Winchester College is a
public school (fee-charging
independent
Independent or Independents may refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media Artist groups
* Independents (artist group), a group of modernist painters based in the New Hope, Pennsylvania, area of the United States during the early 1930s
* Independe ...
day
A day is the time period of a full rotation of the Earth with respect to the Sun. On average, this is 24 hours, 1440 minutes, or 86,400 seconds. In everyday life, the word "day" often refers to a solar day, which is the length between two ...
and
boarding school
A boarding school is a school where pupils live within premises while being given formal instruction. The word "boarding" is used in the sense of " room and board", i.e. lodging and meals. As they have existed for many centuries, and now exte ...
) in
Winchester, Hampshire
Winchester is a cathedral city in Hampshire, England. The city lies at the heart of the wider City of Winchester, a local government district, at the western end of the South Downs National Park, on the River Itchen. It is south-west of Londo ...
, England. It was founded by
William of Wykeham
William of Wykeham (; 1320 or 1324 – 27 September 1404) was Bishop of Winchester and Chancellor of England. He founded New College, Oxford, and New College School in 1379, and founded Winchester College in 1382. He was also the clerk of wor ...
in 1382 and has existed in its present location ever since. It is the oldest of the nine schools considered by the
Clarendon Commission
The Clarendon Commission was a royal commission established in 1861 to investigate the state of nine leading schools in England, in the wake of complaints about the finances, buildings, and management of Eton College. It was chaired by the 4th ...
. The school is currently undergoing a transition to become
co-educational
Mixed-sex education, also known as mixed-gender education, co-education, or coeducation (abbreviated to co-ed or coed), is a system of education where males and females are educated together. Whereas single-sex education was more common up to t ...
and to accept day pupils, having previously been a
boys' boarding school
A boarding school is a school where pupils live within premises while being given formal instruction. The word "boarding" is used in the sense of " room and board", i.e. lodging and meals. As they have existed for many centuries, and now exte ...
for over 600 years.
The school was founded to provide an education for 70 scholars. Gradually numbers rose, a choir of 16 "quiristers" being added alongside paying pupils known as "commoners". Numbers expanded greatly in the 1860s with the addition of ten boarding houses. The scholars continue to live in the school's medieval buildings, which consist of two courtyards, a chapel, and a cloisters. A
Wren
Wrens are a family of brown passerine birds in the predominantly New World family Troglodytidae. The family includes 88 species divided into 19 genera. Only the Eurasian wren occurs in the Old World, where, in Anglophone regions, it is commonl ...
-style classroom building named "School" was added in the 17th century. An art school ("museum"), science school, and music school were added at the turn of the 20th century. A
war cloister was built as a memorial in 1924.
The school has maintained traditions including its mascot,
the Trusty Servant
The Trusty Servant is an emblematic figure in a painting at Winchester College and the name of the college's alumni magazine.
The wall-painting called ''The Trusty Servant'' was painted by John Hoskins in 1579. It was reworked by William Cave i ...
; a set of "
notions" forming a sort of private language; and a school song, ''Domum''. Its headmasters have included the bishops
William Waynflete
William Waynflete (11 August 1486), born William Patten, was Provost of Eton College (1442–1447), Bishop of Winchester (1447–1486) and Lord Chancellor of England (1456–1460). He founded Magdalen College, Oxford and three subsidiary scho ...
in the 15th century and
George Ridding
George Ridding (16 March 1828 – 30 August 1904) was an English headmaster and bishop.
Life
He was born at Winchester College, of which his father, the Rev. Charles Ridding, vicar of Andover, was a fellow.
He was educated at Winchester ...
in the 19th century. Former pupils are known as
Old Wykehamists.
History
![Richard II founding charter for Winchester College 1382](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Richard_II_founding_charter_for_Winchester_College_1382.jpg)
Winchester College was founded in 1382 by
William of Wykeham
William of Wykeham (; 1320 or 1324 – 27 September 1404) was Bishop of Winchester and Chancellor of England. He founded New College, Oxford, and New College School in 1379, and founded Winchester College in 1382. He was also the clerk of wor ...
