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Joan Delano Aiken (4 September 1924 – 4 January 2004) was an
English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ide ...
writer specialising in supernatural fiction and
children's A child ( : children) is a human being between the stages of birth and puberty, or between the developmental period of infancy and puberty. The legal definition of ''child'' generally refers to a minor, otherwise known as a person young ...
alternative history Alternate history (also alternative history, althist, AH) is a genre of speculative fiction of stories in which one or more historical events occur and are resolved differently than in real life. As conjecture based upon historical fact, alte ...
novels. In 1999 she was awarded an MBE for her services to children's literature. For ''The Whispering Mountain'', published by Jonathan Cape in 1968, she won the
Guardian Children's Fiction Prize The Guardian Children's Fiction Prize or Guardian Award was a literary award that annual recognised one fiction book written for children or young adults (at least age eight) and published in the United Kingdom. It was conferred upon the author ...
, a book award judged by a panel of British children's writers, and she was a commended runner-up for the Carnegie Medal from the Library Association, recognising the year's best children's book by a British writer. She won an
Edgar Allan Poe Award The Edgar Allan Poe Awards, popularly called the Edgars, are presented every year by the Mystery Writers of America, based in New York City. Named after American writer Edgar Allan Poe (1809–1849), a pioneer in the genre, the awards honor the bes ...
(1972) for ''Night Fall''.


Biography

Aiken was born in Mermaid Street in Rye, Sussex, on 4 September 1924. Her father was the American Pulitzer Prize-winning poet
Conrad Aiken Conrad Potter Aiken (August 5, 1889 – August 17, 1973) was an American writer and poet, honored with a Pulitzer Prize and a National Book Award, and was United States Poet Laureate from 1950 to 1952. His published works include poetry, short ...
(1889–1973). Her older brother was the writer and research chemist John Aiken (1913–1990), and her older sister was the writer
Jane Aiken Hodge Jane Aiken Hodge (December 4, 1917 – June 17, 2009) was an American-born British writer. Life Born near Cambridge, Massachusetts, the second child of Pulitzer prize-winning poet Conrad Aiken and his first wife, the writer Jessie McDonald. Jan ...
(1917–2009). Their mother, Canadian-born Jessie MacDonald (1889–1970), was a Master's graduate from Radcliffe College,
Cambridge, Massachusetts Cambridge ( ) is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. As part of the Boston metropolitan area, the cities population of the 2020 U.S. census was 118,403, making it the fourth most populous city in the state, behind Boston ...
. Jessie and Conrad's marriage was dissolved in 1929, and Jessie married the English writer Martin Armstrong in 1930. Conrad Aiken went on to marry twice more. Together with her brother John and her sister Jane, Joan Aiken wrote ''Conrad Aiken Remembered'' (1989), a short appreciation of their father. Aiken was taught at home by her mother until the age of twelve and from 1936 to 1940 at
Wychwood School Wychwood School is an independent school for girls aged 11–18, located in Oxford, Oxfordshire, England. The school is a member of the Girls' Schools Association and is a registered charity. The school is located on the southern corner of Bard ...
for girls in
North Oxford North Oxford is a suburban part of the city of Oxford in England. It was owned for many centuries largely by St John's College, Oxford and many of the area's Victorian houses were initially sold on leasehold by the College. Overview The le ...
. She did not attend university. Writing stories from an early age, she finished her first full-length novel when she was sixteen and had her first short story for adults accepted for publication when she was seventeen. In 1941 her first children's story was broadcast on the
BBC #REDIRECT BBC #REDIRECT BBC Here i going to introduce about the best teacher of my life b BALAJI sir. He is the precious gift that I got befor 2yrs . How has helped and thought all the concept and made my success in the 10th board exam. ...
...
's '' Children's Hour''. Aiken worked for the
United Nations Information Centre United Nations Information Centres (UNIC) is an organization which was established in 1946. Its headquarters is situated at New York, USA, and it currently works worldwide in 63 countries. These centres are managed by the United Nations to exchan ...
(UNIC) in London between 1943 and 1949. In September 1945 she married Ronald George Brown, a journalist who was also working at UNIC. They had two children before he died in 1955. After her husband's death, Aiken joined the magazine '' Argosy'', where she worked in various editorial capacities and, she later said, learned her trade as a writer. The magazine was one of many in which she published short stories between 1955 and 1960. During this time she also published her first two collections of children's stories and began work on a children's novel, initially titled ''Bonnie Green'', which was later published in 1962 as ''
The Wolves of Willoughby Chase ''The Wolves of Willoughby Chase'' is a children's novel by Joan Aiken, first published in 1962. Set in an alternative history of England, it tells of the adventures of cousins Bonnie and Sylvia and their friend Simon the goose-boy as they thw ...
''. By then she was able to write full-time from home, producing two or three books a year for the rest of her life, mainly children's books and thrillers, as well as many articles, introductions and talks on children's literature and on the work of Jane Austen.


