Hajji Tarkhan or Hajji Tarkhan al Jedid ( tt-Cyrl, Хаҗитархан, translit=Xacitarxan), also known as Hashtar Khan / Astarxan ( tt-Latn, Astarxan) or Astrakhan,
[in Persian sources: حاجیترخان Haji-Tarkhan; Russian sources: Астрахань Astrakhan'] was a medieval city at the right bank of
Volga
The Volga (; russian: Во́лга, a=Ru-Волга.ogg, p=ˈvoɫɡə) is the longest river in Europe. Situated in Russia, it flows through Central Russia to Southern Russia and into the Caspian Sea. The Volga has a length of , and a catchm ...
, situated approximately 12 km north of the modern city of
Astrakhan
Astrakhan ( rus, Астрахань, p=ˈastrəxənʲ) is the largest city and administrative centre of Astrakhan Oblast in Southern Russia. The city lies on two banks of the Volga, in the upper part of the Volga Delta, on eleven islands of ...
. The first mention of the town was recorded in 1333. In the 13th and 14th centuries, it was one of the main trade and political centres of the
Golden Horde
The Golden Horde, self-designated as Ulug Ulus, 'Great State' in Turkic, was originally a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century and originating as the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire. With the fragment ...
. In 1395, the city was sacked by
Timur
Timur ; chg, ''Aqsaq Temür'', 'Timur the Lame') or as ''Sahib-i-Qiran'' ( 'Lord of the Auspicious Conjunction'), his epithet. ( chg, ''Temür'', 'Iron'; 9 April 133617–19 February 1405), later Timūr Gurkānī ( chg, ''Temür Kür ...
. Astrakhan was rebuilt afterwards and became the capital of the
Khanate of Astrakhan in 1459. In 1547, the city was seized by the
Crimean khan
Khan may refer to:
*Khan (inn), from Persian, a caravanserai or resting-place for a travelling caravan
*Khan (surname), including a list of people with the name
*Khan (title), a royal title for a ruler in Mongol and Turkic languages and used by ...
Sahib I Giray. In 1556, Astrakhan was besieged and burned by
Ivan the Terrible
Ivan IV Vasilyevich (russian: Ива́н Васи́льевич; 25 August 1530 – ), commonly known in English as Ivan the Terrible, was the grand prince of Moscow from 1533 to 1547 and the first Tsar of all Russia from 1547 to 1584.
Iv ...
.
See also
*
Saqsin
*
Atil
Atil (also Itil) , was the capital of the Khazar Khaganate from the middle of the 8th century until the end of the 10th century.
Known to have been situated on the Silk Road in the vicinity of the Caspian Sea, its precise location has long bee ...
Astrakhan was fought over in 1917-1922 and bombed in 1942.
Footnotes
References
*
Destroyed cities
Golden Horde
Astrakhan Khanate
Defunct towns in Russia
Populated places on the Volga
Former populated places in Russia
{{Russia-hist-stub