,
Bishop of Winchester
The Bishop of Winchester is the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Winchester in the Church of England. The bishop's seat (''cathedra'') is at Winchester Cathedral in Hampshire. The Bishop of Winchester has always held ''ex officio'' (except ...
and Chancellor to both
Edward III
Edward III (13 November 1312 – 21 June 1377), also known as Edward of Windsor before his accession, was King of England and Lord of Ireland from January 1327 until his death in 1377. He is noted for his military success and for restoring r ...
and
Richard II
Richard II (6 January 1367 – ), also known as Richard of Bordeaux, was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399. He was the son of Edward the Black Prince, Prince of Wales, and Joan, Countess of Kent. Richard's father ...
, and the first 70 poor scholars entered the school in 1394.
In the early 15th century the specific requirement was that scholars come from families where the income was less than five marks sterling (£3 6s 8d) ''per annum''; in comparison, the contemporary reasonable living for a
yeoman
Yeoman is a noun originally referring either to one who owns and cultivates land or to the middle ranks of servants in an English royal or noble household. The term was first documented in mid-14th-century England. The 14th century also witn ...
was £5 ''per annum''. It was founded in conjunction with
New College, Oxford
New College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. Founded in 1379 by William of Wykeham in conjunction with Winchester College as its feeder school, New College is one of the oldest colleges at ...
, for which it was designed to act as a feeder:
the buildings of both colleges were designed by master mason
William Wynford
William Wynford or William of Wynford (flourished 1360–1405) was one of the most successful English master masons of the 14th century, using the new Perpendicular Gothic style.
Life and career
He is first mentioned in 1360 when at work at Winds ...
. This double foundation was the model for
Eton College
Eton College () is a Public school (United Kingdom), public school in Eton, Berkshire, England. It was founded in 1440 by Henry VI of England, Henry VI under the name ''Kynge's College of Our Ladye of Eton besyde Windesore'',Nevill, p. 3 ff. i ...
and
King's College, Cambridge
King's College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. Formally The King's College of Our Lady and Saint Nicholas in Cambridge, the college lies beside the River Cam and faces out onto King's Parade in the centre of the cit ...
, some 50 years later.
At first only a small number of pupils other than scholars were admitted; by the 15th century the school had around 100 pupils in total, nominally the 70 scholars, 16 choirboys known as "quiristers", and the rest "commoners". Demand for places for commoners was high, and though at first restricted, numbers gradually rose.
From the 1860s, ten boarding houses, each for up to sixty pupils, were added, greatly increasing the school's capacity. By 2020, the number of pupils had risen to 690.
According to its 1382 charter and final statutes (1400), the school is called in
Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through ...
("St Mary's College, near Winchester"), or ("The College of the Blessed Mary of Winchester, near Winchester").
Buildings
The college consists of an assemblage of buildings from medieval times to the present day. There are 94
listed building
In the United Kingdom, a listed building or listed structure is one that has been placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, Historic Environment Scotland in Scotland, in Wales, and the Northern I ...
s, set in grounds of some 250 acres, of which 100 acres are water meadows, 52 acres are playing fields, and 11 acres are formal gardens; the area includes
St Catherine's Hill.
The medieval buildings, representing most of the original foundation from the school's opening in 1394, include Outer Gate and Outer Court, Chamber Court, the chapel, and the Cloisters. These are built in flint with limestone facings and slate roofs.
The chapel retains its original wooden fan-vaulted ceiling, designed by Hugh Herland, carpenter to
Richard II
Richard II (6 January 1367 – ), also known as Richard of Bordeaux, was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399. He was the son of Edward the Black Prince, Prince of Wales, and Joan, Countess of Kent. Richard's father ...
