Count Włodzimierz Czacki (, 16 April 1834 – 8 March 1888) was a Polish prelate of the
Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
who spent his career in the
Roman Curia. He was created a
cardinal
Cardinal or The Cardinal may refer to:
Animals
* Cardinal (bird) or Cardinalidae, a family of North and South American birds
**''Cardinalis'', genus of cardinal in the family Cardinalidae
**''Cardinalis cardinalis'', or northern cardinal, the ...
in 1882.
Biography
Włodzimierz Czacki was born in
Lutsk
Lutsk ( uk, Луцьк, translit=Lutsk}, ; pl, Łuck ; yi, לוצק, Lutzk) is a city on the Styr River in northwestern Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Volyn Oblast (province) and the administrative center of the surrounding Luts ...
(
Volhynia governorate
Volhynian Governorate or Volyn Governorate (russian: Волы́нская губе́рния, translit=Volynskaja gubernija, uk, Волинська губернія, translit=Volynska huberniia) was an administrative-territorial unit initially ...
,
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...
), today in
Ukraine
Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...
, on 16 April 1834. His family belonged to the nobility and he had the title count. He went to Rome at age 17 and, except for a few years as a diplomat in Paris, spent the rest of his life there.
He was ordained a priest on 30 November 1867 by
Alessandro Franchi Alessandro Franchi may refer to:
* Alessandro Franchi (cardinal) (1819–1878), Italian cardinal and archbishop
* Alessandro Franchi (painter)
Alessandro Franchi (15 March 1838, in Prato – 29 April 1914, in Siena) was an Italian painter. He ...
secretary of the
Congregation of Bishops and Regulars The Congregation of Bishops and Regulars () was a department of the Roman Curia that, beginning in the late 16th century, managed the diocesan bishops and those individuals, both male and female, and establishments associated with religious orders. ...
.
He served as Secretary to
Pope Pius IX
Pope Pius IX ( it, Pio IX, ''Pio Nono''; born Giovanni Maria Mastai Ferretti; 13 May 1792 – 7 February 1878) was head of the Catholic Church from 1846 to 1878, the longest verified papal reign. He was notable for convoking the First Vatican ...
.
He was appointed secretary of the
Sacred Congregation of Studies. He served as a Consultor at the
First Vatican Council
The First Ecumenical Council of the Vatican, commonly known as the First Vatican Council or Vatican I was convoked by Pope Pius IX on 29 June 1868, after a period of planning and preparation that began on 6 December 1864. This, the twentieth ecu ...
. He was named domestic prelate of his holiness in 1871.
He was appointed Secretary of the Congregation of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs on 15 March 1877. He worked in the completion of the policies dealing with the
Kulturkampf
(, 'culture struggle') was the conflict that took place from 1872 to 1878 between the Catholic Church led by Pope Pius IX and the government of Prussia led by Otto von Bismarck. The main issues were clerical control of education and ecclesiastic ...
in 1878. He was decorated with the Order of Carlos III, ca. 1879. He was admitted to the Sovereign Order of Malta, as bailiff grand cross of magistral grace, on 31 March 1879.
He was appointed
titular archbishop
A titular bishop in various churches is a bishop who is not in charge of a diocese.
By definition, a bishop is an "overseer" of a community of the faithful, so when a priest is ordained a bishop, the tradition of the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox an ...
of
Salamis on 12 August 1879. He was consecrated a bishop on 17 August 1879 by Cardinal
Flavio Chigi.
He was appointed
Apostolic Nuncio to France
The Apostolic Nunciature to France is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in France. It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
History of the Nunciatu ...
on 19 September 1879; prevented the rupture of the Concordat between the Holy See and the French government and avoided the liquidation of certain religious orders.
He was made a cardinal of the order of cardinal priests on 25 September 1882 by
Pope Leo XIII
Pope Leo XIII ( it, Leone XIII; born Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci; 2 March 1810 – 20 July 1903) was the head of the Catholic Church from 20 February 1878 to his death in July 1903. Living until the age of 93, he was the second-old ...
. Pope Leo gave him his red
galero
A (plural: ; from la, galērum, originally connotating a helmet made of skins; cf. '' galea'') is a broad-brimmed hat with tasselated strings which was worn by clergy in the Catholic Church. Over the centuries, the red ''galero'' was restricte ...
and assigned his the titular church of
Santa Pudenziana
Santa Pudenziana is a church of Rome, a basilica built in the 4th century and dedicated to Saint Pudentiana, sister of Praxedes and daughter of Pudens (mentioned by Paul the Apostle in ''2 Timothy'', 4: 21). It is one of the national churches i ...
on 15 March 1883.
He died in Rome on 8 March 1888 and was buried in the
Campo Verano
The Campo Verano (Italian: ''Cimitero del Verano'') is a cemetery in Rome, Italy, founded in the early 19th century. The monumental cemetery is currently divided into sections: the Jewish cemetery, the Catholic cemetery, and the monument to the ...
cemetery.
References
;Additional sources
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External links
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Czacki, Wlodzimierz
1834 births
1888 deaths
People from Lutsk
Polish Roman Catholic titular archbishops
19th-century Polish cardinals
Apostolic Nuncios to France
Officials of the Roman Curia
Expatriates from the Russian Empire in Italy
Cardinals created by Pope Leo XIII
Włodzimierz
Counts of Poland