The Wilopo Cabinet was an

Indonesian Indonesian is anything of, from, or related to Indonesia, an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. It may refer to: * Indonesians, citizens of Indonesia ** Native Indonesians, diverse groups of local inhabitants of the archipelago ** Indonesia ...

cabinet that served from 1 April 1952 until 3 June 1953.

Composition

Cabinet Leadership

Prime Minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is ...

: Wilopo (

Indonesian National Party The Indonesian National Party ( id, Partai Nasional Indonesia, PNI) was the name used by several nationalist political parties in Indonesia from 1927 until the 2000s. The first PNI was established by future President Sukarno. After independence, th ...

– PNI) *Deputy Prime Minister: Prawoto Mangkusasmito (

Masyumi Party The Council of Indonesian Muslim Associations ( id, Partai Majelis Syuro Muslimin Indonesia), better known as the Masyumi Party, was a major Islamic political party in Indonesia during the Liberal Democracy Era in Indonesia. It was banned in 1 ...

)

Cabinet Members

*Minister of Foreign Affairs ''ad interim'': Wilopo (

- PNI) *Minister of Home Affairs:

Mohammad Roem Mohammad Roem (; May 16, 1908 – September 24, 1983) was a diplomat and one of Indonesia's leaders in the Indonesian war for independence. During the Sukarno presidency, he served as Deputy Prime Minister, Foreign Minister, and later Min ...

(

) *Minister of Defense: Sultan Hamengkubuwana IX *Minister of Justice: Lukman Wiriadinata (

Socialist Party of Indonesia The Socialist Party of Indonesia ( id, Partai Sosialis Indonesia) was a political party in Indonesia from 1948 until 1960, when it was banned by President Sukarno. Origins In December 1945 Amir Sjarifoeddin's Socialist Party of Indonesia (Pars ...

- PSI) *Minister of Information: Arnold Mononutu (

– PNI) *Minister of Finance:

Sumitro Djojohadikusumo Sumitro Djojohadikusumo (EVO: Soemitro Djojohadikoesoemo; 29 May 1917 – 9 March 2001) was an Indonesian politician and one of the country's most influential economists. He held notable roles under both presidents Sukarno and Suharto intermitte ...

(

- PSI) *Minister of Agriculture: Mohammad Sardjan (

) *Minister of Economic Affairs:

Soemanang Soerjowinoto Soemanang Soerjowinoto (EYD: Sumanang Suryowinoto, 1 May 1908 – 13 June 1988) was an Indonesian journalist, politician, and banker. Born in Yogyakarta, Soemanang entered journalism after working in law for some time, founding his first newspap ...

(

– PNI) *Minister of Transport: Djuanda *Minister of Public Works and Power: Suwarto (PKRI) *Minister of Labor: Iskandar Tedjasukmana ( Labour Party) *Minister of Social Affairs: Anwar Tjokroaminoto (

Indonesian Islamic Union Party Indonesian Islamic Union Party ( id, Partai Sarekat Islam Indonesia) was an Islamic political party in Indonesia before and after independence. In 1973 it was merged into the United Development Party. The pre-independence party Establishment a ...

- PSII) *Minister of Education & Culture: Bahder Djohan *Minister of Religious Affairs: Fakih Usman (

) *Minister of Health: Dr. Johannes Leimena ( Parkindo) *Minister of Employee Affairs: R. P. Soeroso (Parindra)

Tenure

17 October affair

The Wilopo Cabinet's proposals to reorganize the army to conserve budgets were unpopular with the

army An army (from Old French ''armee'', itself derived from the Latin verb ''armāre'', meaning "to arm", and related to the Latin noun ''arma'', meaning "arms" or "weapons"), ground force or land force is a fighting force that fights primarily on ...

. The Army's high command came into dispute with the parliament in what it saw as excessive civilian meddling within military affairs. After a dismissal of a pro-government officer in July 1952, the parliament began demanding a significant restructuring of armed forces leadership, and after three months tensions culminated in thousands of demonstrators mobilized by the army in Jakarta. President Sukarno managed to temper the demonstrators and assure the army officers, but refused to concede to any demands. Soon after the incident, a significant proportion of the army's high command was replaced.

Tanjung Morawa affair

On 16 March 1953, a clash between peasant

squatters Squatting is the action of occupying an abandoned or unoccupied area of land or a building, usually residential, that the squatter does not own, rent or otherwise have lawful permission to use. The United Nations estimated in 2003 that there ...

and the

police The police are a constituted body of persons empowered by a state, with the aim to enforce the law, to ensure the safety, health and possessions of citizens, and to prevent crime and civil disorder. Their lawful powers include arrest a ...

occurred in Tanjung Morawa,

North Sumatra North Sumatra ( id, Sumatra Utara) is a province of Indonesia located on the northern part of the island of Sumatra. Its capital and largest city is Medan. North Sumatra is Indonesia's fourth most populous province after West Java, East Java ...

. The incident, known as the

Tanjung Morawa affair The Tanjung Morawa affair ( id, Peristiwa Tanjung Morawa) was a clash between peasant squatters and the police which occurred on 16 March 1953 in Tanjung Morawa, North Sumatra. The incident, which stemmed from a land dispute between the squatters ...

, resulted in the downfall of the cabinet.

Changes

* Mukarto Notowidagdo (PNI) was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs on 29 April 1952, releasing Wilopo from his dual role. * On 11 May 1953 Social Minister Anwar Tjokroaminoto resigned and was replaced by Employee Affairs Minister Suroso. Responsibility for employee affairs was transferred to Prime Minister. * On 2 January 1953 Defense Minister Sultan Hamengkubuwana IX resigned and Prime Minister Wilopo became ''ad interim'' Defense Minister.

References

Bibliography

* * Cabinets of Indonesia Liberal democracy period in Indonesia 1952 establishments in Indonesia 1953 disestablishments in Indonesia Cabinets established in 1952 Cabinets disestablished in 1953 {{Indonesia-stub