Walkabout (magazine)

''Walkabout'' was an Australian illustrated magazine published from 1934 to 1974 (and again in 1978) combining cultural, geographic, and scientific content with travel literature. Initially a travel magazine, in its forty-year run it featured a popular mix of articles by travellers, officials, residents, journalists, naturalists, anthropologists and novelists, illustrated by Australian photojournalists. Its title derived "from the supposed 'racial characteristic of the Australian Aboriginal who is always on the move."

History

Ostensibly and initially a travel and geographic magazine published by the Australian National Travel Association (ANTA), ''Walkabout : Australia and the South Seas'' was named by ANTA director Charles Holmes. In its first issue of 1 Nov 1934, the editorial, signed by Charles (Chas) Lloyd Jones, chair of the board of David Jones and acting chairman of ANTA, proclaimed its aim to educate its readers thus:

This first issue with its cover by internationally known photographer Emil Otto Hoppé set the benchmark, with profuse illustrations by others in the articles; 'Coming Down with Cattle', by Arthur W. Upfield; 'Undiscovered New Guinea' by editor Charles Holmes; 'The Kimberleys' by Ion Idress, a pictorial section titled '...And The Cities' with four uncredited images; 'Tahiti To-Day' by Charles Chauvel; 'The Maori', by Eric Ramsden; with "Our Cameraman's Walkabout", a pictorial section on the 'British Solomon Islands Protectorate'.

The income the association derived from magazine sales provided for its other activities in promoting tourism, 'to place Australia on the world's travel map and keep it there.' It was assertively Australian in its ethos but took cues from other popular magazines of the period, such as the United States' ''National Geographic Magazine,'' and ''LIFE.''

Australian Geographical Society

From August 1946, ''Walkabout'' doubled as the official journal of the newly formed Australian Geographical Society (AGS), founded with a £5,000 grant from ANTA, its banner subscript reading 'Journal of the Australian Geographical Society'.

When the Society disbanded in 1961 it resumed its purpose of promoting tourism and became 'Australia's Way of Life Magazine,' supported by the Australian National Publicity Association and later the Australian Tourist Commission and advertising from shipping lines, state government tourist bureaus, tourist destinations and hotels and, later, airlines.

For the first 25 years ''Walkabout'' offices were located in the Railway Building, Flinders Street, Melbourne. From 17 October 1959, the magazine operated from 18 Collins Street, Melbourne, in the then new 12-storey Coates Building (near the corner of Collins and Spring Streets), a multi-storey office building constructed in 1958–59. Still standing, it is preserved as of heritage significance. Constructed to the prevailing height limit in a design by John A La Gerche during the postwar building boom that transformed Melbourne into a modern high-rise city, the Coates Building is an intact early representative example. Its curtain wall street façade of horizontal rows of framed glazing and vertical mullions in a grid and materials such as aluminium distinguish its Post-War Modernist style.

Editorship

Charles Holmes was ''Walkabouts founding managing editor, retiring in August 1957. From June 1936 he was paid £250 per annum and C.S. Weetman was appointed associate editor at £100, with their allowances coming from the magazine's income and being conditional on its profitability. Basil Atkinson was editor until January 1960; then Graham Tucker followed by film critic and photojournalist Brian McArdle (1920–1968) from January 1961. In the following financial year subscribers to ''Walkabout'' came from 91 different countries. Under a new banner 'Australia's Way of Life Magazine' (after November 1961), modern dynamic layouts in a larger format of and more lively captioning saw a brief peak in circulation to 50,000 in 1967 in response to more liberal human-interest and cultural content. McArdle consciously emulated the American ''Life'' magazine (1936–1972) and the French ''Réalités'' (1946–1979). After McArdle's illness and death, John Ross took on the editorship in December 1969 with various others filling the role, and the magazine format was reduced to until it ceased publication in 1974.

Contributors

Writers included some of Australia's most significant authors, novelists, journalists, naturalists and commentators:

Western Australian writer Henrietta Drake-Brockman originated the 'Our Authors' Page', a full-page feature on a leading writer, which was given a leading position in each issue opposite the table of contents between 1950 and 1953.

