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The Wright Model F was a prototype military aircraft built by the
Wright Company The Wright Company was the commercial aviation business venture of the Wright brothers, established by them on November 22, 1909, in conjunction with several prominent industrialists from New York and Detroit with the intention of capitalizing on ...
for the U.S. Army in 1914. It was the first Wright design to feature a fuselage.Taylor 1992, p.898''The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft'' 1985, p.3098"The New Wright Biplane" 1914, p.1133Roach 2016, p.104 The major structural elements of previous Wright designs had been connected by open frameworks.Swanborough 1963, p.478 The application of metal armor to the underside of the fuselage, together with its unenviable performance,Hallion 2019, p.68 earned the aircraft the nickname "Tin Cow".


Design

The Model F was a three-bay, unstaggered biplane with equal-span wings. Its overall configuration was conventional, with a conventional tail carried at the rear of the fuselage. The pilot and observer sat side-by-side in an open cockpit. Power was supplied by a piston engine mounted in the nose, which drove two two-bladed pusher propellers mounted on the interplane struts and linked by chain drives. It was fitted with fixed, tailskid undercarriage.


Development

The Model F was designed in response to a 1913 U.S. Army Signal Corps specification for a reconnaissance aircraft.Hallion 2019, p.67 The specification called for the underside of the aircraft to carry a crew of two with a four-hour endurance, be protected by chrome-steel armor, and to be capable of carrying a machine gun. Due to a lack of confidence in American-produced aero engines of the time, the specification also called for use of a foreign powerplant. The contract was worth $9,500. Wright responded with a design by Grover Loening that resembled the contemporary French designs,Hallion 2019, p.67–68 with a fuselage, and tail unit that consisted of a fin and horizontal stabilizer. Loenig also adopted the current "Deperdussin-style" controls that combined the aircraft's controls into a central control stick. As originally designed, the aircraft was powered by tractor propellers. A series of revisions followed, which aviation historian Richard P. Hallion describes as "a dark comedy of errors". At one stage of development, the aircraft was equipped both with "Deperdussin-style" controls, as well as the system of control wheels fitted to previous Wright designs, before the "Deperdussin-style" controls were removed completely. The tractor propellers were moved to become pushers, and the seating arrangement was changed to be side-by-side. By the time the Model F was finally delivered, it was already a year late, Wright was delivering it at a financial loss, and Loening had quit the company in frustration.


Operational history

The Model F was accepted by the Army in March 1915, and given the serial number "39". During testing it was described as "a lumbersome mass of rattling material" and given its "Tin Cow" nickname. Test pilot Lt. Herbert Dargue said that it was "uncontrollable on the ground and out of date."Roach 2015, p.105 Only two months later, the aircraft was withdrawn along with all the Army's other pusher designs. It had only flown seven times.


Operators

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United States Army Signal Corps The United States Army Signal Corps (USASC) is a branch of the United States Army responsible for creating and managing Military communications, communications and information systems for the command and control of combined arms forces. It was ...


Specifications


Notes


References


Bibliography

* * * * * * {{Wright aircraft 1910s United States military reconnaissance aircraft Wright aircraft Biplanes Conventional-tail aircraft Single-engined twin-prop pusher aircraft Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear Aircraft first flown in 1914