Harold Witter Bynner (August 10, 1881 – June 1, 1968), also known by the
pen name
A pen name, also called a ''nom de plume'' or a literary double, is a pseudonym (or, in some cases, a variant form of a real name) adopted by an author and printed on the title page or by-line of their works in place of their real name.
A pen na ...
Emanuel Morgan, was an American
poet
A poet is a person who studies and creates poetry. Poets may describe themselves as such or be described as such by others. A poet may simply be the creator ( thinker, songwriter, writer, or author) who creates (composes) poems (oral or writte ...
and translator. He was known for his long residence in
Santa Fe, New Mexico
Santa Fe ( ; , Spanish for 'Holy Faith'; tew, Oghá P'o'oge, Tewa for 'white shell water place'; tiw, Hulp'ó'ona, label=Tiwa language, Northern Tiwa; nv, Yootó, Navajo for 'bead + water place') is the capital of the U.S. state of New Mexico. ...
, and association with other literary figures there.
Early life
Bynner was born in
Brooklyn
Brooklyn () is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Kings County, in the U.S. state of New York. Kings County is the most populous county in the State of New York, and the second-most densely populated county in the United States, be ...
,
New York
New York most commonly refers to:
* New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York
* New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States
New York may also refer to:
Film and television
* '' ...
, the son of Thomas Edgarton Bynner and the former Annie Louise Brewer. His domineering mother separated from his alcoholic father in December 1888 and moved with her two sons to Connecticut. The father died in 1891, and in 1892 the family moved to
Brookline, Massachusetts
Brookline is a town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, Norfolk County, Massachusetts, in the United States, and part of the Greater Boston, Boston metropolitan area. Brookline borders six of Boston's neighborhoods: Brighton, Boston, Brighton, A ...
. Bynner attended Brookline High School and was editor of its literary magazine. He entered
Harvard University
Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of higher le ...
in 1898, where he was the first member of his class invited to join the student literary magazine, ''
The Harvard Advocate
''The Harvard Advocate'', the art and literary magazine of Harvard College, is the oldest continuously published college art and literary magazine in the United States. The magazine (published then in newspaper format) was founded by Charles S. ...
'', by its editor
Wallace Stevens
Wallace Stevens (October 2, 1879 – August 2, 1955) was an American modernist poet. He was born in Reading, Pennsylvania, educated at Harvard and then New York Law School, and spent most of his life working as an executive for an insurance compa ...
. He was also published in another of Harvard's literary journals, ''
The Harvard Monthly
''The Harvard Monthly'' was a literary magazine of Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, beginning October 1885 until suspending publication following the Spring 1917 issue.
Formed in the latter months of 1885 by Harvard seniors Will ...
''. His favorite professor was
George Santayana
Jorge Agustín Nicolás Ruiz de Santayana y Borrás, known in English as George Santayana (; December 16, 1863 – September 26, 1952), was a Spanish and US-American philosopher, essayist, poet, and novelist. Born in Spain, Santayana was raised ...
. While a student he took on the nickname "Hal" by which his friends would know him for the rest of his life. He enjoyed theater, opera, and symphony performances in Boston, and he became involved in the suffrage movement. He graduated from Harvard with honors in 1902. His first book of poems, ''An Ode to Harvard'' (later changed to ''Young Harvard''), came out in 1907.
In 1911 he was the Harvard
Phi Beta Kappa
The Phi Beta Kappa Society () is the oldest academic honor society in the United States, and the most prestigious, due in part to its long history and academic selectivity. Phi Beta Kappa aims to promote and advocate excellence in the liberal a ...
Poet.
New York and New Hampshire
After a trip to Europe, he took a position at ''
McClure's Magazine
''McClure's'' or ''McClure's Magazine'' (1893–1929) was an American illustrated monthly periodical popular at the turn of the 20th century. The magazine is credited with having started the tradition of muckraking journalism ( investigative, wat ...
'' and worked there for four years. He had an opportunity to meet and socialize with many New York writers and artists. He next turned to independent writing and lecturing, living in
Cornish, New Hampshire
Cornish is a town in Sullivan County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 1,616 at the 2020 census. Cornish has four covered bridges. Each August, it is home to the Cornish Fair.
History
The town was granted in 1763 and contained a ...
.
In 1916 he and
Arthur Davison Ficke, a friend from Harvard, were among the perpetrators of an elaborate
literary hoax
Literary forgery (also known as literary mystification, literary fraud or literary hoax) is writing, such as a manuscript or a literary work, which is either deliberately misattributed to a historical or invented author, or is a purported memoir ...
