Wilbur Wright Field was a military installation and an

airfield An aerodrome ( Commonwealth English) or airdrome (American English) is a location from which aircraft flight operations take place, regardless of whether they involve air cargo, passengers, or neither, and regardless of whether it is for pub ...

used as a

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

pilot, mechanic, and armorer training facility and, under different designations, conducted

United States Army Air Corps The United States Army Air Corps (USAAC) was the aerial warfare service component of the United States Army between 1926 and 1941. After World War I, as early aviation became an increasingly important part of modern warfare, a philosophical r ...

and

Air Forces An air force – in the broadest sense – is the national military branch that primarily conducts aerial warfare. More specifically, it is the branch of a nation's armed services that is responsible for aerial warfare as distinct from an ar ...

flight testing. Located near

Riverside, Ohio Riverside is a city in Montgomery County, Ohio, United States. A suburb of Dayton, The population was 25,201 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Dayton Metropolitan Statistical Area. Geography Riverside is located at (39.778858, -84.123094 ...

, the site is officially "Area B" of

Wright-Patterson Air Force Base Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (WPAFB) is a United States Air Force base and census-designated place just east of Dayton, Ohio, in Greene and Montgomery counties. It includes both Wright and Patterson Fields, which were originally Wilbur Wr ...

and includes the

National Museum of the United States Air Force The National Museum of the United States Air Force (formerly the United States Air Force Museum) is the official museum of the United States Air Force located at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, northeast of Dayton, Ohio. The NMUSAF is the ...

built on the airfield.

History

World War I

Wilbur Wright Field was established in 1917 for

on of land adjacent to the Mad River which included the 1910 Wright Brothers' Huffman Prairie Flying Field and that was leased to the Army by the Miami Conservancy District. Logistics support to Wilbur Wright Field was by the adjacent Fairfield Aviation General Supply Depot established in January 1918 and which also supplied three other Midwest Signal Corps aviation schools. A Signal Corps Aviation School began in June 1917 for providing combat pilots to the Western Front in France, and the field housed an aviation mechanic's school and an armorer's school.Wright-Patterson Air Force Base history
/ref> On 19 June 1918, Lt. Frank Stuart Patterson at the airfield was testing machine gun/propeller synchronization when a tie rod failure broke the wings off his

Airco DH.4 The Aircraft Manufacturing Company Limited (Airco) was an early British aircraft manufacturer. Established during 1912, it grew rapidly during the First World War, referring to itself as the largest aircraft company in the world by 1918. Ai ...

M while diving from . Also in 1918, McCook Field near Dayton between Keowee Street and the

Great Miami River The Great Miami River (also called the Miami River) (Shawnee: ''Msimiyamithiipi'') is a tributary of the Ohio River, approximately long,U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline dataThe National Map , accesse ...

began using space and mechanics at Wilbur Wright Field. Following World War I, the training school at Wilbur Wright Field was discontinued. Training units assigned to Wilbur Wright FieldOrder of Battle of the United States Land Forces in the First World War, Volume 3, Part 3, Center of Military History, United States Army, 1949 (1988 Reprint) * 42d Aero Squadron, August 1917 : Re-designated Squadron "I"; October 1918-February 1919 * 44th Aero Squadron, August 1917 : Re-designated Squadron "K"; October 1918 : Re-designated Squadron "P"; November 1918-April 1919 * 231st Aero Squadron (II), April 1918 : Re-designated Squadron "A", July–December 1918; Assigned to Armorers' School * 246th Aero Squadron (II), May 1918 : Re-designated Squadron "L", October 1918-February 1919 * 342d Aero Squadron, August 1918 : Re-designated Squadron "M" October 1918 : Re-designated Squadron "Q" November 1918-April 1919 * 507th Aero Squadron, July 1918-April 1919 * 512th Aero Squadron (Supply), July 1918-April 1919 * 669th Aero Squadron (Supply), May 1918-April 1919 * 678th Aero Squadron (Supply), February 1918-April 1919 * 851st Aero Squadron, March 1918 : Re-designated Squadron "B" July 1918-April 1919 Combat units trained at Wilbur Wright Field *

12th Aero Squadron The 12th Aero Squadron was a United States Army Air Service unit that fought on the Western Front during World War I. The squadron was assigned as a Corps Observation Squadron, performing short-range, tactical reconnaissance over the I Corps, ...

