Wyeomyia Celaenocephala
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Wyeomyia is a
genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of
mosquito Mosquitoes (or mosquitos) are members of a group of almost 3,600 species of small flies within the family Culicidae (from the Latin ''culex'' meaning " gnat"). The word "mosquito" (formed by ''mosca'' and diminutive ''-ito'') is Spanish for "li ...
es first described in 1901 by
Frederick Vincent Theobald Frederick Vincent Theobald FES (15 May 1868 – 6 March 1930) was an English entomologist and "distinguished authority on mosquitoes". During his career, he was responsible for the economic zoology section of the Natural History ...
.Mosquito Taxonomic Inventory: ''Wyeomyia Theobald, 1901'', http://mosquito-taxonomic-inventory.info/simpletaxonomy/term/6251, accessed August 5, 2017. The
genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
's 140
species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...
can be difficult to characterize because of their diversity and the need for additional taxonomic work to further delineate them. Adults resemble genus '' Limatus'' and '' Sabethes '' mosquitoes more closely than other genera in the
New World The term ''New World'' is often used to mean the majority of Earth's Western Hemisphere, specifically the Americas."America." ''The Oxford Companion to the English Language'' (). McArthur, Tom, ed., 1992. New York: Oxford University Press, p. 3 ...
tribe Sabethini, but differ by their scutal scales ranging in color from a relatively dull bronzy with a slight metallic sheen in most species, to a metallic gold. There are other distinguishing characters as well.
Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit The Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit ("WRBU") is a US Army organization that conducts laboratory and field research on the systematics of medically important arthropods in support of epidemiological investigations and disease prevention and control ...
: "Culicidae » Culicinae » Sabethini » ''Wyeomyia''" in ''Systematic Catalog of Culicidae'', http://www.wrbu.org/mqID/mq_gnra/wyeomyia.htm, accessed August 5, 2017.Robin McLeod with additional contributions by V. Belov: Genus ''Wyeomyia'', ''Bugguide'', http://bugguide.net/node/view/38485, last updated 11 October 2011, last accessed August 5, 2017.


Distribution

''Wyeomyia'' mosquitoes are predominantly
neotropical The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone. Definition In bioge ...
, ranging across the
Caribbean The Caribbean (, ) ( es, El Caribe; french: la Caraïbe; ht, Karayib; nl, De Caraïben) is a region of the Americas that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Se ...
into
Florida Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, and to ...
, with one species occurring in eastern
North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...
.
Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit The Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit ("WRBU") is a US Army organization that conducts laboratory and field research on the systematics of medically important arthropods in support of epidemiological investigations and disease prevention and control ...
: "Culicidae » Culicinae » Sabethini » ''Wyeomyia''" in ''Systematic Catalog of Culicidae'', http://www.wrbu.org/mqID/mq_gnra/wyeomyia.htm, accessed August 5, 2017.


Ecology

Most ''Wyeomyia'' mosquitoes are
forest A forest is an area of land dominated by trees. Hundreds of definitions of forest are used throughout the world, incorporating factors such as tree density, tree height, land use, legal standing, and ecological function. The United Nations' ...
-inhabiting, preferring damp environments.
Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit The Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit ("WRBU") is a US Army organization that conducts laboratory and field research on the systematics of medically important arthropods in support of epidemiological investigations and disease prevention and control ...
: "Culicidae » Culicinae » Sabethini » ''Wyeomyia''" in ''Systematic Catalog of Culicidae'', http://www.wrbu.org/mqID/mq_gnra/wyeomyia.htm, accessed August 5, 2017.
Larvae A larva (; plural larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. The ...
develop in small collections of water in
bromeliad The Bromeliaceae (the bromeliads) are a family of monocot flowering plants of about 80 genera and 3700 known species, native mainly to the tropical Americas, with several species found in the American subtropics and one in tropical west Africa, ...
s and
aroid The Araceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in which flowers are borne on a type of inflorescence called a spadix. The spadix is usually accompanied by, and sometimes partially enclosed in, a spathe (or leaf-like bract). Also ...
s, flower bracts, broken
bamboo Bamboos are a diverse group of evergreen perennial flowering plants making up the subfamily Bambusoideae of the grass family Poaceae. Giant bamboos are the largest members of the grass family. The origin of the word "bamboo" is uncertain, bu ...
and
bamboo Bamboos are a diverse group of evergreen perennial flowering plants making up the subfamily Bambusoideae of the grass family Poaceae. Giant bamboos are the largest members of the grass family. The origin of the word "bamboo" is uncertain, bu ...
stumps, tree holes,
pitcher plant Pitcher plants are several different carnivorous plants which have modified leaves known as pitfall traps—a prey-trapping mechanism featuring a deep cavity filled with digestive liquid. The traps of what are considered to be "true" pitcher p ...
s, and sometimes man-made containers.
Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit The Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit ("WRBU") is a US Army organization that conducts laboratory and field research on the systematics of medically important arthropods in support of epidemiological investigations and disease prevention and control ...
: "Culicidae » Culicinae » Sabethini » ''Wyeomyia''" in ''Systematic Catalog of Culicidae'', http://www.wrbu.org/mqID/mq_gnra/wyeomyia.htm, accessed August 5, 2017. They feed on organic matter in the water, including decomposing carcasses of insects and spiders. Some species obtain oxygen directly from the water, rarely, if ever, surfacing. Adults are active during the day, usually near larval habitats.
Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit The Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit ("WRBU") is a US Army organization that conducts laboratory and field research on the systematics of medically important arthropods in support of epidemiological investigations and disease prevention and control ...
: "Culicidae » Culicinae » Sabethini » ''Wyeomyia''" in ''Systematic Catalog of Culicidae'', http://www.wrbu.org/mqID/mq_gnra/wyeomyia.htm, accessed August 5, 2017. Some species are found at characteristic elevations in the forest canopy, with others appearing to be restricted to ground level.
Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit The Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit ("WRBU") is a US Army organization that conducts laboratory and field research on the systematics of medically important arthropods in support of epidemiological investigations and disease prevention and control ...
: "Culicidae » Culicinae » Sabethini » ''Wyeomyia''" in ''Systematic Catalog of Culicidae'', http://www.wrbu.org/mqID/mq_gnra/wyeomyia.htm, accessed August 5, 2017. Most ''Wyeomyia'' species will take
blood meal Blood meal is a dry, inert powder made from blood, used as a high-nitrogen organic fertilizer and a high protein animal feed. N = 13.25%, P = 1.0%, K = 0.6%. It is one of the highest non-synthetic sources of nitrogen. It usually comes from cattle ...
s, and females readily feed on humans who enter their habitat.
Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit The Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit ("WRBU") is a US Army organization that conducts laboratory and field research on the systematics of medically important arthropods in support of epidemiological investigations and disease prevention and control ...
: "Culicidae » Culicinae » Sabethini » ''Wyeomyia''" in ''Systematic Catalog of Culicidae'', http://www.wrbu.org/mqID/mq_gnra/wyeomyia.htm, accessed August 5, 2017. Although
Ilhéus Ilhéus () is a major city located in the southern coastal region of Bahia, Brazil, 211 km south of Salvador, Brazil, Salvador, the state's capital. The city was founded in 1534 as Vila de São Jorge dos Ilhéus and is known as one of the mos ...
,
Venezuelan equine encephalitis Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus is a mosquito-borne viral pathogen that causes Venezuelan equine encephalitis or encephalomyelitis (VEE). VEE can affect all equine species, such as horses, donkeys, and zebras. After infection, equines may ...
and Maguari viruses have been isolated from ''Wyeomyia'' mosquitoes, they are not known to transmit a disease agent to humans.
Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit The Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit ("WRBU") is a US Army organization that conducts laboratory and field research on the systematics of medically important arthropods in support of epidemiological investigations and disease prevention and control ...
: "Culicidae » Culicinae » Sabethini » ''Wyeomyia''" in ''Systematic Catalog of Culicidae'', http://www.wrbu.org/mqID/mq_gnra/wyeomyia.htm, accessed August 5, 2017.