. They created a purported "Spectrist" school of poets, along the lines of the
Imagists
Imagism was a movement in early-20th-century Anglo-American poetry that favored precision of imagery
Imagery is visual symbolism, or figurative language that evokes a mental image or other kinds of sense impressions, especially in a literar ...
, but based in
Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh ( ) is a city in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States, and the county seat of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, Allegheny County. It is the most populous city in both Allegheny County and Wester ...
. ''
Spectra'', a slim collection, was published under the
pseudonym
A pseudonym (; ) or alias () is a fictitious name that a person or group assumes for a particular purpose, which differs from their original or true name (orthonym). This also differs from a new name that entirely or legally replaces an individua ...
s of Anne Knish (Ficke) and Emanuel Morgan (Bynner).
Marjorie Allen Seiffert
Marjorie Allen Seiffert (February 15, 1885 – January 1, 1970) was an American poet and winner of the 1919 Levinson Prize for Poetry. She used several pseudonyms over the course of her career, including Angela Cypher for some of her lighter verse ...
, writing as Elijah Hay, was also part of the "movement".
Bynner was friendly with
Kahlil Gibran
Gibran Khalil Gibran ( ar, جُبْرَان خَلِيل جُبْرَان, , , or , ; January 6, 1883 – April 10, 1931), usually referred to in English as Kahlil Gibran (pronounced ), was a Lebanese-American writer, poet and visual artist ...
and introduced the writer to his publisher,
Alfred A. Knopf
Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. () is an American publishing house that was founded by Alfred A. Knopf Sr. and Blanche Knopf in 1915. Blanche and Alfred traveled abroad regularly and were known for publishing European, Asian, and Latin American writers in ...
. The latter published Gibran's
''The Prophet'' in 1923, which has had a long popularity. Gibran drew a portrait of Bynner in 1919.
In New York, Bynner was a member of
The Players club, the
Harvard Club
Harvard University is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the History of the Puritans in North America, Puritan cler ...
, and the MacDowell Club. In
San Francisco
San Francisco (; Spanish language, Spanish for "Francis of Assisi, Saint Francis"), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the commercial, financial, and cultural center of Northern California. The city proper is the List of Ca ...
, he joined the
Bohemian Club
The Bohemian Club is a private club with two locations: a city clubhouse in the Nob Hill district of San Francisco, California and the Bohemian Grove, a retreat north of the city in Sonoma County. Founded in 1872 from a regular meeting of journal ...
.
[ Herringshaw, Thomas William]
''American Elite and Sociologist Bluebook'', p. 127
American Blue Book Publishers, 1922.
Asia and Berkeley
Bynner traveled with Ficke and others to Japan, Korea and China in 1917.
He had a short spell in academia in 1918–1919 at the
University of California, Berkeley
The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public land-grant research university in Berkeley, California. Established in 1868 as the University of California, it is the state's first land-grant u ...
. He was hired to teach Oral English to the Students' Army Training Corps as a form of
conscientious objector
A conscientious objector (often shortened to conchie) is an "individual who has claimed the right to refuse to perform military service" on the grounds of freedom of thought, conscience, or religion. The term has also been extended to object ...
alternative service. After World War I ended, Bynner was invited to stay on in the English department to teach poetry. His students included several who became published poets of some note, such as
Stanton A. Coblentz
Stanton Arthur Coblentz (August 24, 1896 – September 6, 1982) was an American literature, American writer and poet. He received a Master's Degree in English literature and then began publishing poetry during the early 1920s. His first publi ...
,
Hildegarde Flanner,
Idella Purnell, and
Genevieve Taggard
Genevieve Taggard (November 28, 1894 – November 8, 1948) was an American poet.
Biography
Genevieve Taggard was born in Waitsburg, Washington, to James Taggard and Alta Arnold, both of whom were school teachers. Her parents were both active mem ...
. In celebration of the end of the war, he composed ''A Canticle of Praise,'' performed in the
Hearst Greek Theatre
The William Randolph Hearst Greek Theatre, known locally as simply the Greek Theatre, is an 8,500-seat amphitheater owned and operated by the University of California, Berkeley in Berkeley, California, USA.
The Greek Theatre hosts The Berkeley ...
before some 8,000 people.
