meaning "a green shoot" or "twig", is the vegetative tissue of some organisms in diverse groups such as algae, fungi, some liverworts, lichens, and the Myxogastria. Many of these organisms wer ...

that is either crust-like (

crustose Crustose is a habit of some types of algae and lichens in which the organism grows tightly appressed to a substrate, forming a biological layer. ''Crustose'' adheres very closely to the substrates at all points. ''Crustose'' is found on rocks and ...

) or like a shield or plate attached on the lower surface at a single central point (peltate). In some cases, the thallus is absent; in all cases, a cortex is absent. The lichen contains anthraquinones compounds. ''Xanthocarpia'' species often have apothecia, which are coloured yellow to orange. These apothecia are zeorine, meaning that the proper exciple (the ring-shaped layer surrounding the

hymenium The hymenium is the tissue layer on the hymenophore of a fungal fruiting body where the cells develop into basidia or asci, which produce spores. In some species all of the cells of the hymenium develop into basidia or asci, while in others some ...

) is enclosed in the thalline exciple. Pycnidia can be present or absent; the

conidia A conidium ( ; ), sometimes termed an asexual chlamydospore or chlamydoconidium (), is an asexual, non-motile spore of a fungus. The word ''conidium'' comes from the Ancient Greek word for dust, ('). They are also called mitospores due to the ...

have a

bacilliform A bacillus (), also called a bacilliform bacterium or often just a rod (when the context makes the sense clear), is a rod-shaped bacterium or archaeon. Bacilli are found in many different taxonomic groups of bacteria. However, the name ''Bacillu ...

to narrowly

ellipsoid An ellipsoid is a surface that may be obtained from a sphere by deforming it by means of directional scalings, or more generally, of an affine transformation. An ellipsoid is a quadric surface; that is, a surface that may be defined as the ...

shape.

Species

Most ''Flavoplaca'' species occur in the Northern Hemisphere. Several are found in southeastern Europe, with a collective distribution extending from the Mediterranean to the Arctic. , Species Fungorum accepts 12 species of ''Xanthocarpia'': Xanthocarpia feracissima 111755755

*'' Xanthocarpia aquensis'' *''

Xanthocarpia borysthenica ''Xanthocarpia'' is a genus of mostly crustose lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. It has 12 species with a largely Northern Hemisphere distribution. Taxonomy The genus was originally circumscribed in 1859 by Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo an ...

'' *''

Xanthocarpia crenulatella ''Xanthocarpia crenulatella'' is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Taxonomy The species was first formally described by William Nylander in 1886, as a member of genus ''Lecanora''. Henr ...

'' *''

Xanthocarpia diffusa ''Xanthocarpia'' is a genus of mostly crustose lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. It has 12 species with a largely Northern Hemisphere distribution. Taxonomy The genus was originally circumscribed in 1859 by Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo an ...

'' *''

Xanthocarpia epigaea ''Xanthocarpia'' is a genus of mostly crustose lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. It has 12 species with a largely Northern Hemisphere distribution. Taxonomy The genus was originally circumscribed in 1859 by Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo an ...

'' *''

Xanthocarpia erichansenii ''Xanthocarpia erichansenii'' is a species of terricolous (ground-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in southwest Greenland, where it grows on loess (a type of soil) among mosses. Taxonomy The lichen was fir ...

'' *''

Xanthocarpia feracissima ''Xanthocarpia feracissima'' is a species of saxicolous, crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It was first formally described as a new species in 1953 by Swedish lichenologist Adolf Hugo Magnusson, as a member of the genus ''Calopla ...

'' *''

Xanthocarpia ferrarii ''Xanthocarpia'' is a genus of mostly crustose lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. It has 12 species with a largely Northern Hemisphere distribution. Taxonomy The genus was originally circumscribed in 1859 by Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo an ...

'' *''

Xanthocarpia interfulgens ''Xanthocarpia'' is a genus of mostly crustose lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. It has 12 species with a largely Northern Hemisphere distribution. Taxonomy The genus was originally circumscribed in 1859 by Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo an ...

'' *'' Xanthocarpia jerramungupensis'' *'' Xanthocarpia marmorata'' *'' Xanthocarpia tominii''

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q27440394 Teloschistales Teloschistales genera Taxa described in 1853 Taxa named by Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo Taxa named by Giuseppe De Notaris Lichen genera