Wisterieae is a
tribe
The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English language, English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in p ...
of
flowering plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...
s in the bean family
. The tribe was first described in 1994 for the sole genus ''
Wisteria'', but was greatly expanded in 2019 to include 13 genera, six of which were new. Five had previously been placed in the tribe
Millettieae. Members of the tribe are climbers of various kinds.
[ Some, like ''Wisteria'', are cultivated for their flowers.
]
Description
Members of the tribe Wisterieae are either woody liana
A liana is a long- stemmed, woody vine that is rooted in the soil at ground level and uses trees, as well as other means of vertical support, to climb up to the canopy in search of direct sunlight. The word ''liana'' does not refer to a ta ...
s or sprawling climbing shrubs. All species have their flowers arranged in either true panicle
A panicle is a much-branched inflorescence. (softcover ). Some authors distinguish it from a compound spike inflorescence, by requiring that the flowers (and fruit) be pedicellate (having a single stem per flower). The branches of a panicle are of ...
s or true raceme
A raceme ( or ) or racemoid is an unbranched, indeterminate type of inflorescence bearing flowers having short floral stalks along the shoots that bear the flowers. The oldest flowers grow close to the base and new flowers are produced as the s ...
s (as opposed to pseudopanicles or pseudoracemes). The tribe belongs to the Inverted repeat-lacking clade
The inverted repeat-lacking clade (IRLC) is a monophyletic clade of the flowering plant subfamily Faboideae (or Papilionaceae). Faboideae includes the majority of agriculturally-cultivated legumes. The name of this clade is informal and is not ass ...
; all genera lack one 25 kilobase long copy of the inverted repeat in the chloroplast genome, distinguishing them from genera in the tribe Millettieae, which do not lack this inverted repeat.[
]
Taxonomy
The tribe was established in 1994 by X. Y. Zhu,[ based on features of ''Wisteria'' ]pollen
Pollen is a powdery substance produced by seed plants. It consists of pollen grains (highly reduced microgametophytes), which produce male gametes (sperm cells). Pollen grains have a hard coat made of sporopollenin that protects the gametophyt ...
.[ Most older genera that are now placed in Wisterieae were previously placed in the tribe Millettieae. As ]circumscribed
In geometry, the circumscribed circle or circumcircle of a polygon is a circle that passes through all the vertices of the polygon. The center of this circle is called the circumcenter and its radius is called the circumradius.
Not every polyg ...
in the 1980s, Millettieae was morphologically diverse and was later found to be polyphyletic. A number of studies separated off the "''Callerya'' group" on both morphological and genetic grounds. In particular, unlike the rest of the broadly defined Millettieae, the ''Callerya'' group belonged to the Inverted repeat-lacking clade.[ A 2019 ]molecular phylogenetic
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...
resulted in most of the ''Callerya'' group being placed in an expanded tribe Wisterieae, which included six newly created genera. The study suggested that the genera included in the tribe could be divided into five major clades, A to E, which were related as shown in the following cladogram:[
The monophyly of Wisterieae and its broad division into five clades was supported in a 2021 study, with some small differences in clade C. ''Serawaia'' was not included in the study, and '']Callerya bonatiana
''Callerya bonatiana'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, native to south-central and southeastern mainland China, Laos and Vietnam. It was first described in 1910 as ''Millettia bonatiana''.
Taxonomy
''Callerya bonatiana'' ...
'' fell outside the genus ''Callerya'' when nuclear ribosomal DNA
Nuclear may refer to:
Physics
Relating to the Atomic nucleus, nucleus of the atom:
*Nuclear engineering
*Nuclear physics
*Nuclear power
*Nuclear reactor
*Nuclear weapon
*Nuclear medicine
*Radiation therapy
*Nuclear warfare
Mathematics
*Nuclear ...
was used, and was placed in a new genus ''Villosocallerya''.[
]
Genera
In 2019, Compton et. al. included 13 genera in their circumscription of the tribe:[
*'']Afgekia
''Afgekia'' is a small genus of large perennial climbing shrubs native to Thailand in Asia, belonging to the family Fabaceae.
They are reminiscent of the related genus of ''Wisteria''.
Species
As listed by Plants of the World Online;
* ''Afgekia ...
'' Craib
*''Austrocallerya
''Austrocallerya'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the subfamily Faboideae in the family Fabaceae. They are robust, twining woody vines.