At Berkeley he met
Kiang Kang-hu, a professor of Chinese, and began an eleven-year collaboration with him on the translation of
T'ang Dynasty
The Tang dynasty (, ; zh, t= ), or Tang Empire, was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907 AD, with an interregnum between 690 and 705. It was preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingd ...
poems. His teaching contract was not renewed, but his students continued to meet as a group and he occasionally joined them. An elaborate dinner honoring him was held at the Bohemian Club in San Francisco. A ''
festschrift
In academia, a ''Festschrift'' (; plural, ''Festschriften'' ) is a book honoring a respected person, especially an academic, and presented during their lifetime. It generally takes the form of an edited volume, containing contributions from the h ...
'', a book of poems by students and friends, ''W.B. in California'', was given to all who were present.
["Hidden History of the Berkeley Campus" project](_blank)
, University of California web site. Accessed November 1, 2013. See also Lyman, William Whittingham, "Witter Bynner: A Tribute,' manuscript in the Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
Bynner returned to
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
, living there from June 1920 to April 1921 for intensive study of Chinese literature and culture.
He met sculptor
Beniamino Bufano en route. After returning to California, Bynner went to see family in New York. He embarked on another lecture tour, reaching
Santa Fe, New Mexico
Santa Fe ( ; , Spanish for 'Holy Faith'; tew, Oghá P'o'oge, Tewa for 'white shell water place'; tiw, Hulp'ó'ona, label=Tiwa language, Northern Tiwa; nv, Yootó, Navajo for 'bead + water place') is the capital of the U.S. state of New Mexico. ...
in February 1922. Exhausted and suffering from a lingering cold, he decided to cancel the rest of his tour and rest there.
Santa Fe and Mexico
Finding the small city very appealing, in June 1922 Bynner moved permanently to Santa Fe. He first returned to Berkeley, where he recruited his former student
Walter Willard 'Spud' Johnson to join him as his secretary (and lover).
Mabel Dodge Luhan
Mabel Evans Dodge Sterne Luhan (pronounced ''LOO-hahn''; née Ganson; February 26, 1879 – August 13, 1962) was a wealthy American patron of the arts, who was particularly associated with the Taos art colony.
Early life
Mabel Ganson was the heir ...
introduced the two men to
D.H. Lawrence
David Herbert Lawrence (11 September 1885 – 2 March 1930) was an English writer, novelist, poet and essayist. His works reflect on modernity, industrialization, sexuality, emotional health, vitality, spontaneity and instinct. His best-k ...
and his wife Frieda.
![Robert Hunt and Witter Bynner](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Robert_Hunt_and_Witter_Bynner.jpg)
The following year, Bynner and Johnson joined the Lawrences on a trip through Mexico. Lawrence was inspired to write several essays related to the trip, and his novel ''
The Plumed Serpent
''The Plumed Serpent'' is a 1926 political novel by D. H. Lawrence; Lawrence conceived the idea for the novel while visiting Mexico in 1923, and its themes reflect his experiences there. The novel was first published by Martin Secker's firm in ...
,'' includes characters based on Bynner and Johnson. Bynner also produced related writings: three poems about Lawrence, and his memoir ''Journey with Genius'', published in 1951.
Luhan was not pleased that the two couples had traveled together, as she wanted to be at the center of the community. She is said to have taken revenge on Bynner by hiring Johnson to be her own secretary. Bynner in turn wrote a play, ''Cake'', satirizing her lifestyle.
In 1930
Robert "Bob" Hunt (1906-1964) arrived in Santa Fe, originally for a visit while recuperating from an illness. He and Bynner began a relationship, and he stayed as the poet's lifelong companion. Together they entertained artists and literary figures such as
Ansel Adams
Ansel Easton Adams (February 20, 1902 – April 22, 1984) was an American landscape photographer and environmentalist known for his black-and-white images of the American West. He helped found Group f/64, an association of photographers advoca ...
,
W. H. Auden
Wystan Hugh Auden (; 21 February 1907 – 29 September 1973) was a British-American poet. Auden's poetry was noted for its stylistic and technical achievement, its engagement with politics, morals, love, and religion, and its variety in ...
,
Willa Cather
Willa Sibert Cather (; born Wilella Sibert Cather; December 7, 1873 – April 24, 1947) was an American writer known for her novels of life on the Great Plains, including ''O Pioneers!'', '' The Song of the Lark'', and ''My Ántonia''. In 1923, ...
,
Robert Frost
Robert Lee Frost (March26, 1874January29, 1963) was an American poet. His work was initially published in England before it was published in the United States. Known for his realistic depictions of rural life and his command of American colloq ...