, July–November 1917; Deployed to

American Expeditionary Forces The American Expeditionary Forces (A. E. F.) was a formation of the United States Army on the Western Front of World War I. The A. E. F. was established on July 5, 1917, in France under the command of General John J. Pershing. It fought along ...

13th Aero Squadron The 13th Aero Squadron was a United States Army Air Service unit that fought on the Western Front during World War I. The squadron was assigned as a Day Pursuit (Fighter) Squadron as part of the 2d Pursuit Group, First United States Army. Its ...

, July–November 1917; Deployed to American Expeditionary Forces * 20th Aero Squadron, July–November 1917; Deployed to American Expeditionary Forces * 43d Aero Squadron, August–December 1917; Transferred to

Ellington Field, Texas Ellington Field Joint Reserve Base is a joint installation shared by various active component and reserve component military units, as well as aircraft flight operations of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under the aegis ...

* 47th Aero Squadron, August 1917-February 1918; Deployed to American Expeditionary Forces * 149th Aero Squadron, August 1917-February 1918; Deployed to American Expeditionary Forces * 159th Aero Squadron, December 1917-February 1918; Deployed to American Expeditionary Forces * 162d Aero Squadron, December 1917-February 1918; Deployed to American Expeditionary Forces *

163d Aero Squadron The 163d Aero Squadron was a United States Army Air Service unit that fought on the Western Front during World War I. The squadron was assigned as a Day Bombardment Squadron, assigned to the 2d Day Bombardment Group, United States Second Army. ...

, December 1917-February 1918; Deployed to American Expeditionary Forces * 166th Aero Squadron, December 1917-February 1918; Deployed to American Expeditionary Forces * 172d Aero Squadron, December 1917-February 1918; Deployed to American Expeditionary Forces Service units trained at Wilbur Wright Field * 19th Aero Squadron, July–November 1917; Deployed to American Expeditionary Forces * 151st Aero Squadron, December 1917-February 1918; Deployed to American Expeditionary Forces * 211th Aero Squadron, December 1917-February 1918; Deployed to American Expeditionary Forces * 255th Aero Squadron, March–June 1918; Deployed to American Expeditionary Forces * 256th Aero Squadron; March–June 1918; Deployed to American Expeditionary Forces * 257th Aero Squadron; March–June 1918; Deployed to American Expeditionary Forces * 258th Aero Squadron; March–June 1918; Deployed to American Expeditionary Forces * 259th Aero Squadron; March–July 1918; Deployed to American Expeditionary Forces * 260th Aero Squadron; March–July 1918; Deployed to American Expeditionary Forces * 265th Aero Squadron; March–July 1918; Deployed to American Expeditionary Forces * 287th Aero Squadron, May–July 1918; Transferred to Chanute Field, Illinois * 288th Aero Squadron, May–July 1918; Transferred to Chanute Field, Illinois * 827th Aero Squadron (Repair), February–March 1918; Deployed to American Expeditionary Forces

Inter-war years

1923 records for speed, distance, and endurance were set by an April 16 Fokker T-2 flight from Wilbur Wright Field which used a course around the water tower, the McCook Field water tower, and a pylon placed at New Carlisle. In June 1923, an Air Service TC-1 airship "was wrecked in a storm at Wilbur Wright Field" and by 1924, the field had "an interlock system" radio beacon using Morse code command guidance (dash-dot "N" for port, dot-dash "A" for starboard) illuminating instrument board lights. The Field Service Section at Wilbur Wright Field merged with McCook's Engineering Division to form the

Materiel Division Air Materiel Command (AMC) was a United States Army Air Forces and United States Air Force command. Its headquarters was located at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. In 1961, the command was redesignated the Air Force Logistics Command wi ...

on 15 October 1926 ("moved to Wright Field when McCook Field closed in 1927"). The Air Service's "control station for the model airway"—which scheduled military flights of the Airways Section—moved to Wilbur Wright Field from McCook Field in the late 1920s (originally "at Bolling Field until 1925").

