X-ray notation is a method of labeling
atomic orbitals
In atomic theory and quantum mechanics, an atomic orbital is a function describing the location and wave-like behavior of an electron in an atom. This function can be used to calculate the probability of finding any electron of an atom in any spe ...
that grew out of
X-ray
An X-ray, or, much less commonly, X-radiation, is a penetrating form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation. Most X-rays have a wavelength ranging from 10 picometers to 10 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30&nb ...
science. Also known as IUPAC notation, it was adopted by the
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC ) is an international federation of National Adhering Organizations working for the advancement of the chemical sciences, especially by developing nomenclature and terminology. It is ...
in 1991 as a simplification of the older
Siegbahn notation The Siegbahn notation is used in X-ray spectroscopy to name the spectral lines that are characteristic to elements. It was introduced by Manne Siegbahn.
The characteristic lines in X-ray emission spectra correspond to atomic electronic transiti ...
.
In X-ray notation, every principal quantum number is given a letter associated with it. In many areas of physics and chemistry, atomic orbitals are described with
spectroscopic notation
Spectroscopic notation provides a way to specify atomic ionization states, atomic orbitals, and molecular orbitals.
Ionization states
Spectroscopists customarily refer to the spectrum arising from a given ionization state of a given element by ...
(1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, etc.), but the more traditional X-ray notation is still used with most X-ray spectroscopy techniques including
AES and
XPS.
Conversion
Uses
*X-ray sources are classified by the type of material and orbital used to generate them. For example, Cu
Kα X-rays are emitted from the K orbital of copper.
*X-ray
absorption
Absorption may refer to:
Chemistry and biology
* Absorption (biology), digestion
**Absorption (small intestine)
*Absorption (chemistry), diffusion of particles of gas or liquid into liquid or solid materials
*Absorption (skin), a route by which ...
is reported as which orbital absorbed the x-ray photon. In
EXAFS
Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy ( XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray ...
and
XMCD the L-edge or the L absorption edge is the point where the L orbital begins to absorb x-rays.
*
Auger
Auger may refer to:
Engineering
* Wood auger, a drill for making holes in wood (or in the ground)
** Auger bit, a drill bit
* Auger conveyor, a device for moving material by means of a rotating helical flighting
* Auger (platform), the world's f ...
peaks are identified with three orbital definitions, for example KL
1L
2. In this case, K represents the hole that is initially present at the core level, L
1 the initial state of the electron that relaxes down into the core level hole, and L
2 the initial energy state of the emitted electron.
See also
*
Siegbahn notation The Siegbahn notation is used in X-ray spectroscopy to name the spectral lines that are characteristic to elements. It was introduced by Manne Siegbahn.
The characteristic lines in X-ray emission spectra correspond to atomic electronic transiti ...
for the names of
spectral lines
A spectral line is a dark or bright line in an otherwise uniform and continuous spectrum, resulting from emission or absorption of light in a narrow frequency range, compared with the nearby frequencies. Spectral lines are often used to iden ...
used in
X-ray spectroscopy
X-ray spectroscopy is a general term for several spectroscopic techniques for characterization of materials by using x-ray radiation.
Characteristic X-ray spectroscopy
When an electron from the inner shell of an atom is excited by the energy o ...
*
Spectroscopic notation
Spectroscopic notation provides a way to specify atomic ionization states, atomic orbitals, and molecular orbitals.
Ionization states
Spectroscopists customarily refer to the spectrum arising from a given ionization state of a given element by ...
*
Term symbol notation
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:X-Ray Notation
Atomic physics
X-ray spectroscopy