Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture is an
autonomous prefecture in southeastern
Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China and the easternmost prefecture-level division of the province. It borders
Baise
Baise (; local pronunciation: ), or Bose, is the westernmost prefecture-level city of Guangxi, China bordering Vietnam as well as the provinces of Guizhou and Yunnan. The city has a population of 4.3 million, of which 1.4 million live in the ...
,
Guangxi to the east, Vietnam's
Hà Giang Province to the south for ,
Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture
Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (; Hani: ; Yi: ꉼꉸꉳꆃꁈꆃꁈꊨꏦꍓ) is an autonomous prefecture in Southeast-Central Yunnan Province, China, bordering Vietnam's Lào Cai and Lai Châu provinces to the south. Its name ...
to the west and
Qujing to the north.
Subdivisions
Ethnic groups
Wenshan is highly diverse. According to a local saying, "Han and Hui live by the market, Zhuang and Dai live by the water, Miao and Yi live on the mountains, and Yao live among the bamboos." ()
Some of Wenshan's ethnic groups include:
*
Han Chinese
The Han Chinese () or Han people (), are an East Asian ethnic group native to China. They constitute the world's largest ethnic group, making up about 18% of the global population and consisting of various subgroups speaking distinctiv ...
*
Tai peoples
**
Zhuang (3 branches according to Kaup (2000); 4 branches according to Johnson (2011)
[Johnson, Eric C. 2011.]
A Lexical and Phonological Comparison of the Central Taic Languages of Wenshan Prefecture, China: Getting More Out of Language Survey Wordlists Than Just Lexical Similarity Percentages.
SIL Electronic Working Papers 2011-005: 170.)
***
Nong
***Sha ("
Yei Zhuang
Yei Zhuang is a Northern Tai language complex spoken in Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan, China. Its speakers are also known as the Sha (沙族).
Distribution
In Yunnan, Yei Zhuang dialects are spoken in Funing and Guangnan counties (also in Guangxi ...
")
***Tu ("
Dai Zhuang")
***
Min
**
Dai
***
Tai Hongjin
Tai Ya (), also known as Tai-Cung, Tai-Chung and Daiya, is a Southwestern Tai language of southern China. It is also known as Tai Hongjin () in China.
Speakers of Tai Hongjin live in the Red River (红河 or 元江) and Jinsha River (金沙� ...
-
Maguan County
Maguan County (, vi, Mã Quan) is located in Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan province, China, bordering Vietnam's Lào Cai
Lào Cai () is a city in the Northwest region of Vietnam. It is the capital of Lào Cai Provi ...
*
Kra peoples
The Kra languages (also known as the Geyang 仡央 or Kadai languages) are a branch of the Kra–Dai language family spoken in southern China (Guizhou, Guangxi, Yunnan) and in northern Vietnam (Hà Giang Province).
Names
The name ''Kra'' comes ...
**
Buyang -
Funing County,
Guangnan County
**
Lachi -
Maguan County
Maguan County (, vi, Mã Quan) is located in Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan province, China, bordering Vietnam's Lào Cai
Lào Cai () is a city in the Northwest region of Vietnam. It is the capital of Lào Cai Provi ...
**
Gelao -
Malipo County
Malipo County (, vi, Ma Lật Pha) is under the administration of the Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, in the southeast of Yunnan province, China, bordering Ha Giang Province to the southeast.
Administrative divisions
In the presen ...
**
Qabiao -
Malipo County
Malipo County (, vi, Ma Lật Pha) is under the administration of the Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, in the southeast of Yunnan province, China, bordering Ha Giang Province to the southeast.
Administrative divisions
In the presen ...
*Miao–Yao peoples
**
Miao people (listed from east to west)
[Castro, Andy & Gu Chawen. 2010. "Phonological innovation among Hmong dialects of Wenshan." ''Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society (JSEALS)'' 3.1:1-39.]
***Lopsided Miao ( ''Shuat'')
***White Miao ( ''Dleub'')
***Green Miao ( ''Shib'', ''Nzhuab'')
***Flowery Miao ( ''Soud'', ''Bes'', ''Buak'')
**
Yao people
The Yao people (its majority branch is also known as Mien; ; vi, người Dao) is a government classification for various minorities in China and Vietnam. They are one of the 55 officially recognised ethnic minorities in China and reside in t ...
*Tibeto-Burman peoples
**
Yi people
The Yi or Nuosu people,; zh, c=彝族, p=Yízú, l=Yi ethnicity historically known as the Lolo,; vi, Lô Lô; th, โล-โล, Lo-Lo are an ethnic group in China, Vietnam, and Thailand. Numbering nine million people, they are the sev ...
-
Funing County,
Guangnan County,
Malipo County
Malipo County (, vi, Ma Lật Pha) is under the administration of the Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, in the southeast of Yunnan province, China, bordering Ha Giang Province to the southeast.