A book review column ran almost continuously from 1953 to 1971 under the byline 'Scrutarius' (who was journalist H.C. (Peter) Fenton, with perhaps others), totalling almost 200 columns and which reviewed usually four books per issue. Fenton had a background as a multilingual Victorian Railways publicist. The magazine thus provided a showcase of diverse Australian literature to a mostly 'middlebrow' audience that was otherwise ill-served by other periodicals and newspapers.

Photojournalism

ANTA recognised that the magazine it intended to publish would only be successful if it were well illustrated. Its 16th board meeting, held in Sydney in May 1934, passed a motion to employ a staff photographer for the purposes of improving "the quality of 'arresting pictures' that were being forwarded to overseas papers and magazines". Roy Dunstan, a Victorian Railways employee who was possibly known to the first editor Holmes, since both worked for the railways, was appointed on a salary of £9 per week with all expenses paid, increased to £10 per week from 1 September 1938. He was later joined on staff by Ray Bean from 1947 to .

''Walkabout'' appealed to 'middle-brow' audiences, and artists, for its pictorial content. An appearance in its pages was responsible for remote features, such as Wave Rock, becoming tourist attractions. It became an outlet for, and promoter of, Australian photojournalism through photographers, men and women, some famous, like Frank Hurley who contributed seven ''Walkabout'' articles in 1939–40, and a cover image in 1956, and others lesser-known, like Heather George, whose careers were launched in the magazine. Stories were liberally illustrated each with up to fifteen quarter-, half- and full-page photographs in black and white. ''Walkabout'' also sponsored a national artistic and aesthetic photography competition in 1957 with a One Hundred Pound first prize (a 2019 value of over $3,000).

The original pictorial segment was initially called "Our Cameraman's Walkabout", then "Australia and the South Pacific in Pictures" (briefly including New Zealand in the title), "Australia in Pictures", "Camera Supplement" and after 1961 a 24-page lift-out full-colour supplement "The Australian Scene" was included annually in the December issue which sold at a higher price. It began with as many as 23 photographs spread over 6–8 pages, but dropped to 6–10 photographs in the 1960s. The segment was often devoted to a single topic and in the 1960s to single-topic double-page spreads.

In January 1959, full-colour covers appeared, together with full-colour advertising, but photographs accompanying articles continued in black and white or sepia. In a letter to readers in October 1961, the new editor McArdle promised that the first issue he oversaw would "pictorially excel itself." Letterpress was replaced by offset printing in July 1962, so that articles could be illustrated with colour photographs from July 1965.

Significant Australian photographers included in its pages were:

International photographers

* Emil Otto Hoppé,
* Victor Minca

Associated book publications

In the 1960s the magazine spawned a number of book-length illustrated anthologies with content both new, and from the magazine issues;
*
*
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*

Representation of Indigenous Australians

The cover image of the first issue, under the masthead ''Walkabout: Australia and the South Seas'', was a cut-out head and shoulders photograph "Head of Australian Aboriginal", in face-paint, grinning and holding a clutch of spears, his head deep-etched against a strong red background. It was taken (on Palm Island) by German-born British photographer Emil Otto Hoppé (1878–1972) who in 1930 was commissioned to document Australia's "true spirit" and toured extensively throughout the country, including Tasmania.

Otherwise, the first edition includes no articles specifically on Aboriginal peoples but in accounting for the magazine's name, it connected the magazine with a misrepresentation of Aboriginal heritage:

''Walkabout''s early to mid-century stance on the depiction of Indigenous Australians was generally conservative, patronising, romantic, often racist and stereotyped, though mixed with some informed commentary and genuine concern (misguided and otherwise), in a reflection of the then prevailing national attitudes. Most issues were inclusive of Aboriginal subjects in photo spreads, more typically of Aboriginal figures in so-called traditional poses or settings.

