The Ussuri or Wusuli (russian: Уссури; ) is a river that runs through
Khabarovsk
Khabarovsk ( rus, Хабaровск, a=Хабаровск.ogg, r=Habárovsk, p=xɐˈbarəfsk) is the largest types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative centre of Khabarovsk Krai, Russia,Law #109 located from the China ...
and
Primorsky Krai
Primorsky Krai (russian: Приморский край, r=Primorsky kray, p=prʲɪˈmorskʲɪj kraj), informally known as Primorye (, ), is a federal subject (a krai) of Russia, located in the Far East region of the country and is a part of the ...
s,
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
and the southeast region of
Northeast China
Northeast China or Northeastern China () is a geographical region of China, which is often referred to as "Manchuria" or "Inner Manchuria" by surrounding countries and the West. It usually corresponds specifically to the three provinces east of t ...
. It rises in the
Sikhote-Alin mountain range, flowing north and forming part of the
Sino
Sino as a prefix generally refers to:
* China
* Chinese people
* Two Chinas
* Culture of China
* History of China
Sino may also refer to:
* Sino Group, a property company in Hong Kong
* ''Sino'' (Café Tacuba album), the 7th studio album by M ...
-Russian border (which is based on the Sino-Russian
Convention of Peking
The Convention of Peking or First Convention of Peking is an agreement comprising three distinct treaties concluded between the Qing dynasty of China and Great Britain, France, and the Russian Empire in 1860. In China, they are regarded as amon ...
of 1860), until it joins the
Amur
The Amur (russian: река́ Аму́р, ), or Heilong Jiang (, "Black Dragon River", ), is the world's List of longest rivers, tenth longest river, forming the border between the Russian Far East and Northeast China, Northeastern China (Inne ...
as a tributary to it near
Khabarovsk
Khabarovsk ( rus, Хабaровск, a=Хабаровск.ogg, r=Habárovsk, p=xɐˈbarəfsk) is the largest types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative centre of Khabarovsk Krai, Russia,Law #109 located from the China ...
. It is approximately long. The Ussuri drains the Ussuri
basin, which covers . Its waters come from rain (60%), snow (30–35%), and subterranean
springs. The average discharge is ,
and the average elevation is .
Names
The Ussuri has been known by many names. In
Manchu
The Manchus (; ) are a Tungusic East Asian ethnic group native to Manchuria in Northeast Asia. They are an officially recognized ethnic minority in China and the people from whom Manchuria derives its name. The Later Jin (1616–1636) and ...
, it was called the Usuri Ula or Dobi Bira (River of Foxes) and in Mongolian the Üssüri Müren. ''Ussuri'' is Manchu for ''soot-black river''.
History
* The Ussuri has a reputation for catastrophic
flood
A flood is an overflow of water ( or rarely other fluids) that submerges land that is usually dry. In the sense of "flowing water", the word may also be applied to the inflow of the tide. Floods are an area of study of the discipline hydrol ...
s. It freezes up in November and stays under the ice until April. The river teems with different kinds of
fish
Fish are aquatic, craniate, gill-bearing animals that lack limbs with digits. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish as well as various extinct related groups. Approximately 95% of li ...
:
grayling,
sturgeon
Sturgeon is the common name for the 27 species of fish belonging to the family Acipenseridae. The earliest sturgeon fossils date to the Late Cretaceous
The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the younger of two epochs into which the Cretace ...
,
humpback salmon
Pink salmon or humpback salmon (''Oncorhynchus gorbuscha'') is a species of anadromous fish in the salmon family. It is the smallest and most abundant of the Pacific salmon. The scientific species name is based on the Russian common name for ...
(''gorbusha''),
chum salmon
The chum salmon (''Oncorhynchus keta''), also known as dog salmon or keta salmon, is a species of anadromous salmonid fish from the genus '' Oncorhynchus'' (Pacific salmon) native to the coastal rivers of the North Pacific and the Beringian A ...
(''keta''), and others.
* During
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
, the river marked one of the boundaries which Soviet forces crossed into Manchuria in
Operation August Storm
The Soviet invasion of Manchuria, formally known as the Manchurian strategic offensive operation (russian: Манчжурская стратегическая наступательная операция, Manchzhurskaya Strategicheskaya Nastu ...
in 1945.
* The
Sino-Soviet border conflict
The Sino-Soviet border conflict was a seven-month undeclared military conflict between the Soviet Union and China in 1969, following the Sino-Soviet split. The most serious border clash, which brought the world's two largest communist states to ...
of 1969 took place at the Soviet
Damansky Island
Zhenbao Island () or Damansky Island (russian: о́стров Дама́нский, ''ostrov Damanskiy'') is an island with an area of only . It is on the Ussuri River on the border between Primorsky Krai, Russia, and Heilongjiang Province, Chi ...
on the Ussuri River.
Tributaries
Major tributaries of the Ussuri are, from source to mouth:
*
Arsenyevka
The Arsenyevka (russian: Арсеньевка, formerly ''Daubi-He'' russian: italic=yes, Дауби́хе) is a left tributary of the Ussuri in Anuchinsky and Yakovlevsky Districts of Primorsky Krai, Russia.
The length of the river is approxima ...
(left)
*
Sungacha
The Sungacha or Songacha (russian: Сунгача ''Sungacha'' or Сунгач ''Sungach'', ) is a river marking part of the border between the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China. It is a left tributary of the Ussuri, and the on ...
(left)
*
Muling
Muling () is a county-level city of Mudanjiang, southeastern Heilongjiang province, China, bordering Russia's Primorsky Krai to the east. As of 2004, it has an area of and a population of 330,000.
Administrative divisions
Muling City is divided ...
(left)
*
Bolshaya Ussurka
The Bolshaya Ussurka (russian: Большая Уссурка, literally: "Great Ussuri") is a river in the Russian Far East in Primorsky Krai. It is a right tributary of the Ussuri, which it meets near Dalnerechensk.
The area of the Bolshaya Ussur ...
(right)
*
Bikin
Bikin (russian: Бики́н) is a town in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia, located on the river Bikin (a tributary of the Ussuri) southwest of Khabarovsk. Population: 19,000 (1967).
History
It was founded in 1885 as Bikinskaya and was granted town s ...
(right)
*
Naoli (left)
*
Khor
Khor is an ancient region located in the south of ancient Syria, probably around modern Lebanon
Lebanon ( , ar, لُبْنَان, translit=lubnān, ), officially the Republic of Lebanon () or the Lebanese Republic, is a country in Western A ...
(right)
See also
*
Ussuri brown bear
The Ussuri brown bear (''Ursus arctos lasiotus''), also known as the Ezo brown bear, Russian bear, or the black grizzly bear, is a subspecies of the brown bear or a population of the Eurasian brown bear (''U. a. arctos''). One of the largest b ...
*
Ussurian tiger
References
Sources
*
External links
Article containing a detail mapdead link as of 18 March 2017]
*http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/80349e/80349E10.GIF
{{Authority control
Rivers of Khabarovsk Krai
Rivers of Primorsky Krai
Rivers of Heilongjiang
Border rivers
China–Russia border
International rivers of Asia