,
Martha Graham
Martha Graham (May 11, 1894 – April 1, 1991) was an American modern dancer and choreographer. Her style, the Graham technique, reshaped American dance and is still taught worldwide.
Graham danced and taught for over seventy years. She wa ...
,
Aldous Huxley
Aldous Leonard Huxley (26 July 1894 – 22 November 1963) was an English writer and philosopher. He wrote nearly 50 books, both novels and non-fiction works, as well as wide-ranging essays, narratives, and poems.
Born into the prominent Huxley ...
,
Christopher Isherwood
Christopher William Bradshaw Isherwood (26 August 1904 – 4 January 1986) was an Anglo-American novelist, playwright, screenwriter, autobiographer, and diarist. His best-known works include '' Goodbye to Berlin'' (1939), a semi-autobiographical ...
,
D. H. Lawrence
David Herbert Lawrence (11 September 1885 – 2 March 1930) was an English writer, novelist, poet and essayist. His works reflect on modernity, industrialization, sexuality, emotional health, vitality, spontaneity and instinct. His best-k ...
and his wife,
Edna St. Vincent Millay
Edna St. Vincent Millay (February 22, 1892 – October 19, 1950) was an American lyrical poet and playwright. Millay was a renowned social figure and noted feminist in New York City during the Roaring Twenties and beyond. She wrote much of he ...
,
James Merrill
James Ingram Merrill (March 3, 1926 – February 6, 1995) was an American poet. He was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for poetry in 1977 for ''Divine Comedies.'' His poetry falls into two distinct bodies of work: the polished and formalist lyri ...
,
Georgia O'Keeffe
Georgia Totto O'Keeffe (November 15, 1887 – March 6, 1986) was an American modernist artist. She was known for her paintings of enlarged flowers, New York skyscrapers, and New Mexico landscapes. O'Keeffe has been called the "Mother of Amer ...
,
Carl Sandburg
Carl August Sandburg (January 6, 1878 – July 22, 1967) was an American poet, biographer, journalist, and editor. He won three Pulitzer Prizes: two for his poetry and one for his biography of Abraham Lincoln. During his lifetime, Sandburg ...
,
Igor Stravinsky
Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky (6 April 1971) was a Russian composer, pianist and conductor, later of French (from 1934) and American (from 1945) citizenship. He is widely considered one of the most important and influential composers of the ...
,
Carl Van Vechten, and
Thornton Wilder
Thornton Niven Wilder (April 17, 1897 – December 7, 1975) was an American playwright and novelist. He won three Pulitzer Prizes — for the novel ''The Bridge of San Luis Rey'' and for the plays ''Our Town'' and ''The Skin of Our Teeth'' — a ...
. They also made frequent visits to their second home in
Chapala, Mexico.
They bought it from Mexican architect Luis Barragán.
Bynner spent much of the 1940s and early 1950s in Chapala, until he began to lose his eyesight. He returned to the U.S., received treatment, and traveled to Europe with Hunt. By the late 1950s and early 1960s, Hunt took increasing responsibility for the ailing poet. Hunt died of a heart attack in January 1964.
On January 18, 1965, Bynner had a severe stroke. He never recovered, and required constant care until he died on June 1, 1968. Hunt and Bynner's ashes are buried beneath the carved stone weeping dog at the house where he lived on Atalaya Hill in Santa Fe, now used as the president's home for St. John's College.
Legacy
From 1921 to 1923, Bynner had served as president of the
Poetry Society of America
The Poetry Society of America is a literary organization founded in 1910 by poets, editors, and artists. It is the oldest poetry organization in the United States. Past members of the society have included such renowned poets as Witter Bynner, Ro ...
.
["Witter Bynner," Harvard Square Library]
/ref> To encourage young poets, he created the Witter Bynner Prize for Undergraduate Excellence in Poetry, administered by the Poetry Society in cooperation with ''Palms'' poetry magazine, of which he was associate editor. African-American poets received the award soon after it was established: Countee Cullen
Countee Cullen (born Countee LeRoy Porter; May 30, 1903 – January 9, 1946) was an American poet, novelist, children's writer, and playwright, particularly well known during the Harlem Renaissance.
Early life
Childhood
Countee LeRoy Porter ...
in 1925 and Langston Hughes
James Mercer Langston Hughes (February 1, 1901 – May 22, 1967) was an American poet, social activist, novelist, playwright, and columnist from Joplin, Missouri. One of the earliest innovators of the literary art form called jazz poetry, Hug ...
in 1926.