An instance was Roy Dunstan's full-length portrait entitled "Jimmy" of 1935, standing heroically with a spear and gazing to the distance. "Jimmy" was Gwoya Jungarai, a Walbiri man, but when his image, cropped to head and shoulders, appeared on the 1950 Australian stamp it was captioned just "Aborigine", a term many now consider an offensive and racist hangover from Australia's colonial era. Though belatedly named in an editorial essay, the deprecating moniker "One Pound Jimmy" stuck.

However stereotyped or cursory such inclusions might have been, they did promote an understanding of an enduring and significant Aboriginal presence, and of a rich cultural heritage. Specialist essays, written for a general audience, covered topics including:

Ion Idriess, Mary Durack and Ernestine Hill in their frequent writings for the magazine present complex and ambivalent attitudes to Aborigines. Despite their familiarity with First Nations people, they saw them as "vanishing" due to unexplained causes and agencies of which even the victims themselves were ignorant, and to an insufficient birth rate to sustain their population, explained as an instinctual "racial suicide". Conversely, regular contributor Bill Harney, cattleman, former patrol officer and protector of Indigenous groups and father of Wardaman elder Bill Yidumduma Harney, penned sixteen articles over 1947–57 presenting an experienced and sympathetic view of the Aboriginal peoples of Australia's Northern Territory alongside whom he worked and lived.

Anthropologists Ronald Berndt and Frederick McCarthy contributed learned articles, mostly on cultural artefacts. Ursula McConnel's three articles, all in successive issues during 1936 and drawn from fieldwork she had undertaken in Cape York from 1927 to 1934, provided particular insights into the impact on Aboriginal people experiencing the transition from traditional practices to mission life, frankly identifying ideological failures of policy by the missions' and government administrations and advancing several remedies to the damage she saw being caused to Aboriginal lives and cultures by "civilisation". Early articles by anthropologist Donald Thomson were based on his fieldwork in Cape York, northeast Arnhem Land and the Great Sandy Desert, and from 1949 he also contributed a series of 'Nature Diaries' on Australian flora and fauna, but he also expressed passionate advocacy for indigenous people out of his frustration with how they were treated and general contempt for them as little but savages, and his sympathy and deep respect for them and their cultures, writing that he "felt that ehad more in common with these splendid and virile natives than with my own people".

The magazine reviewed more enlightened literature as early as 1952, including poet Roland Robinson's studies of traditional Aboriginal knowledge ''Legend and Dreaming as related to Roland Robinson by Men of the Djauan, Rimberunga, Mungarai-Ngalarkan and Yungmun Tribes of Arnhem Land (1952, with a foreword by A. P. Elkin)'' and children's literature dealing with Indigenous subjects, such as Rex Ingamells's ''Aranda Boy'' (1952), the latter being praised for its readability and its politics in showing "that the Australian Aboriginal is not merely a 'native'.". In the column "Our Authors" James Devaney's popular historical novel ''The Vanished Tribes'' (1929), is described as "the first really successful treatment in creative prose of our Aboriginal theme, but it is as vitally human and beautifully written a book as we possess".

By the sixties outrage in the Australian community at the injustice of apartheid in South Africa and consciousness of other social movements for civil rights changed attitudes to the Indigenous population. An instance in ''Walkabout'' is an account of the experience of their making ''I, the Aboriginal,'' a first-person film biography of Waipuldanya, contributed in September 1963 by author and Indigenous advocate Sandra Le Brun Holmes, wife of its director Cecil Holmes, who also wrote for the magazine.

The change in societal opinion eased the passing of the 1967 Referendum which was to override prejudicial state laws and open the way to advances in land rights, easing of discriminatory practices, financial assistance,. and conscious preservation of cultural heritage. Despite the complexities of the Referendum, it received scant, and ''post-facto'', mention in ''Walkabout'' in 1967. Patsy Adam Smith wrote hopefully that:

In an essay in the June 1968 issue, author Margaret Ford asks:

The following July "Publishers Column" promoted the idea that;

Articles from this period more even-handedly acknowledged the colonial massacres alongside more sympathetic, though still somewhat patronising, stories on the remote desert tribes, and more in-depth and academic discussion of the complex issues appeared, though much ink was devoted to debate over whether 'aborigine', 'Aborigine', or 'Aboriginal' were correct English usage, the first two of which are now considered by many as offensive and racist.

