Workplace safety standards

Workplace safety standards are sets of standards, aimed at safety at workplaces and to reduce occupational risk from occupational illnesses.

History

The Russian scientist Mikhail Lomonosov in 1763 first describes the dangers of mining in his book ''The First Foundations of Metallurgy, or Ore Affairs'' (russian: Первыя основанiя Металлургiи, или Рудныхъ Делъ).
The history of human safety in the workplace began in 1802 with the Health and Morals of Apprentices Act. In 1893 in the United States, Railroad Safety Appliance Act was formed. In 1911 were introduced Coal Mines Act.
In 1947, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was signed and published by a collaborative group of 23 countries working to establish smooth international trade. In the United States the first Federal Safety Standards for cars become effective 1 January 1968. These new standards help protect drivers against unreasonable risk of crashes occurring as a result of the design, construction or performance of motor vehicles. In 2015 was created EFM scientist against EMF radiation. On 11 May 2015, Dr. Martin Blank in a three-minute video makes an appeal to pay attention for dangerous magnetic fields from our communication devices.

Human safety organizations

* International Non-Ionizing Radiation Committee (INIRC)
* International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA)
* Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA). The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 mandates that all nongovernment employers provide a safe and healthful workplace for their employees.
*National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
* National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP)
* (Organization of Health and Safety Activities)
* (OSHE Georgia)
*
* European Agency for Safety and Health at Work
* China Occupational Safety and Health Association (COSHA)
* Ministry of Labor and Health OSH India
*
*

Standards

* БДС(Български Държавен Стандарт) (Bulgarian state standard) – ISO 45001:2018 (БДС ISO 45001:2018) Bulgaria
* GB/CCC – China CHN-1974-L-37879 Protection against particular hazards
* NF () NF EN 358 France
* BS (British standard) BS EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008 – United Kingdom
* IS (India Standardization) – India – IS-5216, IS-5571, IS-6665
* PN (Polska Norma) – Poland – PN-93/N-01256/03 Znaki BHP w miejscu pracy
*
* OSHA – United States; IAEA safety standards – nuclear, radiation waste safety standards
* REAL DECRETO 486/1997

Classification

Standard protection from radio frequency electromagnetic fields

Continuous exposure to high frequency or high intensity electromagnetic fields can lead to instantaneous health problems or over time to develop a variety of illnesses, such as nervous disorders and others. Low frequency fields with frequencies between 0 and 10 megahertz that are strong enough can stimulate sensory organs or nerves and cause magnetophosphenes (light flashes), vertigo, nausea or muscle twitches and pain. The standards are drawn up with a set of rules for protection from to limit human exposure to electric fields, magnetic fields and electromagnetic fields. Frequency bands of danger EMF, Zones of danger EMF, types of risks, safety and shielding equipment are categorized in the standards.

* (0 Hz - 300 GHz)
* GB 8702-88
* 1999/519/CE Council Recommendation of 12 July 1999 on the limitation of exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz)
* NF EN 50360 (300 MHz - 3 GHz)
*
* DGUV V15
* CEI EN 62209-1
* PN-EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005
*
* ANSI/IEEE C95.1–1992 IEEE Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields,
3 kHz to 300 GHz

EMF medical devices

A high frequency electromagnetic field can cause negative effects on the nervous system. Also, high intensity fields can cause serious damage to some organs. The health of people with implanted pacemakers and other electronic devices can be seriously harmed. Such irradiation can lead to death.
*
* DGUV V15
* BS EN 45502-1: 1998 Active implantable medical devices Part 1. General requirements for safety, marking and information to be provided by the manufacturer
* CEI EN 62209-1
*
* PN-EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005
* C95.1-2345-2014 IEEE Standard for Military Workplaces—Force Health Protection Regarding Personnel Exposure to Electric, Magnetic, and Electromagnetic Fields, 0 Hz to 300 GHz

Laser protection standard

Laser damage can be fatal to human vision. In the standards are defined the types of the laser equipment and its application. Safe distances from the laser equipment to the visual apparatus are also categorized.

*
* GB 10320-1995
*
* CEI 1381G
* IS 14624 (Part 2) : 2012
* PN-91/T-06700
*
* EN 60825 (IEC 825)

Protection from dangerous substances and preparations

These standards are set of rules and describe dangerous substances in machine oils, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in extender oils and other chemical materials used in workplace. The Russian standard describes the physical and chemical properties of dangerous oils.

*
* DIRECTIVE 2005/69/EC
* IS 1446: Classification of Dangerous Goods
* PN-EN 589
*
* CC 813.11 Ordinance on Protection against Dangerous Substances and Preparations

Welding safety

The standards are made up of the following chapters:General Provision - sanitary rules for welding, surfacing and metal cutting, concentrations of harmful substances in the air of the work area;Requirements for technological process:organization of technological processes of welding and surrounding electrical installations, welding of medium and small size products in stationary conditions;Industrial space requirements.