Bynner's home in Santa Fe is now a bed and breakfast called the Inn of the Turquoise Bear.
In 1972, the Witter Bynner Foundation for Poetry was founded through a bequest from Bynner. It makes grants to perpetuate the art of poetry, primarily by supporting individual poets, translations, and audience development. Since 1997, it has funded the Witter Bynner Fellowship
Witter Bynner Fellowships are administered by the Library of Congress and sponsored by the Witter Bynner Foundation for Poetry, an organization that provides grant support for poetry programs through nonprofit organizations. Fellows are chosen by t ...
, the recipient of which is selected by the U.S. Poet Laureate.
A Witter Bynner Poetry Prize
The Witter Bynner Poetry Prize was established by the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters in 1980 to support the work of a young poet. It is named for poet Witter Bynner. The prize was discontinued in 2003. It is not to be confused ...
was established by the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters in 1980 to support young poets. It was discontinued in 2003.
Publications
Books of poetry, plays and memoirs
*''An Ode to Harvard and Other Poems'' (Boston: Small, Maynard & Company, 1907).
*''Young Harvard and Other Poems'' (New York: Frederick A. Stokes Company, 1907) and (New York: A. A. Knopf, 1925).
*''Tiger'' (New York: M. Kennerley, 1913) and (London: D.J. Rider, 1914).
*''The Little King'' (New York: M. Kennerley, 1914).
*''The New World'' (New York: M. Kennerley, 1915) and (New York: M. Kennerley, 1918).
*''Chariots'' ( ew York, 1916.
*''Grenstone Poems'' (New York: F.A. Stokes, c1917) and (New York: A. A. Knopf, 1926).
*''A Canticle of Praise'' (San Francisco, Calif.: 1918).
*''The Beloved Stranger: Two Books of Song and a Divertisement for the Unknown Lover'' (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1919) and (New York: A.A. Knopf, 1930).
*''A Canticle of Pan and Other Poems'' (New York: Knopf, 1920).
*''Pins for Wings'' ( ew York Sunwise Turn, c1920) (as Emanuel Morgan).
*''A Book of Plays'' (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1922).
*''In memoriam 2567: The Household on the Hill'' (Pittsburgh, Penn.: Laboratory Press, Carnegie Institute of Technology, 1923).
*''Wisteria'' (San Francisco: Privately printed, 1923).
*''An Import of China'' ( ewark (N.J.) Newark Museum and Public Library, 1924).
*''Caravan'' (New York: A.A. Knopf, 1925).
*''Cake: An Indulgence'' (New York, London: A. A. Knopf, 1926).
*''Roots'' (New York: Random House, 1929).
*''The Persistence of Poetry'' (San Francisco: The Book Club of California, 1929).
*''Indian Earth'' (New York: A. A. Knopf, 1930).
*''Anne'' ( an Francisco CA: A.M. Bender, 1930.
*''Eden Tree ...'' (New York: A.A. Knopf, 1931).
*''Against the Cold'' ( ew York: A. A. Knopf, c1933.
*''Guest Book'' (New York: Knopf, 1935).
*''Against the Cold'' (New York: A. A. Knopf, 1940).
*''Take Away the Darkness'' (New York: A.A. Knopf, 1947
It was the first year of the Cold War, which would last until 1991, ending with the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
Events
January
* January–February – Winter of 1946–47 in the United Kingdom: The worst snowfall in the country in ...
*''Poems'' ( ansas City: s.n. 1950).
*''Journey With Genius: Reflections and Reminiscences Concerning the D. H. Lawrences'' (New York, J. Day Co. 951
Year 951 ( CMLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
* King Berengar II of Italy seizes Liguria, with help from the feudal lord Oberto I. He re ...
.
*''Book of Lyric'' (New York: Knopf, 1955).
*''New Poems, 1960'' (New York: Knopf, c1960).
Collaborations and contributions
* ''Spectra: a Book of Poetic Experiments'' (New York: Mitchell Kennerley, 1916) (as "Emanuel Morgan" with Arthur Davison Ficke as "Anne Knish").
* ''Others: The Spectric School: Poems'' (New York: Others, 1917) (as "Emanuel Morgan" with Arthur Davison Ficke as "Anne Knish" and Marjorie Allen Seiffert as "Elijah Hay").
* Mansfield, Richard, ''Courage!'' (New York: Moffat, Yard and Company 1918 (Preface by Bynner).