Subgenera

The following subgenera are recognised:
Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit The Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit ("WRBU") is a US Army organization that conducts laboratory and field research on the systematics of medically important arthropods in support of epidemiological investigations and disease prevention and control ...
: "Culicidae » Culicinae » Sabethini » ''Wyeomyia''" in ''Systematic Catalog of Culicidae'', http://www.wrbu.org/mqID/mq_gnra/wyeomyia.htm, accessed August 5, 2017. *''Antunesmyia'' Lane & Cerqueira, 1942 *''Caenomyiella'' Harbach & Peyton, 1990 *''Cruzmyia'' Lane & Cerqueira, 1942 *''Decamyia'' Dyar, 1919 *''Dendromyia''
Theobald Theobald is a Germanic dithematic name, composed from the elements '' theod-'' "people" and ''bald'' "bold". The name arrived in England with the Normans. The name occurs in many spelling variations, including Theudebald, Diepold, Theobalt, Tybal ...
, 1903 *''Dodecamyia'' Dyar, 1918 *''Exallomyia'' Harbach & Peyton, 1992 *''Hystatomyia'' Dyar, 1919 *''Menolepis'' Lutz, 1905 *''Miamyia'' Dyar, 1919 *''
Nunezia ''Nunezia'' is a subgenus of the mosquito genus ''Wyeomyia''.Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit: "Culicidae » Culicinae » Sabethini » ''Wyeomyia'' » Subgenus ''Nunezia'' Dyar" in ''Systematic Catalog of Culicidae'', http://www.mosquitocatalog. ...
'' Dyar, 1928 *''Phoniomyia''
Theobald Theobald is a Germanic dithematic name, composed from the elements '' theod-'' "people" and ''bald'' "bold". The name arrived in England with the Normans. The name occurs in many spelling variations, including Theudebald, Diepold, Theobalt, Tybal ...
, 1903 *''Prosopolepis'' Lutz, 1905 *''Spilonympha'' Motta & Lourenço-de-Oliveira, 2005 *''Triamyia'' Dyar, 1919 *''Wyeomyia''
Theobald Theobald is a Germanic dithematic name, composed from the elements '' theod-'' "people" and ''bald'' "bold". The name arrived in England with the Normans. The name occurs in many spelling variations, including Theudebald, Diepold, Theobalt, Tybal ...
, 1901 *''Zinzala'' Zavortink, 1986


See also

*
List of Wyeomyia species These 149 species belong to ''Wyeomyia'', a genus of Mosquito, mosquitoes in the family Culicidae. ''Wyeomyia'' species * ''Wyeomyia abebela'' Dyar and Knab, 1908 * ''Wyeomyia ablechra'' Dyar & Knab, 1908 * ''Wyeomyia adelpha'' Dyar & Knab, 1906 ...


References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q3570206 Culicinae Mosquito genera Taxa named by Frederick Vincent Theobald