. Little of the original medieval glass, designed by
Thomas Glazier
Thomas Glazier of Oxford ( fl. 1386-1427) was a master glazier active in England during the late 14th and early 15th century; he is one of the earliest identifiable stained glass artists, and is considered a leading proponent of the International G ...
, survives, as it was scattered in the 1820s, but some is now housed in Thurburn's Chantry, at the back of the chapel, and in Fromond's Chantry, inside the Cloisters.
The "School" building was constructed in 1683–1687 in
Wren style,
with a statue of the founder above the door by
C. G. Cibber.
[ (3 pages) partly consisting of text from ] The school was greatly extended in the 19th century with the addition of boarding houses for "commoners", paying pupils, as opposed to the scholars who continued to live in the medieval College. At the turn of the 20th century, a Music School, "Museum" (art school), and Science School, all architect-designed, were added.
A hall big enough for the enlarged school, New Hall, was opened in 1961, accommodating the oak panelling removed from the Chapel in the 1874 refurbishment. In 1924, a
War Cloister was constructed; it now serves as a memorial of the Wykehamists killed in the two World Wars.
File:Winchester College courtyard and learned duck - geograph.org.uk - 45847.jpg, Medieval architecture: Chamber Court, 1394, looking through Middle Gate to Outer Court and Outer Gate
File:Winchester_College_Chapel.jpg, Chapel, 1394
File:Winchester College School building.jpg, School in Wren style, 1683–1687
File:Sergeant's House on Romans Road.jpg, Sergeant's House by G. E. Street
George Edmund Street (20 June 1824 – 18 December 1881), also known as G. E. Street, was an English architect, born at Woodford in Essex. Stylistically, Street was a leading practitioner of the Victorian Gothic Revival. Though mainly an eccle ...
, 1869
File:Winchester College Science School.jpg, Science School by Henry Hill, 1904
Winchester College War Cloister from eastern entrance.jpg, War Cloister by Herbert Baker
Sir Herbert Baker (9 June 1862 – 4 February 1946) was an English architect remembered as the dominant force in South African architecture for two decades, and a major designer of some of New Delhi's most notable government structures. He wa ...
, 1924
Accommodation
College
The seventy
scholars
A scholar is a person who pursues academic and intellectual activities, particularly academics who apply their intellectualism into expertise in an area of study. A scholar can also be an academic, who works as a professor, teacher, or researche ...
live in the original buildings, known as "College". The scholars are known as "Collegemen", and the schoolmaster in charge of them is called the Master in College. Collegemen wear black gowns, following the founding traditions of the school. Collegemen enjoy certain privileges compared to the Commoners, such as having open fires and being allowed to walk across Meads, the field outside School.
Boarding houses
Every pupil at Winchester, apart from the Scholars, lives in a
boarding house, chosen or allocated when applying to Winchester. It is here that he studies, eats and sleeps. Each house is presided over by a housemaster (who takes on the role in addition to teaching duties), assisted by house tutors. Houses compete against each other in school sports. Each house has an official name, usually based on the family name of the first housemaster, which is used mainly as a postal address. Each house also has an informal name, usually based on the name or nickname of an early housemaster. Each house also has a letter, in the order of their founding, to act as an abbreviation, especially on laundry tags. A member of a house is described by the informal name of the house with "-ite" suffixed, as "a Furleyite", "a Toyeite", "a Cookite" and so on. College does not have an informal name, although the abbreviation ''Coll'' is sometimes used; "X" (meaning, not one of the boarding houses) was originally used only on laundry tags.