Administrative divisions
In the presen ...
**
Bai people -
Qiubei County
Qiubei County () is under the administration of the Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, in southeast Yunnan province, China.
Administrative divisions
In the present, Qiubei County has 3 towns, 4 townships and 5 ethnic townships.
;3 to ...
(in Mazhelong , etc.),
Yanshan County (in Jiayi ),
Guangnan County (in Zhulin )
*Mon-Khmer peoples
**
Bolyu -
Guangnan County
**
Bugan -
Guangnan County,
Xichou County
Xichou County () is under the administration of the Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, in the southeast of Yunnan province, China.
Administrative divisions
In the present, Xichou County has 2 towns and 7 townships.
;2 towns
* Xisa ( ...
Yunnan (1979)
lists Jiazhou (pop. 475), Longjiang (pop. 54), Tusi (pop. 134), and Bendi (pop. 7) as Zhuang subgroups of unknown linguistic affiliation.
Yi
The ''Wenshan Prefecture Gazetteer'' () (2000) and the ''Wenshan Prefecture Ethnic Gazetteer'' () (2005) list the following Yi ethnic subdivisions in Wenshan Prefecture.
*Luo ()
**White Lolo () (autonyms: ''Suodu'' , ''Luoluobu'' , ''Xiqima'' , ''Gaisip''o )
***Mokong () (''Gaokujiao Luo'' ) of Funing and Guangnan counties
***Mudai () of Funing and Napo counties
**Black Lolo () (autonyms: ''Nuosupo'' , ''Luoluopo'' ): in Qiubei, Yanshan, and Wenshan counties
**Flowery Lolo () (autonyms: ''Hanluowu'' , ''Luwu'' , ''Niesu'' ): in Funing, Guangnan, Malipo, Xichou, Maguan, and Yanshan counties
*Pu ()
**Black Phula () (autonym: ''Azha'' )
**White Phula () (autonym: ''Zuoke'' )
**Flowery Phula () (autonym: ''Abo'' )
*Sani () (autonym: ''Sanipo'' ): in Qiubei County
*Awu () (autonym: ''Awu'' ; exonyms: ''Mengwu'' , ''Awu'' , ''Mengwu'' , ''Mengzu'' )
**Lai () (autonym; a branch of the ''Awu'' , also called ''Mengwu'' ):
[''Wenshan Prefecture Ethnic Gazetteer'' () (2005)] in Xisa , Xichou; Daping and Nanwenhe of Malipo
*Gepu () (autonyms: ''Gepo'' , ''Alingpo'' ; exonyms: ''Geluoluo''/''duo'' , ''Adu'' , ''Aga'' ): in Tiechang and Donggan townships of Malipo County
*Axi (): in Wenshan, Yanshan, and Qiubei counties
*Lalu () (''Lalupu'' ; exonym: ''Xiangtang'' ): in Nanping
Yao
The ''Wenshan Prefecture Gazetteer'' () (2000) lists the following Yao ethnic subdivisions in Wenshan Prefecture.
*Men () or Jinmen () (exonym: ''Landian Yao'' )
*Mengmian () or Youmian () (exonyms: ''Daban Yao'' , ''Jiao Yao'' )
*Xiu () or Ya () (exonyms: ''Shan Yao'' , ''Guoshan Yao'' ): in Longmen () and Longshao () of Funing County, and in Tiechang (), Jinchang (), and other locations of Malipo County
Gelao
The ''Wenshan Prefecture Gazetteer'' (2000) lists the following Gelao ethnic subdivisions in Wenshan Prefecture. The Gelao of Wenshan are also locally known as the Laobazi or Bazi .
*White Gelao ()
*Green Gelao ()
*Red Gelao ()
*Flowery Gelao () (also known as the ''Wai Gelao'' () or ''Pipao Gelao'' ())
History
The prefecture has been inhabited for at least 4000 years, as evidenced by surviving neolithic rock art in
Malipo County
Malipo County (, vi, Ma Lật Pha) is under the administration of the Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, in the southeast of Yunnan province, China, bordering Ha Giang Province to the southeast.
Administrative divisions
In the presen ...
. The seat of
Guangnan, known today as Liancheng (), was the heart of the
Gouding Kingdom () that lasted approximately 400 years, from 111 BC to 316 AD.
Transportation
*
Wenshan Airport
Wenshan Puzhehei Airport is an airport serving Wenshan City in Yunnan Province, China. It is located 6 km from the center of Yanshan County and 25 km from Wenshan City
Wenshan (; za, Vwnzsanh Si) is a city in and the seat of Wensha ...
References
External links
Wenshan Prefecture Official Site
{{Zhuang autonomy in the People's Republic of China
Zhuang autonomous prefectures
Miao autonomous prefectures