The XL Ranch is an Indian reservation located in

Modoc County Modoc County () is a county in the far northeast corner of the U.S. state of California. Its population is 8,700 as of the 2020 census, down from 9,686 from the 2010 census. This makes it California's third-least populous county. The county seat ...

, north of

Burney, California Burney is an unincorporated community, unincorporated town and census-designated place (CDP) in Shasta County, California, Shasta County, California, United States. Its population is 3,000 as of the 2020 census, down from 3,154 from the 2010 censu ...

."California Indians and Their Reservations."
''San Diego State University Library and Information Access.'' 2009 (retrieved 15 Dec 2009) It is home to the Hewisedawi band of the

Pit River Tribe The Pit River Tribe is a federally recognized tribe of eleven bands of indigenous peoples of California. They primarily live along the Pit River in the northeast corner of California.federally recognized tribe This is a list of federally recognized tribes in the contiguous United States of America. There are also federally recognized Alaska Native tribes. , 574 Indian tribes were legally recognized by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) of the United ...

, which includes 9 bands of

Achomawi Achomawi (also Achumawi, Ajumawi and Ahjumawi), are the northerly nine (out of eleven) bands of the Pit River tribe of Palaihnihan Native Americans who live in what is now northeastern California in the United States. These 5 autonomous ban ...

IndiansPritzker, 177 and 2 bands of

Atsugewi The Atsugewi are Native Americans residing in northeastern California, United States. Their traditional lands are near Mount Shasta, specifically the Pit River drainage on Burney, Hat, and Dixie Valley or Horse Creeks. They are closely related ...

Indians. The XL Ranch is sometimes known as XL Rancheria, XL Ranch Indian Reservation, or X-L Ranch Reservation. The reservation was established in 1938 and is . Approximately 40 tribal members live on the reservation.

Language

The band traditionally spoke the Achumawi and

languages, which are closely related. They are part of the

Palaihnihan Palaihnihan (also Palaihnih) is a language family of northeastern California. It consists of two closely related languages, both now extinct: # Atsugewi ''(†)'' # Achumawi ''(†)'' (ís siwa wó disi, also known as Achomawi, Pit River Indian ...

branch of the

Hokan language family The Hokan language family is a hypothetical grouping of a dozen small language families that were spoken mainly in California, Arizona and Baja California. Etymology The name ''Hokan'' is loosely based on the word for "two" in the various Hokan ...

. Some members of XL Ranch speak the

Northern Paiute language Northern Paiute , endonym Numu, also known as Paviotso, is a Western Numic language of the Uto-Aztecan family, which according to Marianne Mithun had around 500 fluent speakers in 1994. ''Ethnologue'' reported the number of speakers in 1999 as 1 ...

, a

Western Numic Numic is a branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family. It includes seven languages spoken by Native American peoples traditionally living in the Great Basin, Colorado River basin, Snake River basin, and southern Great Plains. The word Numic ...

language of the

Uto-Aztecan language family Uto-Aztecan, Uto-Aztekan or (rarely in English) Uto-Nahuatl is a family of indigenous languages of the Americas, consisting of over thirty languages. Uto-Aztecan languages are found almost entirely in the Western United States and Mexico. The na ...

Today

The Pit River Indian Tribe is headquartered in

. Tribal members often find employment in logging and hay ranching. In 2015, federal agents busted a large marijuana grow. The grow had been started in partnership with a Canadian company, but was disputed between the two direct descendants of the Pit River tribe, siblings Phillip Del Rosa and Wendy Del Rosa.

Notes

References

* Pritzker, Barry M. ''A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples.'' Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. . {{authority control Pit River tribes American Indian reservations in California Geography of Modoc County, California Native American tribes in California Federally recognized tribes in the United States 1938 establishments in California