Academic
Admission
Winchester has its own entrance examination, and does not use
Common Entrance
Common Entrance Examinations (commonly known as CE) are taken by independent school pupils in the UK as part of the selective admissions process at age 13, though ten independent schools do select at 11 using different test papers. They are set ...
like other major
public schools. Those wishing to enter a Commoner House make their arrangements with the relevant housemaster some two years before sitting the exam, usually sitting a test set by the housemaster and an interview. Those applying to College do not take the normal entrance examination but instead sit a separate, harder, exam called "Election": successful candidates may obtain, according to their performance, a scholarship, an
exhibition
An exhibition, in the most general sense, is an organized presentation and display of a selection of items. In practice, exhibitions usually occur within a cultural or educational setting such as a museum, art gallery, park, library, exhibitio ...
or a Headmaster's nomination to join a Commoner House. Admission to College was historically coupled to remission of fees, but this has ceased; instead,
means-tested bursaries of from 5% to 100% of the school fee are provided, according to need. From 2022, Winchester is admitting girls into the 6th form (year 12) as day pupils, with girls boarding from 2024. For 2022/23, the fee is £45,936 per annum (£15,312 per term) for boarding pupils and £33,990 per annum (£11,330 per term) for day pupils.
Structure
In addition to normal lessons, all boys throughout the school are required to attend a class called Division (known as "Div") which explores parts of history, literature, and politics that do not lead to external examinations; its purpose is to ensure a broad education.
From year 9, pupils study for at least nine
GCSE
The General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) is an academic qualification in a particular subject, taken in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. State schools in Scotland use the Scottish Qualifications Certificate instead. Private sc ...
and
IGCSE
The International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE) is an English language based examination similar to GCSE and is recognised in the United Kingdom as being equivalent to the GCSE for the purposes of recognising prior attain ...
s. Every pupil studies English, mathematics, Latin, French or German, and at least two sciences at this level, as well as "Div". Pupils then study three
A-level
The A-Level (Advanced Level) is a subject-based qualification conferred as part of the General Certificate of Education, as well as a school leaving qualification offered by the educational bodies in the United Kingdom and the educational au ...
s, "Div", and an
Extended Project Qualification
An Extended Project Qualification (EPQ) is a qualification taken by some students in England and Wales, which is equivalent to 50% of an A level. They are part of level three of the National Qualifications Framework. It is currently graded A*-E.
...
.
Results
Winchester College is particularly known for its academic rigour.
At A-Level, 41.7% of grades achieved were graded A*, and 76.3% of grades achieved were graded A* or A in 2022. 80.3% of GCSEs were graded 8 or 9 (A* equivalent), and 91.2% of grades achieved were graded 7, 8 or 9 (A*/A equivalent). Between 2010 and 2018, an average of 33% of leavers obtained places at
Oxford
Oxford () is a city in England. It is the county town and only city of Oxfordshire. In 2020, its population was estimated at 151,584. It is north-west of London, south-east of Birmingham and north-east of Bristol. The city is home to the ...
or
Cambridge
Cambridge ( ) is a university city and the county town in Cambridgeshire, England. It is located on the River Cam approximately north of London. As of the 2021 United Kingdom census, the population of Cambridge was 145,700. Cambridge bec ...
.
Activities
Sport
![A hot in WinCoFo](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/A_hot_in_WinCoFo.jpg)
Winchester College has its own game,
Winchester College football
Winchester College football, known as Winkies, is a code of football played at Winchester College. It is akin to the Eton Field and Wall Games and Harrow Football in that it enjoys a large following from Old Wykehamists but is not played outs ...
(also known as "Win: Co: Fo:" or "Winkies"), played only at Winchester.
It is played in the spring term with a competition between the school's houses; it is largely managed by the boys.
A distinctive Winchester version of
Fives
Fives is an English sport believed to derive from the same origins as many racquet sports. In fives, a ball is propelled against the walls of a 3- or 4-sided special court, using a gloved or bare hand as though it were a racquet, similar to ...
resembles
Rugby Fives
Rugby Fives is a handball game, similar to squash, played in an enclosed court. It has similarities with Winchester Fives (a form of Wessex Fives) and Eton Fives. It is played mainly in the United Kingdom.
It is most commonly believed to be ...
but with a buttress on the court. The buttress enables a skilful player to cause the ball to ricochet in an unexpected direction.