Personal life and death

Aiken married, secondly, to the New York landscape painter and teacher Julius Goldstein (died 2001) in 1976. They divided their time between her home (the Hermitage in Petworth, Sussex) and his native New York. In September 1999, she was made a
Member of the Order of the British Empire The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British order of chivalry, rewarding contributions to the arts and sciences, work with charitable and welfare organisations, and public service outside the civil service. It was established o ...
. Aiken died at home at the age of 79 in 2004. She was survived by her two children.


Writings

Aiken produced more than 100 books, including more than a dozen collections of fantasy stories, plays and poems, and modern and historical novels for adults and children. She was a lifelong fan of
ghost stories A ghost story is any piece of fiction, or drama, that includes a ghost, or simply takes as a premise the possibility of ghosts or characters' belief in them."Ghost Stories" in Margaret Drabble (ed.), ''Oxford Companion to English Literature''. ...
, particularly those of
M. R. James Montague Rhodes James (1 August 1862 – 12 June 1936) was an English author, medievalist scholar and provost of King's College, Cambridge (1905–1918), and of Eton College (1918–1936). He was Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambrid ...
, Fitz James O'Brien and
Nugent Barker Nugent Barker (1888–1955) was an Irish writer. Little is known about him, but he is thought to have come from an old Irish family, the Nugents of County Westmeath. He is remembered for the evocative ghost story "Whessoe", and the grimly humorous ...
. As well as writing under her own name, she used the pen name Nicholas Dee for several short stories. Some of her books focus on spine-chilling or supernatural events, including ''The Windscreen Weepers'' (stories, 1969), ''The Shadow Guests'' (novel, 1980), ''A Whisper in the Night'' (stories, 1982), and ''A Creepy Company'' (stories, 1993, with variant contents in its US and UK editions). She set her adult supernatural novel ''The Haunting of Lamb House'' at
Lamb House Lamb House is a Grade II* listed 18th-century house situated in Rye, East Sussex, England, and in the ownership of the National Trust. The house is run as a writer's house museum. It has been the home of many writers, including Henry James ...
in Rye (now a
National Trust The National Trust, formally the National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty, is a charity and membership organisation for heritage conservation in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. In Scotland, there is a separate and ...
property). This ghost story recounts in fictional form an alleged haunting experienced by two former residents of the house,
Henry James Henry James ( – ) was an American-British author. He is regarded as a key transitional figure between literary realism and literary modernism, and is considered by many to be among the greatest novelists in the English language. He was the ...
and E. F. Benson, both of whom also wrote ghost stories. Many of Aiken's most popular books, including the Wolves Chronicles (also known as ''
The Wolves of Willoughby Chase ''The Wolves of Willoughby Chase'' is a children's novel by Joan Aiken, first published in 1962. Set in an alternative history of England, it tells of the adventures of cousins Bonnie and Sylvia and their friend Simon the goose-boy as they thw ...
'' series or the James III series), are set in an elaborate alternative history of Britain in which James II was never deposed in the Glorious Revolution, but supporters of the