*
* AQ 4214-2011
* NTP 494:
* NF An 85-002
* DIN EN 1011-1
*
* Is 818 Code of Practice for Safety and Health for Welding
* PN-EN 1598:2004
*
* AWS D17.1/D17.1M:2017

Vibration safety

*
*
* NTP 839
* NF EN ISO 13090
* IS 13276-1: Mechanical Vibration
* 2002/44/WE
*
* AS2670 - 2001 Evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration.
* AS ISO 5349.1-2013 Mechanical vibration - Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration - General requirements

Noise safety

* IS 3483-1965
* IEEE 656-2018 - IEEE Standard for the Measurement of Audible Noise from Overhead Transmission Lines
*
* PN-EN 352-5:2005/A1:2007
* NF EN 61310-1
* DIN 4109

Ultrasound safety

Working with ultrasound can damage the nervous and auditory systems.
*
* IEEE 790-1989 - IEEE Guide for Medical Ultrasound Field Parameter Measurements
* NF C74-335
* DIN EN 60601-2-5
*

Air

This European Standard provides guidance on the selection of procedures and installations for the use and maintenance of devices for determining concentrations of chemical and biological agents in the workplace air.

*
* BS EN ISO 16017-1:2001, Indoor, ambient and workplace air
* NF EN ISO 16017-2
*

Microclimatic parameters of the work environment

*

Thermal environment

*
* ISO 7726 Ergonomics of the thermal environment – Instruments for measuring physical
quantities
* ISO 8896 Ergonomics of the thermal environment – Determination of metabolic rate
* DIN EN ISO 7730

Nanotechnology safety

*
* ISO/TS 12901-1:2012(en) Nanotechnologies - Occupational risk management applied to engineered nanomaterials - Part 1: Principles and approaches

Artificial light on workplace

The use of artificial light as the sole source of light or mixing artificial and daylight might cause ill-health effects, both physical and mental, such as eye strain, headaches, or fatigue. The standards address the types of light that negatively affect vision, angles of light in different environments, illumination standards per square meter, and protection methods such as the UGR method.

*
* GB50034-2013
*
* EN 12464 “Lighting of indoor workplaces”

Hazardous Area Classification

* BS EN 60079 Hazardous Area Classification and Control of Ignition Sources
* IS 5572-1994 Hazardous Area Classification IS 5572-1994
*
* National Electrical Code(NEC) Article 505
* IEC 60079-10.2 Classification of areas

Protection devices

*EMF meter – an instrument for measuring danger EMF fields, which affects human health (EMF measurement)
*Environmental meter – an instrument for measuring hazardous materials response
*EMF shield protection materials

Supporting software

There are thousands of software products today which can simulate workplace hazards.
*Narda EFC-400EP – software for calculation dangerous magnetic fields
*Sphera – software for Integrated Risk Management software and information services with a focus on Environmental Health & Safety (EHS)
*MY Compliance Management
*ALOHA Software – details can be entered about a real or potential chemical release and it will generate threat zone estimates for various types of hazards
*WeldZone Simulator – simulates the effect of electromagnetic fields on welders, providing a 3D visual representation of exposure levels and highlighting the associated risks

Congress and Conferences for health and safety work

World Congress on Safety and Health

The forum is organized by the International Labour Organization. The first World Congress on Safety and Health was held in Rome in 1955.
*2020 Canada XXII
*2017 Singapore XXI
*2014 Germany XX

Workplace Safety Conference

The forum is organized by OSHA.
*American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists

Workplace safety symbols

Workplace safety symbols are classified in several categories:
* European hazard pictograms
*ADR European hazard signs
*GHS hazard pictograms
*Green Emergency – emergency exits, escape routes, and on first aid kits ISO 7010
*Blue Mandatory – instructions to wash hands, use a safety harness, or wear safety glasses for example
*Red Prohibition – instruction to not touch, not enter, no access, and even evacuationemergencyelectricianlondon365.co.uk
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Gallery

File:Шумомер-Октава.jpg, Noise meter
File:Газоанализатор.jpg, Gas analyzer, Moscow
File:Hands damaged by kerosene.jpg, Hands damaged by kerosene
File:Protection Factors of filtering facepiece, measured in real time during work.jpg, Protection Factors
File:US Navy 061026-N-7981E-019 Lt. Cmdr. Paul Treadway, Industrial Hygiene Officer and Assistant Safety Officer of the Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN 72), uses a sound level meter to demonstrate the high deci.jpg, Sound level meter
File:Laser-symbol.svg, Laser radiation safety symbol
File:2-part epoxy adhesive in cartridge-Label.jpg, Hazard label on epoxy adhesive
File:ECB Hazard Symbol E.svg, Explosive hazard sign
File:Radio waves hazard symbol.svg, Radio waves hazard symbol
File:Hazard nanoparticle sign.jpg, Hazard nanoparticle sign
File:Magnetic field hazard symbol.png, Magnetic field hazard symbol
File:Electromagnetic radiation tester.jpg, Electromagnetic radiation tester
File:Portable grounding rod.jpg, Portable grounding
File:Chemical hazard sign - Rsc.png, Chemical hazard sign

See also

*Occupational safety and health

References

{{reflist, colwidth=30em
*Alexey Alexiev Influence of electromagnetic field on the human body
*Маринела Йорданова Управление на трудовите условия и производствения риск
*Georgi Tsurov Analysis of Workplace safety standards TU-GO,2016
*Найден Йорданов,Божидар Кибаров,Анатоли Малев Правилник по безопасността на труда при експлоатацията на електрическите уредби и съоръжения,Държавно издателство "Техника"1986
*Edvard Csanyi Dangerous magnetic field exposure near transformer substation in the building
*Marinko Stojkov,Damir Šljivac,Damir ŠljivacLajos Jozsa Electric and Magnetic Field Computation of 35 kV Voltage Level of Transformer Substation 35/10 kV Using CDEGS Software
*Binay Kumar Oil and Lubricant Hazard Effects on Human Health

Occupational safety and health
Safety codes
Lists of standards