![Winchester College Boat Club - geograph](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Winchester_College_Boat_Club_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1338845.jpg)
The school has an active
rowing
Rowing is the act of propelling a human-powered watercraft using the sweeping motions of oars to displace water and generate reactional propulsion. Rowing is functionally similar to paddling, but rowing requires oars to be mechanically ...
club called the Winchester College Boat Club which is based on the
River Itchen. The club is affiliated to
British Rowing
British Rowing, formerly the Amateur Rowing Association (ARA), is the national governing body for the sport of rowing (both indoor and on-water rowing). It is responsible for the training and selection of individual rowers and crews representi ...
(boat code WIN) and was twice winner of the
Princess Elizabeth Challenge Cup
The Princess Elizabeth Challenge Cup is a rowing event at Henley Royal Regatta open to school 1st VIIIs.
History
The event was instituted in 1946 for public schools in the United Kingdom. It was opened to entries from overseas in 1964, and th ...
(in 1949 and 1954) at the
Henley Royal Regatta
Henley Royal Regatta (or Henley Regatta, its original name pre-dating Royal patronage) is a rowing event held annually on the River Thames by the town of Henley-on-Thames, England. It was established on 26 March 1839. It differs from the thr ...
.
Rivalry - particularly sporting - between Winchester and
Eton has existed for centuries.
Combined Cadet Force
Pupils of the school in their second year are currently required to serve in the college's
Combined Cadet Force
The Combined Cadet Force (CCF) is a youth organisation in the United Kingdom, sponsored by the Ministry of Defence (MOD), which operates in schools, and normally includes Army, Royal Navy and Royal Air Force sections. Its aim is to "provide a ...
.
The organisation was founded in 1860 as "The Winchester College Rifle Volunteer Corps" by various boys in their top year as a result of the perceived threat of
Napoleon III
Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 18089 January 1873) was the first President of France (as Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte) from 1848 to 1852 and the last monarch of France as Emperor of the French from 1852 to 1870. A nephew ...
after the
Orsini plot, and remained entirely autonomous until it was taken over by the Second Master in 1868. It was enrolled as a Cadet Corps in the 1st Hants Volunteer Battalion. In 1908, the Officer Training Corps was established, and by 1914, through the request of the
War Office
The War Office was a department of the British Government responsible for the administration of the British Army between 1857 and 1964, when its functions were transferred to the new Ministry of Defence (MoD). This article contains text from ...
that Senior Cadets be given appropriate training for the war effort, almost every student became involved in the Corps, though it was never explicitly compulsory. In the Second World War, it was renamed as "The Junior Training Corps", though its function was still to prepare boys for Officer responsibilities.
Montgomery remarked on inspecting the Corps in 1946 that there was "latent leadership in all ranks". In 1948, the "Junior Training Corps" became known as the "Combined Cadet Force" (CCF) which incorporated
RAF
The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the United Kingdom's air and space force. It was formed towards the end of the First World War on 1 April 1918, becoming the first independent air force in the world, by regrouping the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) and ...
and
RN sections. In 1963, "Alternative Service Activities" were introduced for boys who did not want to join the CCF. Pupils were made eligible to opt out of the CCF at the end of their second year after starting at the beginning of the year: this is still the school's policy.
Traditions
''The Trusty Servant'': the School Mascot
![Winchester Trusty Servant 2](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Winchester_Trusty_Servant_2.jpg)
The Trusty Servant is an emblematic figure in a painting at Winchester College, that serves as the school's unofficial mascot and the name of its alumni magazine. A painting of ''The Trusty Servant'' and accompanying verses both devised by the poet
John Hoskins in 1579 hangs outside the college kitchen. The current version was painted by William Cave the Younger in 1809. The painting depicts a mythical creature with the body of a man, the head of a pig, with its snout closed with a padlock, the ears of an ass, the feet of a stag, and tools in his left hand. The verses are on the virtues that pupils of the college were supposed to have. The college arms are shown in the background of the painting.