House of Hanover The House of Hanover (german: Haus Hannover), whose members are known as Hanoverians, is a European royal house of German origin that ruled Hanover, Great Britain, and Ireland at various times during the 17th to 20th centuries. The house or ...
continually agitate against the monarchy. These books also toy with the geography of London, adding a Canal District among other features. Wolves have invaded the country from Europe via the newly built Channel Tunnel. The novels share a varying cast and a variety of interlinked child protagonists—initially Bonnie Green, but subsequently her itinerant friend Simon, Simon's intrepid Cockney friend Dido Twite (the heroine of most of the books), Dido's half-sister Is and Owen Hughes (son of Dido's Royal Navy ally Captain Hughes). In a review of ''Midwinter Nightingale'' for the ''
School Library Journal ''School Library Journal'' (''SLJ'') is an American monthly magazine containing reviews and other articles for school librarians, media specialists, and public librarians who work with young people. Articles cover a wide variety of topics, with ...
'', Susan Patron praised the characterisations and the suspenseful plot and noted that "although the titles in the 'Wolves' series may be read independently", readers may want to read the earlier books first. Aiken's series of children's books about Arabel and Mortimer were illustrated by
Quentin Blake Sir Quentin Saxby Blake, (born 16 December 1932) is an English cartoonist, caricaturist, illustrator and children's writer. He has illustrated over 300 books, including 18 written by Roald Dahl, which are among his most popular works. For his ...
. Others were illustrated by
Jan Pieńkowski Jan Michał Pieńkowski (8 August 1936 – 19 February 2022) was a Polish-born British author of children's books—as illustrator, as writer, and as designer of movable books. He is best known for illustrating the ''Meg and Mog'' picture book ...
and Pat Marriott. Pieńkowski won the foremost British award for children's book illustration, the
Greenaway Medal The Kate Greenaway Medal is a British literary award that annually recognises "distinguished illustration in a children's literature, book for children". It is conferred upon the illustrator by the Chartered Institute of Library and Information ...
, for ''The Kingdom Under the Sea and Other Stories'' (Jonathan Cape, 1971), a collection of "unique fairy tales from Eastern Europe and Russia" retold by Aiken. She participated in the Puffin Book Club's annual Children's Literature Summer Camp, run by Colony Holidays, predecessor to
ATE Superweeks Active Training and Education (a.k.a. ATE Superweeks) is a not-for-profit, educational charity which provides residential holidays to children of a school age within the United Kingdom. These holidays are called Superweeks. ATE seeks to contribu ...
, along with other popular children's authors such as
Ian Serraillier Ian Serraillier (24 September 1912 – 28 November 1994) was an English novelist and poet. He retold legends from England, Greece and Rome and was best known for his children's books, especially '' The Silver Sword'' (1956), a wartime adventure s ...
and
Clive King David Clive King (28 April 1924 – 10 July 2018) was an English author best known for his children's book ''Stig of the Dump'' (1963). He served in the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve in the last years of the Second World War and then worked for t ...
. Her novels for adults include several that continue or complement novels by Jane Austen. These include ''Mansfield Revisited'' and ''Jane Fairfax''.


Selected works


''Wolves Chronicles''

The ''Wolves Chronicles'' vary in length from less than 150 pages to more than 250 pages. Here the novels are listed in narrative order, and their central characters.


