West Hampstead

West Hampstead is an area in the London Borough of Camden in north-west London. Mainly defined by the railway stations of the same name, it is situated between Childs Hill to the north, Frognal and Hampstead to the north-east, Swiss Cottage to the east, South Hampstead to the south-east, Kilburn to the west and south-west, and Cricklewood to the north-west. The area is mainly residential with several small shops, restaurants, cafes, bakeries concentrated on the northern section of West End Lane and around West End Green. It is served by three stations: West Hampstead on the Jubilee line, West Hampstead Overground station and West Hampstead Thameslink station. It is part of the Kilburn postal district (NW6).

History

West End hamlet

An area, known as "le Rudyng" (indicating a woodland clearing) in the mid-13th century, had by 1534 come to be called West End. It was then a freehold estate belonging to Kilburn Priory, and was so called because it was at the west end of another, larger estate. Although it is possible that there was a dwelling on the estate prior to 1244, an estate house was certainly extant by 1646. West End Lane (named as such by 1644), the main road through the area, is still bent at a right-angle at the north and south ends where it connects to Finchley Road and Edgware Road respectively. This is because the lane used to form the boundary between a number of different estates.

By the early 17th century several houses were present, and by the middle of that century London merchants were building larger houses in the area. By 1800 West End was a hamlet of two to three dozen houses and cottages located in parkland, mostly on the west side of West End Lane and Fortune Green Lane, and north of the present-day railway lines. West End Lane had been rerouted, making it straighter and lying further to the west than previously. In 1851 residents were mainly agricultural labourers, gardeners, craftsmen and tradespeople, with an innkeeper, two beershop keepers, a schoolmistress and a few gentry. There were three main large houses: West End House, West End Hall and Lauriston Lodge.

West Hampstead

Transformation of the area started with the construction of three railway lines across West End Lane: Hampstead Junction Railway, built by 1857; Midland line, opened in 1868; and Metropolitan & St. John's Wood line, opened in 1879. ''West Hampstead'' was the name adopted by Metropolitan & St. John's Wood for its station on West End Lane. The period of greatest development for the area was the 15 years from the opening of that station, with estates on the west side of West End Lane being turned from farmland and parkland into housing estates.Wade, Christopher (ed.) (1992). ''The Streets of West Hampstead'', Camden History Society. (2nd ed.) Large scale development on the east side of West End Lane started in 1897, with the redevelopment of the properties where the three large houses of West End Hall, Canterbury House and Treherne House had stood until then.

Notable buildings and sites

* Emmanuel Church, an Anglican church on the corner of Lyncroft Gardens, opened in 1903.
* Hampstead Cemetery on Fortune Green Road, opened in 1876
* Hampstead Cricket Club moved to Lymington Road in 1877.
* Hampstead Synagogue on Dennington Park Road, built on the site of Lauriston Lodge, opened in 1892.
* Lilian Baylis House at 165 Broadhurst Gardens, opened in the 1880s. It was originally the Falcon Works, a place for tradespeople to work from. A few years later it was turned into a venue for concerts, meetings and other gatherings and named West Hampstead Town Hall. In 1928, Crystalate Gramophone Record Manufacturing took it over and moved its recording studio there. In 1937, Decca took it over and the building became Decca Studios until 1980. Artists including David Bowie and the Rolling Stones recorded there, but the Beatles failed their audition there on 1 January 1962, before they signed with Parlophone. It is now used as rehearsal space by the English National Opera.
* Railway Hotel on the corner of West End Lane and Broadhurst Gardens, built in 1881. From 1961 to 1970 it housed Klooks Kleek, a jazz and rhythm n’ blues club, whose notable acts included Cream, Ten Years After, Stevie Wonder, Buddy Guy and Rod Stewart. The live album ''John Mayall Plays John Mayall'' was recorded there in 1964 by running cables out of the window to Decca Studios, which was two buildings away.
* St. James Church on Sherriff Road, the first church in the UK to house a main-branch post office and community centre, the Sheriff Centre.
* West Hampstead Fire Station was opened in 1901 and is still operating, responding to over 2,000 emergency calls a year. Its service area covers , including Hampstead, West Hampstead, Kilburn, Cricklewood and parts of Golders Green.

Transport links

There are three railway stations named West Hampstead, all within close proximity, and a number of other tube stations in the area. Numerous bus routes pass through the district.

* Tube: West Hampstead tube station, on the Jubilee line. Nearby is Finchley Road tube station, on the Jubilee and Metropolitan lines.
* Trains: West Hampstead Thameslink station on the cross London Thameslink route, and West Hampstead Overground station on the North London Line.
* Buses: 139 (Golders Green to Waterloo via Oxford Street, 24 hours), 328 ( Golders Green to Chelsea via Notting Hill), and C11 ( Brent Cross Shopping Centre to Archway via Hampstead Heath).

Notable residents

There are four English Heritage blue plaques in West Hampstead commemorating historic personalities that have lived there. The plaques mark the residences of painter David Bomberg at 10 Fordwych Road, conductor Sir Adrian Boult at 78 Marlborough Mansions on Cannon Hill, newspaper proprietor Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe at 31 Pandora Road, and ophthalmologist Dame Ida Mann at 13 Minster Road.

Other notable people

* Gerry Anderson – publisher, producer, director and writer
* Joan Armatrading – singer and musician, resident in her early days
* Camila Batmanghelidjh – businesswoman, charity leader and author
* Sacha Bennett – filmmaker
* Dirk Bogarde – actor
* Paul Brightwell – actor
* Jim Carter – actor
* Jonathan Charles - Former BBC presenter and foreign correspondent
* Michael Clanchy - historian
* Gus Dudgeon – record producer, lived at Kings Gardens and worked at Decca Studios
* Maurice Feild – artist
* Steven Finn – England and Middlesex County Cricket Club player
* Marina Fiorato – author
* Stephen Fry – actor and television presenter
* GFOTY – artist and musician
* Angela Griffin – actress and television presenter
* Julia Hartley-Brewer – radio presenter, political journalist and newspaper columnist
* Margot Heinemann – Marxist writer, leading member of the Communist Party of Great Britain, born at 89 Priory Road
* Barry Humphries – comedian, actor, satirist, artist, and author known for his character Dame Edna Everage
* Derek Jacobi – actor
* Chaka Khan – singer
* Phyllida Law – actress
* Doris Lessing – author
* Dua Lipa – singer and songwriter
* Matt Lucas – comedian and actor
* Bill Nighy – actor
* Slash – guitarist for Velvet Revolver and formerly for Guns N' Roses
* Henry Spinetti – drummer, session musician and brother of actor Victor Spinetti
* Dusty Springfield – singer, born and lived on Sumatra Road
* Imelda Staunton – actress
* Emma Thompson – actress, comedian and screenwriter
* Eric Thompson – actor, television presenter and producer
* Sophie Thompson – actress
* Johnny Vegas – actor, comedian
* Alec and Evelyn Waugh – authors, who grew up in Hillfield Road
* Greg Wise – actor

Location in context

Gallery

Image:West Hampstead.jpg, West End Green, near the northern end of West End Lane
Image:West Hampstead 2.jpg, Shops on West End Lane
Image:West Hampstead 3.jpg, Shops, Library on West End Lane
Image:West Hampstead Tube.jpg, West Hampstead tube station
Image:West Hampstead railway station 1.jpg, West Hampstead London Overground station
Image:West Hampstead Thameslink stn slow look north June 09.JPG, West Hampstead Thameslink station

References

External links

Hampstead Scientific Society

{{Authority control

Districts of the London Borough of Camden
Areas of London
District centres of London