''Notions'': the School Language
A ''notion'' is a specialised term peculiar to Winchester College. The word notion is also used to describe traditions unique to the school. An example of a notion is "toytime", meaning homework, from the notion "toys", a wooden cubicle that serves as a pupil's workspace in a communal room, known as "mugging hall" in Commoner Houses or a "chamber" in College.
''Manners makyth man'': the School Motto
Since the foundation, Winchester College has had numerous words and phrases directly associated with it, including its motto, its graces, and a prayer. A grace is read before and after every lunch and formal meal in College Hall. Two separate graces are traditionally sung during Election, the scholarship process.
''Manners makyth man''
– Motto of Winchester College,
New College, Oxford
New College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. Founded in 1379 by William of Wykeham in conjunction with Winchester College as its feeder school, New College is one of the oldest colleges at ...
, and the founder of the two colleges,
William of Wykeham
William of Wykeham (; 1320 or 1324 – 27 September 1404) was Bishop of Winchester and Chancellor of England. He founded New College, Oxford, and New College School in 1379, and founded Winchester College in 1382. He was also the clerk of wor ...
The Latin grace before meals in College goes:
The Latin grace after meals in College goes:
''Domum'': the School Song
The school song is entitled "Domum" and is sung at the end of the summer term, known as Cloister Time. The origin of the song is unknown; it was described as "an old tradition" in the 1773 ''History and Antiquities of Winchester''.
The traditional tune was composed by
John Reading.
A new tune, by
Malcolm Archer
Malcolm Archer (born 1952) is an English composer, conductor and organist. He combines this work with a recital career. Archer was formerly Organist and Director of Music at Bristol Cathedral, Wells Cathedral and at St Paul's Cathedral and Di ...
, was officially adopted by the school in about 2007.
According to legend, the text was written in the 17th century by a pupil who was confined for misconduct during the
Whitsun
Whitsun (also Whitsunday or Whit Sunday) is the name used in Britain, and other countries among Anglicans and Methodists, for the Christian High Holy Day of Pentecost. It is the seventh Sunday after Easter, which commemorates the descent of the ...
holidays. (In one account, he was tied to a pillar.) It is said that he carved the words on the bark of a tree, which was thereafter called "Domum Tree", and cast himself into Logie (the river running through the school grounds).
There is still a "Domum Cottage" in that area. The author of the text apparently wrongly treated ''domum'' as a neuter noun.
A "Domum Dinner" is held at the end of the summer term for leavers. It was formerly restricted to those former scholars of Winchester who were also scholars of New College, and distinguished guests. Until the reforms of the 19th century, there were three successive Election Dinners held during Election Week, culminating in a Domum Ball. Originally these festivities occurred around
Whitsun
Whitsun (also Whitsunday or Whit Sunday) is the name used in Britain, and other countries among Anglicans and Methodists, for the Christian High Holy Day of Pentecost. It is the seventh Sunday after Easter, which commemorates the descent of the ...
, as suggested by references in the song to early summer such as "See the year, the meadow, smiling" and "Now the swallow seeks her dwelling".
[
]
Southern Railway V (''Schools'') Class Locomotive No. 901
As with other prominent public schools, a locomotive of the Southern Railway V Class was named after Winchester College. The second of the class, No. 901 ''Winchester'' was constructed by Southern at the nearby Eastleigh Works
Eastleigh Works is a locomotive, carriage and wagon building and repair facility in the town of Eastleigh, in the county of Hampshire in England.
History
LSWR
The London and South Western Railway (LSWR) opened a carriage and wagon works at Ea ...
; it entered service in 1930. It was selected by the railway's new chief mechanical engineer Oliver Bulleid
Oliver Vaughan Snell Bulleid CBE (19 September 1882 – 25 April 1970) was a British railway and mechanical engineer best known as the Chief Mechanical Engineer (CME) of the Southern Railway between 1937 and the 1948 nationalisation, d ...
for rebuilding with a Lemaître multiple-jet blastpipe and wide-diameter chimney from 1939 onwards. Upon passing into British Railways ownership in 1948, it was renumbered 30901. It was withdrawn from service in 1962.