Main series

* '' The Whispering Mountain'' (1968), a prequel to the series * ''
The Wolves of Willoughby Chase ''The Wolves of Willoughby Chase'' is a children's novel by Joan Aiken, first published in 1962. Set in an alternative history of England, it tells of the adventures of cousins Bonnie and Sylvia and their friend Simon the goose-boy as they thw ...
'' (featuring Bonnie Green, Sylvia Green and Simon) (1962) * ''
Black Hearts in Battersea ''Black Hearts in Battersea'' is a children's novel by Joan Aiken first published in 1964. The second book in the Wolves Chronicles, it is loosely a sequel to her earlier '' Wolves of Willoughby Chase''. The book is set in a slightly altered ...
'' (featuring Dido Twite and Simon) (1964) * ''
Nightbirds on Nantucket ''Nightbirds on Nantucket'' is a children's novel by Joan Aiken, first published in 1966. Taking place in an alternate history, the story presents the further adventures of Dido Twite, an eleven-year-old Victorian tomboy, aboard a whaling shi ...
'' (Dido Twite) (1966) * ''
The Stolen Lake ''The Stolen Lake'' is a children's novel by Joan Aiken Joan Delano Aiken (4 September 1924 – 4 January 2004) was an English writer specialising in supernatural fiction and children's alternative history novels. In 1999 she was awarded ...
'' (Dido Twite) (1981) * ''Limbo Lodge'' (U.S. title: ''Dangerous Games'') (Dido Twite) (1999) * '' The Cuckoo Tree'' (Dido Twite) (1971) * ''
Dido and Pa Dido ( ; , ), also known as Elissa ( , ), was the legendary founder and first queen of the Phoenician city-state of Carthage (located in modern Tunisia), in 814 BC. In most accounts, she was the queen of the Phoenician city-state of Tyre (t ...
'' (featuring Dido and Is Twite) (1986) * '' Is'' (U.S. title: ''Is Underground'') (Is Twite) (1992) * '' Cold Shoulder Road'' (Is Twite) (1995) * '' Midwinter Nightingale'' (featuring Dido Twite and Simon) (2003) * '' The Witch of Clatteringshaws'' (featuring Dido Twite and Simon) (2005)


Related novels

* '' Midnight Is a Place'' (1976) This novel evidently takes place in the same fictional world as the series. Blastburn, the fictional setting of this work, features as the location of Mrs. Brisket's orphanage in ''
The Wolves of Willoughby Chase ''The Wolves of Willoughby Chase'' is a children's novel by Joan Aiken, first published in 1962. Set in an alternative history of England, it tells of the adventures of cousins Bonnie and Sylvia and their friend Simon the goose-boy as they thw ...
'', but does not otherwise bring elements of the other books. Its setting and time period resemble and satirise the height of the Victorian manufacturing years, rather than the Georgian setting of the other books. "Joan Aiken follows all the conventions of Dickensian fiction with just a little extra to satisfy jaded contemporary tastes. The Grimsby mansion at Midnight Court houses not one, but two unjustly disinherited orphans ...".


Arabel and Mortimer series

* '' Arabel's Raven'' (1972) * ''
Escaped Black Mamba Escape or Escaping may refer to: Computing * Escape character, in computing and telecommunication, a character which signifies that what follows takes an alternative interpretation ** Escape sequence, a series of characters used to trigger some s ...
'' (1973) * '' The Bread Bin'' (1974) * '' Mortimer's Tie'' (1976) * '' Mortimer and the Sword Excalibur'' (1979) * ''
The Spiral Stair ''The'' () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the ...
'' (1979) * ''
The Mystery of Mr Jones's Disappearing Taxi ''The'' () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the m ...
'' (1982) * '' Mortimer's Portrait on Glass'' (1982) * ''
Mortimer's Cross The Battle of Mortimer's Cross was fought on 2 February 1461 near Kingsland, Herefordshire (between Leominster and Leintwardine, by the River Lugg), not far from the Welsh border. It was a major battle of the Wars of the Roses. The opposing ...
'' (1983) * '' Mortimer Says Nothing'' (three stories) (1985) * '' Arabel and Mortimer'' (1992) * '' Mortimer's Mine'' (1994) * '' Mayhem in Rumbury'' (1995)


Paget family

* '' The Smile of the Stranger'' (1978) * '' The Lightning Tree'' (1980); U.S. title, ''The Weeping Ash'' * '' The Young Lady from Paris'' (1982); U.S. title, ''The Girl from Paris''


Felix trilogy

* '' Go Saddle the Sea'' (1978) * '' Bridle the Wind'' (1983) * '' The Teeth of the Gale'' (1988)


