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Hajji Tarkhan or Hajji Tarkhan al Jedid ( tt-Cyrl, Хаҗитархан, translit=Xacitarxan), also known as Hashtar Khan / Astarxan ( tt-Latn, Astarxan) or Astrakhan,in Persian sources: حاجیترخان Haji-Tarkhan; Russian sources: Астрахань Astrakhan' was a medieval city at the right bank of
Hajji Tarkhan or Hajji Tarkhan al Jedid ( tt-Cyrl, Хаҗитархан, translit=Xacitarxan), also known as Hashtar Khan / Astarxan ( tt-Latn, Astarxan) or Astrakhan,in Persian sources: حاجیترخان Haji-Tarkhan; Russian sources: Астрахань Astrakhan' was a medieval city at the right bank of Volga
The Volga (; russian: Во́лга, a=Ru-Волга.ogg, p=ˈvoɫɡə) is the List of rivers of Europe#Rivers of Europe by length, longest river in Europe. Situated in Russia, it flows through Central Russia to Southern Russia and into the Cas ...
, situated approximately 12 km north of the modern city of Astrakhan
Astrakhan ( rus, Астрахань, p=ˈastrəxənʲ) is the largest city and administrative centre of Astrakhan Oblast in Southern Russia. The city lies on two banks of the Volga, in the upper part of the Volga Delta, on eleven islands of the ...
. The first mention of the town was recorded in 1333. In the 13th and 14th centuries, it was one of the main trade and political centres of the Golden Horde
The Golden Horde, self-designated as Ulug Ulus, 'Great State' in Turkic, was originally a Mongols, Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century and originating as the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire. With the fr ...
. In 1395, the city was sacked by Timur
Timur ; chg, ''Aqsaq Temür'', 'Timur the Lame') or as ''Sahib-i-Qiran'' ( 'Lord of the Auspicious Conjunction'), his epithet. ( chg, ''Temür'', 'Iron'; 9 April 133617–19 February 1405), later Timūr Gurkānī ( chg, ''Temür Kür ...
. Astrakhan was rebuilt afterwards and became the capital of the Khanate of Astrakhan
The Khanate of Astrakhan, also referred to as the Xacitarxan Khanate, was a Tatar state that arose during the break-up of the Golden Horde. The Khanate existed in the 15th and 16th centuries in the area adjacent to the mouth of the Volga river, a ...
in 1459. In 1547, the city was seized by the Crimean
Crimea, crh, Къырым, Qırım, grc, Κιμμερία / Ταυρική, translit=Kimmería / Taurikḗ ( ) is a peninsula in Ukraine, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, that has been occupied by Russia since 2014. It has a pop ...
khan Sahib I Giray
Sahib I Giray (1501–1551) was Khan of Kazan for three years and Khan of Crimea for nineteen years. His father was the Crimean Khan Meñli I Giray. Sahib was placed on the throne of Kazan by his ambitious brother Mehmed of Crimea and driven ou ...
. In 1556, Astrakhan was besieged and burned by Ivan the Terrible
Ivan IV Vasilyevich (russian: Ива́н Васи́льевич; 25 August 1530 – ), commonly known in English as Ivan the Terrible, was the grand prince of Moscow from 1533 to 1547 and the first Tsar of all Russia from 1547 to 1584.
Ivan ...
.
See also
*Saqsin
Saqsin (a.k.a. Saksin, Saksin-Bolgar) was a medieval city that flourished from the eleventh to the thirteenth centuries. It was situated in the Volga Delta (modern-day Astrakhan Oblast), or in the Lower Volga region, and was known in pre-Mongol t ...
*Atil
Atil (also Itil) , was the capital of the Khazar Khaganate from the middle of the 8th century until the end of the 10th century.
Known to have been situated on the Silk Road in the vicinity of the Caspian Sea, its precise location has long bee ...
Astrakhan was fought over in 1917-1922 and bombed in 1942.
Footnotes
References
* Destroyed cities Golden Horde Astrakhan Khanate Defunct towns in Russia Populated places on the Volga Former populated places in Russia {{Russia-hist-stub