Headmasters
The headmasters of Winchester College from the 14th century onwards are:
File:WilliamWaynflete.jpg, William Waynflete
William Waynflete (11 August 1486), born William Patten, was Provost of Eton College (1442–1447), Bishop of Winchester (1447–1486) and Lord Chancellor of England (1456–1460). He founded Magdalen College, Oxford and three subsidiary scho ...
(Headmaster 1430 to 1441)
File:Bp George Moberly.jpg, George Moberly
George Moberly (10 October 1803 – 6 July 1885) was an English cleric who was headmaster of Winchester College, and then served as Bishop of Salisbury from 1869 until his death.
Life
He was born in St Petersburg, Russia in 1803, the seventh s ...
, 1870
File:George Ridding.png, George Ridding
George Ridding (16 March 1828 – 30 August 1904) was an English headmaster and bishop.
Life
He was born at Winchester College, of which his father, the Rev. Charles Ridding, vicar of Andover, was a fellow.
He was educated at Winchester ...
by Leslie Ward
Sir Leslie Matthew Ward (21 November 1851 – 15 May 1922) was a British portrait artist and caricaturist who over four decades painted 1,325 portraits which were regularly published by ''Vanity Fair (British magazine), Vanity Fair'', under th ...
, 1901
Former pupils
Current pupils of Winchester College are known as Wykehamists, in memory of the school's founder, William of Wykeham; former pupils are known as Old Wykehamists, or amongst themselves as Old Woks.
Fictional Old Wykehamists
Winchester College appears in fiction both as a school and as fictional Old Wykehamists, people who had been to the school. At least 50 fictional Old Wykehamists have appeared in novels, sometimes following the stereotype of the dull civil ser ...
appear in over 50 novels, starting with Tobias Smollett
Tobias George Smollett (baptised 19 March 1721 – 17 September 1771) was a Scottish poet and author. He was best known for picaresque novels such as '' The Adventures of Roderick Random'' (1748), '' The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle'' (1751 ...
's eponymous Peregrine Pickle
Peregrine, Latin ''Peregrinus'', is a name originally meaning "one from abroad", that is, a foreigner, traveller, or pilgrim. It may refer to:
* Peregrine falcon, a bird of prey
People
Peregrine
* Peregrine (martyr) (died 182 AD), Roman Catholic ...
in 1751.
Controversy
The "Tunding Row"
In 1872, under the headmaster George Ridding
George Ridding (16 March 1828 – 30 August 1904) was an English headmaster and bishop.
Life
He was born at Winchester College, of which his father, the Rev. Charles Ridding, vicar of Andover, was a fellow.
He was educated at Winchester ...
, "tunding", beatings given by a prefect (a senior pupil), using a ground-ash across the shoulders, were still permitted. The matter became a national scandal, known as "the Tunding Row", when "an overzealous Senior Commoner Prefect" beat a pupil for refusing to attend a notions test. Ridding made matters worse by trying to defend the action. He eventually limited the prefects' power to beat, and forbade notions tests as a "disgraceful innovation".
Bash camps
The college knew in 1982 of allegations of sadomasochistic abuse of boys and young men attending summer camps run by the Iwerne Trust
The Titus Trust, a registered charity in the UK, is the successor organisation to Iwerne Trust. It runs evangelical Christian holiday camps for children and young people at independent schools. The camps provide adventure activities including ka ...
in the 1970s, "to ensure that future members of the establishment were committed Christians". These were known as "Bash camps" after the nickname of their founder, E. J. H. Nash. Neither the college nor the Trust reported these bare-buttocks beatings to the police. The perpetrator, John Smyth QC, now deceased, was warned off and moved to Zimbabwe and then South Africa where abuse continued. An independent review into the abuse, commissioned by the college, was published in January 2022.