"Jane Austen" novels

* ''
Mansfield Revisited Mansfield is a market town and the administrative centre of Mansfield District in Nottinghamshire, England. It is the largest town in the wider Mansfield Urban Area (followed by Sutton-in-Ashfield). It gained the Royal Charter of a market town ...
'' (1984) * ''Jane Fairfax: The Secret Story of the Second Heroine in Jane Austen's Emma'' (1990) * '' Eliza’s Daughter'' (1994) * '' Emma Watson: The Watsons Completed'' (1996) * ''
The Youngest Miss Ward ''The'' () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the m ...
'' (1998) * '' Lady Catherine's Necklace'' (2000)


Other books

* '' All You've Ever Wanted and Other Stories'' (1953) * '' More Than You Bargained For and Other Stories'' (1955) * '' The Kingdom and The Cave'' (1960) * '' The Silence of Herondale'' (1964) * ''The Fortune Hunters'' (1965) * '' A Necklace of Raindrops'' (1968) * '' Night Fall'' (1969) * '' Smoke from Cromwell's Time and Other Stories'' (1970) * '' The Embroidered Sunset'' (1970) * '' The Green Flash'' (1971) * '' The Kingdom Under the Sea and Other Stories'' (1971) * '' A Cluster of Separate Sparks'' (1972) * '' A Harp of Fishbones'' (1972) * '' The Butterfly Picnic'' (1973) * '' Dark Interval'' (1974) * '' Beware of the Bouquet'' (1975) * ''
The Crystal Crow ''The'' () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the ...
'' (1975) * '' Voices in an Empty House'' (1975) * ''
Castle Barebane A castle is a type of fortified structure built during the Middle Ages predominantly by the nobility or royalty and by military orders. Scholars debate the scope of the word ''castle'', but usually consider it to be the private fortified r ...
'' (1976) * '' A Bundle of Nerves'' (1976) * '' The Five-Minute Marriage'' (1977) * '' The Faithless Lollybird and Other Stories'' (1977) * '' Last Movement'' (1978) * ''
Tale of a One-Way Street Tale may refer to: * Narrative, or story, a report of real or imaginary connected events * TAL effector (TALE), a type of DNA binding protein * Tale, Albania, a resort town * Tale, Iran, a village * Tale, Maharashtra, a village in Ratnagiri distri ...
'' (1978) * '' Foul Matter'' (1983) * '' A Whisper in the Night'' (1984) * '' Past Eight O'Clock'' (1986) * '' Deception'' (1988); U.S. title, ''If I Were You'' * '' Return to Harken House'' (1988) * ''
Blackground Blackground Records 2.0 (legal name Blackground Records, LLC, formerly known as Blackground Records) is an American record label founded and owned by Jomo and Barry Hankerson. Initially named Blackground Enterprises, the label switched its name t ...
'' (1989) * '' The Moon's Revenge'' (1990) * '' Morningquest'' (1992) * ''
The Cockatrice Boys ''The'' () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the m ...
'' (1996) * ''
The Scream ''The Scream'' is a composition created by Norwegian artist Edvard Munch in 1893. The agonized face in the painting has become one of the most iconic images of art, seen as symbolizing the anxiety of the human condition. Munch's work, including ...
'' (2002) * '' The Monkey's Wedding and Other Stories'' (2011)


Explanatory notes


General bibliography

* Cano, Marina. ''Jane Austen and Performance''. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017. Chapter 7, "Women's Rewritings", looks at Aiken's Austen sequels. .


References


Citations


Citated works

* * *


External links

*
Obituary
'' Daily Telegraph'', 6 January 2004
Joan Aiken – a partial bibliography

Joan Aiken
at Fantastic Fiction
Retrospective: The Endless Imagination of Joan Aiken
at Books For Keeps * *
Joan Aiken Papers
Special Collections at The University of Southern Mississippi (de Grummond Children's Literature Collection) {{DEFAULTSORT:Aiken, Joan 1924 births 2004 deaths 20th-century British short story writers 20th-century English women writers 20th-century English novelists British alternative history writers British women short story writers Edgar Award winners English children's writers English fantasy writers English horror writers English women novelists Ghost story writers Guardian Children's Fiction Prize winners The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction people Members of the Detection Club Members of the Order of the British Empire People from Rye, East Sussex Women historical novelists Women horror writers Women mystery writers Women science fiction and fantasy writers