Redesignations

The Fairfield Air Depot formed when the leased area of Wilbur Wright Field and the Army-owned land of the Fairfield Aviation General Supply Depot merged soon after World War I. For an aerial war game of 1929, "Fairfield" was the headquarters of the Blue air force: a Blue "airdrome north of Dayton at Troy" was strafed on May 16 ("a raid on the airdrome at Fairfield" was later expected), "Dayton" was the May 21 take off site for a round-trip bomber attack on New York, and "target areas at Fairfield" were used for live bombing on May 25. A provisional division was "assembled at Dayton" on May 16, 1931, for maneuvers in which "Maj. Henry H. Arnold, division G-4 (Supply), had stocks at Pittsburgh; Cleveland; Buffalo; Middletown, Pennsylvania; Aberdeen, Maryland; and Bolling Field to service units as they flew eastward." The depot remained active until 1946.

Wright Field

In 1924, the city of Dayton purchased , the portion of Fairfield Air Depot leased in 1917 for Wilbur Wright Field, along with an additional in Montgomery County to the southwest (now part of Riverside). The combined area was named Wright Field to honor both Wright Brothers. A new installation with permanent brick facilities was constructed to replace McCook Field and was dedicated on October 12, 1927. The transfer of 4,500 tons of engineering material, office equipment and other assets at McCook Field to Wright Field began on March 25, 1927, and was 85% complete by June 1 after moving 1,859 truckloads. "The Engineering School shut down for the school year 1927-28 at Wright Field, which had the Army Air Corps Museum in Building 12. By November 1930, "the laboratory at Wright Field" had planes fitted as flying laboratories" (e.g., B-19 "flying laboratory" with "8-foot tires"), and the equipment of the 1929 Full Flight Laboratory (closed out by the

Daniel Guggenheim Fund for the Promotion of Aeronautics The Daniel Guggenheim Fund for the Promotion of Aeronautics was established by Daniel Guggenheim and his son, Harry Guggenheim on June 16, 1926. Between 1926 and 1930 the fund disbursed $3 million, making grants that established schools or researc ...

, which had established the principle of safe fog flying) was moved to Wright Field by the end of 1931.

’s Fog Flying Unit under 1st Lt. Albert F. Hegenberger used the equipment for blind landings.

Patterson Field

Patterson Field named for Frank Stuart Patterson was designated on 6 July 1931 as the area of Wright Field east of Huffman Dam (including Fairfield Air Depot, Huffman Prairie, and Wright Field's airfield). Patterson Field became the location of the Materiel Division of the Air Corps and a key logistics center and in 1935, quarters were built at Patterson Field which in 1939 still "was without runways...heavier aircraft met difficulty in landing in inclement weather." Wright Field retained the land west of the Huffman Dam and became the research and development center of the Air Corps.

Pre-war events

Engineering and flight activities of the two installations after the designation of Patterson Field included numerous aviation achievements and failures prior to the

bombing of Pearl Harbor The attack on Pearl HarborAlso known as the Battle of Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service upon the United States against the naval base at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Territory of Haw ...

AAF and USAF base

The Army Air Forces Technical Base was formed on December 15, 1945, when Wright Field, Patterson Field, Dayton Army Air Field in Vandalia and Clinton County AAF in Wilmington merged. After the USAF was created, the base was renamed Air Force Technical Base in December 1947 and

in January 1948.. The former Wright Field became Area B of the combined installation, the southern portion of Patterson Field became Area A, and the northern portion of Patterson Field, including the jet runway built in 1946–47, Area C.

References

{{Wright aircraft, state=collapsed Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces in Ohio World War I airfields in the United States World War I sites in the United States Wright-Patterson Air Force Base Airports established in 1917 1917 establishments in Ohio