Price-fixing
In 2005, Winchester College was one of fifty of the country's leading independent schools found guilty of running an unlawful price-fixing
Price fixing is an anticompetitive agreement between participants on the same side in a market to buy or sell a product, service, or commodity only at a fixed price, or maintain the market conditions such that the price is maintained at a given ...
cartel by the Office of Fair Trading.he Schools Competition Act Settlement Trust
He or HE may refer to:
Language
* He (pronoun), an English pronoun
* He (kana), the romanization of the Japanese kana へ
* He (letter), the fifth letter of many Semitic alphabets
* He (Cyrillic), a letter of the Cyrillic script called ''He'' ...
/ref> As a penalty, the schools paid for a trust fund to benefit the affected pupils. Winchester College, like Eton, received a fifty percent reduction in its penalty in return for its full cooperation.[ ]
Examination fraud
In 2017 Winchester College suspended a member of the staff for providing students with information about questions on an upcoming public exam. The headmaster of Winchester confirmed that the school had treated the matter "very seriously" and that no boy was responsible for the "exam irregularity". The information was widely distributed, resulting in their papers being disallowed.
See also
* New College School
* Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 80 Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 80 (P. Oxy. 80) is a police report, written in Greek. The manuscript was written between A.D. 238 and 234 on a sheet of papyrus, 168 by 70 mm. It was discovered at the site of ancient Oxyrhynchus by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897, a ...
References
Further reading
* Adams, Henry C.,
Wykehamica: A History of Winchester College
', Oxford, London and Winchester: James Parker, 1878
* Cook, Arthur K.; Mathew, Robert,
About Winchester College
', London: Macmillan, 1917
* Custance, Roger, (ed.), ''Winchester College: Sixth Centenary Essays'', Oxford: Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the university press of the University of Oxford. It is the largest university press in the world, and its printing history dates back to the 1480s. Having been officially granted the legal right to print books ...
, 1982
* Dilke, Christopher, ''Dr Moberly's Mint-Mark: A Study of Winchester College'', London: Heinemann, 1965
* Fearon, William A., ''The Passing of Old Winchester'': Winchester: Winchester College, 1924
* Firth, J. D'E., ''Winchester College'', Winchester: Winchester Publications, 1949
* Kirby, T. F., ''Annals of Winchester College'', London and Winchester: Henry Frowde, 1892
* Leach, Arthur F.,
A History of Winchester College
', London: Duckworth Duckworth may refer to:
* Duckworth (surname), people with the surname ''Duckworth''
* Duckworth (''DuckTales''), fictional butler from the television series ''DuckTales''
* Duckworth Books, a British publishing house
* , a frigate
* Duckworth, W ...
, 1899
Review
* Mansfield, Robert,
School Life at Winchester College
', London: John Camden Hotten, 1866
* Rich, Edward J. G. H.,
Recollections of the Two St. Mary Winton Colleges
', Walsall and London: Edward Rich, 1883
*
* Stevens, Charles, ''Winchester Notions: The English Dialect of Winchester College'', London: Athlone Press
Continuum International Publishing Group was an academic publisher of books with editorial offices in London and New York City. It was purchased by Nova Capital Management in 2005. In July 2011, it was taken over by Bloomsbury Publishing. , al ...
, 1998
* Tuckwell, William,
The Ancient Ways: Winchester Fifty Years Ago
', London: Macmillan, 1893
*
* Walcott, Mackenzie E. C.,
William of Wykeham and his Colleges
', London: David Nutt, 1852
* Wordsworth, Charles,
The College of St Mary Winton near Winchester
', Oxford and London: J. H. Parker, 1848
External links
*
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1382 establishments in England
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College
A college (Latin: ''collegium'') is an educational institution or a constituent part of one. A college may be a degree-awarding tertiary educational institution, a part of a collegiate or federal university, an institution offerin ...