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The WindSled or Inuit WindSled is a project that has as central axis a wind vehicle, unique in the world, to travel and transport equipment through polar lands, and which has been designed by the Spanish
polar explorer This list is for recognised pioneering explorers of the polar regions. It does not include subsequent travelers and expeditions. Polar explorers * Jameson Adams * Stian Aker * Valerian Albanov * Roald Amundsen * Salomon August Andrée * Piotr F ...
,
Ramón Hernando de Larramendi Ramón Hernando de Larramendi (Madrid, 1965) is a Spanish polar explorer and adventurous traveler who has promoted and developed a WindSled (also call Inuit WindSled) unique in the world, intended for the research in Antarctica and Greenland. He ...
. The vehicle is based on Inuit tradition, which Larramendi has combined with large kites so that it may progress through the interior of the Arctic and
Antarctic The Antarctic ( or , American English also or ; commonly ) is a polar region around Earth's South Pole, opposite the Arctic region around the North Pole. The Antarctic comprises the continent of Antarctica, the Kerguelen Plateau and other ...
plateau, driven by aeolian energy. It is able to transport up to of weight. As of 2017, the vehicle has successfully covered more than , driven only by the wind, reaching the Geographic South Pole, the South Pole of Inaccessibility and the highest altitude in the interior of Greenland. The Inuit WindSled has been improving for the last 18 years, during which it has served as a scientific platform for projects of different Spanish and international scientific institutions. Its purpose is to develop scientific and geographic exploration projects with zero emissions in polar regions.


Layout

The Inuit WindSled is composed of four articulated modules, each of them made up with wooden rails and crossbars between in length and in width. This is the so-called 'Larramendi platform', the name of its designer. These rails and crossbars are joined by about 2,000 knots with high resistance ropes, which gives flexibility to adapt to irregularities in the terrain. In the lower part, it has Teflon platforms to facilitate sliding. The first of the modules has a piloting tent where the kite controls are located, but it also has a work space. Next, two modules are attached for the load, and that's where all the equipment goes. The last module has another larger tent for crew rest. With this configuration, it can be divided into two vehicles when terrain and conditions require it. The WindSled works with kites of different sizes, the largest of , depending on wind conditions. Under normal conditions, its perfect average speed is about , although it has reached over in some moments. It is equipped with photovoltaic panels for the electrical supply of the scientific and communications equipment it carries on board and all the composing parts can be repaired without the need of external assistance.


History and evolution

After traveling more than through the Arctic, during the Circumpolar Expedition, Ramón H. de Larramendi learned the construction and handling of Inuit sleds and observed the force of the winds in polar territories. It was the germination of the WindSled project. At the beginning of year 2000, he designed the first models of the vehicle and after performing several tests with fiberglass and wood, he found that the latter, following the Inuit tradition, was much more effective than more modern materials. That same year, he made a first crossing in Greenland of with an incipient design that consisted of a single module with a tent on top. Despite the difficulties, it was a success. Since then the vehicle, which has been called "polar butterfly", "polar catamaran" and finally Inuit WindSled, has accomplished a total of six expeditions in Greenland and two in Antarctica, with a total distance covered of , and all of them finalizing successfully. The first crossings in Greenland, in the years 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003, strengthened the possibilities of the mobile platform on the polar terrain. It would obtain the '2001 Trip of the Year' Award from the Spanish Geographical Society. Right after the 2005-2006 Transantarctic Expedition, the expedition decided to use the vehicle for polar scientific exploration, once possibilities of navigating with a heavy load were proven. In addition to serving for geographic exploration, scientific data could be collected on the crossings. With that objective, in 2012, after the Acciona Antarctica Expedition, a prototype of two modules was presented to the Spanish polar scientific community at the Autonomous University of Madrid. It was also presented to the scientific community in Great Britain. During the 2014 and 2016 expeditions in Greenland, the WindSled designer developed new technical possibilities in two Arctic expeditions, increasing its dimensions. In 2014, the vehicle made the circumnavigation of Greenland by ice, a route of with a prototype of three modules in which four people traveled. In 2016, with the Greenland Ice Summit expedition, it became a convoy of four modules, with a total length of , a maximum of six people on board in a journey to attain the level in altitude with two tons of weight. They covered . It was confirmed that, even in extreme conditions, the WindSled was a sustainable and efficient means of transport. The last expedition, 2017 Greenland Ice River, took place in the spring of that year, with five crew on board. It took 28 days to cover and different international scientific projects related to climate change were developed in collaboration with the
East Greenland Ice-Core Project The East Greenland Ice-Core Project, known as EGRIP, is a scientific project that plans to retrieve an ice core from the Northeast Greenland ice stream. The first season in the field was 2015; the project was expected to be drilling through to th ...
(EastGRIP) scientific base at NEGIS, the
Dark Snow Project The Dark Snow Project is a field and lab exploration to measure the impact of changing wildfire and industrial soot and snow microbes on snow and ice reflectivity. The project Its initial goal was to raise funding to transport a research team to G ...
and other relevant scientific institutions.


Scientific research

In parallel to these external improvements, the interest of polar scientists has increased. Among the most relevant, the American glaciologist
Jason Box Jason Eric Box is professor in glaciology at the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland. For 10 years (2002-2012) he worked at Byrd Polar Research Center at Ohio State University, eventually a tenured physical climatology and geography associa ...
, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), and the Spaniards, Antonio Quesada, Autonomous University of Madrid and Spanish Polar Program manager, Ignacio López Moreno, Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (CSIC) and Juan José Blanco,
University of Alcalá The University of Alcalá ( es, Universidad de Alcalá) is a public university located in Alcalá de Henares, a city 35 km (22 miles) northeast of Madrid in Spain and also the third-largest city of the region. It was founded in 1293 as a ...
. With this vehicle drilling has been carried out in the interior of Greenland down to , collected data on the state of snow, air samples and data concerning cosmic rays. In 2016, the first scientific results of samples taken on the WindSled Acciona Antarctica expedition were published. An investigation, published in November in the scientific journal ''
Atmospheric Environment An atmosphere () is a layer of gas or layers of gases that envelop a planet, and is held in place by the gravity of the planetary body. A planet retains an atmosphere when the gravity is great and the temperature of the atmosphere is low. A s ...
'', revealed the existence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), from pesticides, in the interior of Antarctica. The main researchers were Jordi Dachs and Ana Cabrerizo, Institute of Environmental Diagnosis and Water Studies (IDAEA-CSIC). In 2017, polar researcher Ross Edwards, with the international Dark Snow Project,Dark Snow Project
/ref> participated as part of the expedition crew in Greenland, collecting data for the project.


Expeditions

* Greenland Traverse 2000: , 10 days. * Greenland Traverse North-South 2001: , 32 days. * Greenland Traverse South-North 2002: , 33 days. * Greenland Traverse East-West 2003: , 18 days. * WindSled Trasantarctic Expedition 2005-2006: , 62 days. * Acciona WindPowered Antarctica 2011-2012: , 38 days. * Greenland Circumnavigation 2014: , 49 days. * Greenland Ice Summit Expedition 2016: , 38 days. * Ice River Greenland 2017: {{convert, 2000, km, abbr=on, 28 days.


References


External links


Inuit WindSled

Acciona WindPowered Antarctica

Ramon Larramendi website

National Geographic

Greenland.com

ExplorersWeb

Brief YouTube video
Polar exploration Sledding Specialized polar vehicles