Writing about ''Walkabout'''s treatment of Australian indigenous people in their 2016 text, Mitchell Rolls and Anna Johnston conclude;

Circulation

Cessation

In February 1971, ANTA subcontracted out production of the magazine to Sungravure Pty Ltd (a part of Fairfax Magazines, one of Australia's largest publishing companies). The cover price was raised substantially from 40 cents to 50 cents a copy (a rise from $4.29 to $5.36 in 2019 values), but failed to turn a profit. In August, it claimed to be 'The New Walkabout', but the magazine was floundering, frequently changing its subtitle and editorship. In February 1972, editions moved from academic style volume numbering to commonplace month-year labels.

Quanchi in the ''Journal of Australian Studies'' observes that the magazine "struggled against mass circulation weekly and lifestyle magazines in the early 1970s," and publication ceased with the June/July 1974 issue. It restarted again in August 1978 as volume 41, number 1, continuing for two more monthly issues. This run was published by "Leisure Boating and Speedway Magazines Pty Ltd" on behalf of ANTA.

While ''Walkabout'' outlived ''LIFE'' by two years, both magazinesamongst many othersfinally succumbed to increasing publication costs, decreasing subscriptions, and to competition from other media and newspaper supplements.

Successors

An Australian edition of '' Geo magazine'' was founded in 1979 by Paul Hamlyn Pty Ltd. It was subsequently published until 2001.

Dick Smith founded the ''Australian Geographic'' magazine and Australian Geographic Society in 1986. The latter was established as a wholly owned subsidiary of the magazine and has no connection to the earlier Australian Geographical Society or to ''Walkabout''. The magazine and society have continued to operate under a variety of owners.

Also in 1986, the bimonthly ''The Living Australia Magazine'' was begun by Bay Books. It ceased in 1987. A ''The Living Australia'' serial periodical was later produced by Bay Books that ran for many undated editions.

The '' R.M. Williams Outback'' magazine was launched in September 1998 to celebrate the Australian outback, and continues to be published.

''Australian Traveller'' magazine was founded in 2005 to "inspire Australians to see their own country". In February 2019, ANTA's successor Tourism Australia collaborated with ''Australian Traveller'' to launch a new magazine in the United States, called ''Australia''. Jane Whitehead, regional general manager Americas, Tourism Australia, said at its launch that "In collaborating with ''Australian Traveller'', we set out to tell quintessentially Aussie travel stories, while highlighting some of the finest hospitality product, in a way that compels travellers to book memorable vacations." The magazine is distributed gratis at major US airports.

Bibliography

* Bolton, A. T. (ed.) ''WALKABOUT''S Australia: an anthology of articles and photographs from ''Walkabout'' magazine. Sydney: Ure Smith, 1964 ISBN T000019430
* McGuire, M. E. (1993), 'Whiteman's walkabout', ''Meanjin'', 2:3517–525.
* Rolls, Mitchell (2009), "Picture imperfect: re-reading imagery of Aborigines in ''Walkabout''", ''Journal of Australian Studies'', (33:1): 19–35
* Rolls, M. (2010). "Reading ''Walkabout'' in the 1930s", ''Australian Studies'', 2.
* Rolls, Mitchell & Johnston, Anna, 1972-, (co-author.) (2016). ''Travelling home, Walkabout magazine and mid-twentieth-century Australia'', London; New York: Anthem Press
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References

External links

*Scanned copies o
''Walkabout'' (1934–1978)
can be viewed at Trove
*
Travelling home, Walkabout magazine and mid-twentieth-century Australia
', 2016 book.
*
"Offensively Australian": Walkabout and Middlebrow Writers, 1927-1969
', 2014 thesis.

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1934 establishments in Australia
1974 disestablishments in Australia
Monthly magazines published in Australia
News magazines published in Australia
Defunct magazines published in Australia
Geographic magazines
Magazines established in 1934
Magazines disestablished in 1974
Tourism magazines