Its native range is from New Guinea to eastern Australia and islands in the Southern Pacific.
De ...
'' J.Compton & Schrire
*''Callerya
''Callerya'' is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae. Genetic analysis shows ''Callerya'' and ''Wisteria'' to be each other's closest relatives and quite distinct from other members of ...
'' Endl.
*''Endosamara
''Endosamara'' is a Monotypic taxon, monotypic genus of flowering plants in the legume family Fabaceae, tribe Wisterieae. Its only species is ''Endosamara racemosa'', a liana found from South India through Indo-China to the Philippines.
Descrip ...
'' R.Geesink
*''Kanburia
''Kanburia'' is a genus of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, native to Thailand. The genus was established in 2019. ''Kanburia'' species are twining woody vines.
Description
''Kanburia'' species are robust twining woody vines. Their young ...
'' J.Compton, Mattapha, Sirich. & Schrire
*''Nanhaia
''Nanhaia'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Fabaceae. Its native range is Southern China to Northern Vietnam.
Description
''Nanhaia'' species are twining vines, sprawling or scrambling among rocks and scrub. Their stems ar ...
'' J.Compton & Schrire
*''Padbruggea
''Padbruggea'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. Its native range stretches from southern China to western Malesia.
Description
''Padbruggea'' species are scrambling climbers, reaching heights of up to . Their stems are dark ...
'' Miq.
*''Sarcodum
''Sarcodum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae, tribe Wisterieae. Its three species are twining vines growing over shrubs, and are native from southeast mainland China to the Solo ...
'' Lour.
*''Serawaia
''Serawaia'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae, first established in 2019. Its only species is ''Serawaia strobilifera'', native to Borneo. The species was first described in 1994 as ''Callerya strobilifera''.
Descr ...
'' J.Compton & Schrire
*''Sigmoidala
''Sigmoidala'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae, first established in 2019. Its only species is ''Sigmoidala kityana'', native to Myanmar, northern Thailand and Laos. It was first described by William Grant Craib i ...
'' J.Compton & Schrire
*''Whitfordiodendron
''Whitfordiodendron'' is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, of Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae.Compton, J.A., Schrire, B.D., Könyves, K., Forest, F., Malakasi, P., Mattapha, S. & Sirichamorn, Y. 2019. The Callerya G ...
'' Elmer
*'' Wisteria'' Nutt.
*''Wisteriopsis
''Wisteriopsis'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Fabaceae. Its native range is China to Indo-China and Temperate Eastern Asia. ''Wisteriopsis'' species are twining woody vines, generally resembling species of ''Wisteria''. ...
'' J.Compton & Schrire
File:Afgekia sericea 001.jpg, '' Afgekia sericea''
File:Austrocallerya megasperma.jpg, ''Austrocallerya megasperma
''Austrocallerya megasperma'', one of several species commonly known as native wisteria, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a woody climber with pinnate leaves and racemes of purple ...
'' flowers
File:CmegaspermaAlexFCA1.jpg, ''Austrocallerya megasperma'' around a tree trunk
File:亮葉崖豆藤(亮葉雞血藤) Millettia nitida -香港太平山 Victoria Peak, Hong Kong- (9255178482).jpg, '' Callerya nitida''
File:美麗崖豆藤(牛大力) Millettia speciosa -香港西貢獅子會自然教育中心 Saikung, Hong Kong- (9237444113).jpg, ''Nanhaia speciosa
''Nanhaia'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Fabaceae. Its native range is Southern China to Northern Vietnam.
Description
''Nanhaia'' species are twining vines, sprawling or scrambling among rocks and scrub. Their stems a ...
''
File:Woody Vine (Callerya nieuwenhuisii) flowers (23748990615).jpg, '' Whitfordiodendron nieuwenhuisii''
File:足利の藤 (Wisteria trellises in Ashikaga) 29 Apr, 2009 - panoramio.jpg, Old '' Wisteria floribunda'' in cultivation in Japan
File:Millettia japonica natuhuji01.jpg, ''Wisteriopsis japonica
''Wisteriopsis japonica'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, native to Japan, Korea, and the Ryukyu Islands. It was first described in 1839 as ''Wisteria japonica''. (The English name Japanese wisteria is used for a differ ...
'' in cultivation
References
Fabaceae tribes
{{Faboideae-stub