* Ford, Julia Ellsworth, ''Snickerty Nick'' (New York: Moffat, Yard, (c. 1919) (Rhymes by Bynner).
* Tuckerman, Frederick Goddard, ''The Sonnets of Frederick Goddard Tuckerman'' (New York, A. A. Knopf, 1931) (edited by and with a foreword by Bynner).
Translations
*''Iphigenia in Tauris; an English Version'' (New York: M. Kennerley, 1915) (translation of Euripides).
*Vildrac, Charles, ''A Book of Love'' (New York: E.P. Dutton, c1923) (translated from the French by Bynner)
From HathiTrust: ''A Book of Love.''
*Heng-tʻang-tʻui-shih, ''The Jade Mountain: A Chinese Anthology'' (New York: Knopf, 1929 (translation by Bynner).
*Lao-Tzu, ''The Way of Life according to Laotzu'' (New York, The John Day Company 944
Year 944 (Roman numerals, CMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* Arab–Byzantine wars, Arab–Byzantine War: Byzantine forces are de ...
and (London : Lyrebird Press Ltd., 1972) ("American version" by Bynner). Note that this is a translation of the Tao Te Ching
The ''Tao Te Ching'' (, ; ) is a Chinese classic text written around 400 BC and traditionally credited to the sage Laozi, though the text's authorship, date of composition and date of compilation are debated. The oldest excavated portion d ...
.
Edited collections and anthologies
*Braithwaite, William Stanley, ''An Anthology of Magazine Verse for 1913 Including the Magazines and the Poets: A Review'' (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Thomas Todd Co. for W.S.B., c1913).
*Braithwaite, William Stanley, ''An Anthology of Magazine Verse for 1914 and Yearbook of American Poetry'' (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Vail Ballou Co. for W.S.B., c1914).
*Mearnes, Hughes, ''Walter Bynner'' (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1927).
*Hunt Robert (ed.), ''Selected Poems'' (New York, London" A. A. Knopf: 1936) and (New York, A. A. Knopf, 1943).
*Firmage, George J. (ed.), ''A Garland for Dyland Thomas'' (New York: Clarke & Way 963
Year 963 ( CMLXIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* March 15 – Emperor Romanos II dies at age 25, probably of poison admini ...
.
*Dolmetsch, Carl R., ''The Smart Set: A History and Anthology'' (New York: Dial Press, 1966).
*Hughes, Langston and Bontemps, Anna (eds.), ''The Poetry of the Negro, 1746-1970'' (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1970).
*Kraft, James (ed.), The Selected Witter Bynner: Poems, Plays, Translations, Prose, and Letters (Albuquerque, NM : University of New Mexico Press, c1995).
*Hass, Robert (ed.), ''American Poetry: The Twentieth Century'' (New York: Library of America: Distributed to the trade in the U.S. by Penguin Putnam, c2000).
*Mezey, Robert (ed.), ''Poems of the American West'' (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, c2002).
*Parisi, Joseph and Young, Stephen (eds.), ''The Poetry Anthology, 1912-2002 : Ninety Years of America's Most Distinguished Verse Magazine'' (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2002).
*Shapiro, Harvey (ed.), ''Poets of World War II'' (New York : The Library of America, 2003).
"The Works of Witter Bynner"
*Smith, William Jay (ed.), ''Light Verse and Satire f Witter Bynner' (New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, c1978).
*Wilbur, Richard (ed.), ''Selected Poems of Wytter Bynner'' (New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, c1978).
*Kraft, James (ed.), ''Prose Pieces f Witter Bynner' (New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, c1979).
*Watson, B and Lattimore, D. (introduction), ''The Chinese Translations'' (New York : Farrar, Straus, Giroux, c1978).
*Kraft, James (ed.), ''Selected Letters'' (New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, c1981).
Notes
References
*
*
*
External links
*Witter Bynner Papers at
Augustana College
Harvard
New Mexico State University
University of California, Berkeley
University of New Hampshire
*
*
*
The Papers of Witter Bynner
at Dartmouth College Library
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bynner, Witter
1881 births
1968 deaths
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American poets
20th-century American translators
American male poets
Chinese–English translators
American gay writers
Harvard Advocate alumni
LGBT people from New Mexico
American LGBT poets
People from Brookline, Massachusetts
University of California, Berkeley faculty
Writers from Brooklyn
Writers from Massachusetts
Writers from Santa Fe, New Mexico
Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters