The Wilopo Cabinet was an

Indonesian Indonesian is anything of, from, or related to Indonesia, an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. It may refer to: * Indonesians, citizens of Indonesia ** Native Indonesians, diverse groups of local inhabitants of the archipelago ** Indonesian ...

cabinet that served from 1 April 1952 until 3 June 1953.

Composition

Cabinet Leadership

Prime Minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is not ...

Wilopo Wilopo ( ; 21 October 1909 – 1 June 1981) was an Indonesian politician and lawyer of the Indonesian National Party (PNI), who served as the seventh prime minister of Indonesia from his appointment in April 1952 until his resignation in June 1 ...

(

Indonesian National Party The Indonesian National Party ( id, Partai Nasional Indonesia, PNI) was the name used by several nationalist political parties in Indonesia from 1927 until the 2000s. The first PNI was established by future President Sukarno. After independence, th ...

– PNI) *Deputy Prime Minister:

Prawoto Mangkusasmito Prawoto Mangkusasmito (4 January 1910 – 24 July 1970) was an Indonesian politician who served as the final chairman of the Masyumi political party prior to its dissolution in 1960. He also served as the Deputy Prime Minister of Indonesia durin ...

(

Masyumi Party The Council of Indonesian Muslim Associations ( id, Partai Majelis Syuro Muslimin Indonesia), better known as the Masyumi Party, was a major Islamic political party in Indonesia during the Liberal Democracy Era in Indonesia. It was banned in ...

)

Cabinet Members

*Minister of Foreign Affairs ''ad interim'':

(

- PNI) *Minister of Home Affairs:

Mohammad Roem Mohammad Roem (; May 16, 1908 – September 24, 1983) was a diplomat and one of Indonesia's leaders in the Indonesian war for independence. During the Sukarno presidency, he served as Deputy Prime Minister, Foreign Minister, and later Min ...

(

) *Minister of Defense: Sultan

Hamengkubuwana IX Hamengkubuwono IX or HB IX (12 April 1912 – 2 October 1988) was an Indonesian statesman and royal who was the second vice president of Indonesia, the ninth sultan of Yogyakarta, and the first governor of the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Hamen ...

*Minister of Justice: Lukman Wiriadinata (

Socialist Party of Indonesia The Socialist Party of Indonesia ( id, Partai Sosialis Indonesia) was a political party in Indonesia from 1948 until 1960, when it was banned by President Sukarno. Origins In December 1945 Amir Sjarifoeddin's Socialist Party of Indonesia (Pars ...

- PSI) *Minister of Information:

Arnold Mononutu Arnoldus Isaac Zacharias Mononutu (4 December 1896 – 5 September 1983) was an Indonesian nationalist, politician, and national hero of Indonesia from North Sulawesi, who served as Minister of Information from 1949 until 1950, and the again from ...

(

– PNI) *Minister of Finance:

Sumitro Djojohadikusumo Sumitro Djojohadikusumo ( EVO: Soemitro Djojohadikoesoemo; 29 May 1917 – 9 March 2001) was an Indonesian politician and one of the country's most influential economists. He held notable roles under both presidents Sukarno and Suharto intermitt ...

(

- PSI) *Minister of Agriculture: Mohammad Sardjan (

) *Minister of Economic Affairs:

Soemanang Soerjowinoto Soemanang Soerjowinoto ( EYD: Sumanang Suryowinoto, 1 May 1908 – 13 June 1988) was an Indonesian journalist, politician, and banker. Born in Yogyakarta, Soemanang entered journalism after working in law for some time, founding his first newspa ...

(

– PNI) *Minister of Transport:

Djuanda Raden Djuanda Kartawidjaja ( EYD: Raden Juanda Kartawijaya; 14 January 1911 – 7 November 1963), commonly known as Djuanda Kartawidjaja, usually referred to simply as Djuanda, was an Indonesian politician and ethnic Sundanese noble from the cour ...

*Minister of Public Works and Power: Suwarto (PKRI) *Minister of Labor: Iskandar Tedjasukmana ( Labour Party) *Minister of Social Affairs:

Anwar Tjokroaminoto Oetarjo Anwar Tjokroaminoto (3 May 1909 – 16 November 1975) was an Indonesian politician and journalist. He served as Minister of Social Affairs for a year in the Wilopo Cabinet, and was the Prime Minister of Pasundan for less than a month dur ...

(

Indonesian Islamic Union Party Indonesian Islamic Union Party ( id, Partai Sarekat Islam Indonesia) was an Islamic political party in Indonesia before and after independence. In 1973 it was merged into the United Development Party. The pre-independence party Establishment an ...

- PSII) *Minister of Education & Culture:

Bahder Djohan Bahder Djohan (30 July 1902 – 8 March 1981) was an Indonesian politician who served as the 6th Minister of Education and Culture of Indonesia. He served in the Natsir and Wilopo Cabinets. Background Bahder Djohan was the 5 10 childre ...

*Minister of Religious Affairs:

Fakih Usman Fakih Usman (Alternatively spelled as Faqih Usman; ; 2 March 1904 – 3 October 1968) was an Indonesian Islamic leader and politician of the Masyumi Party. He twice served as the Minister of Religious Affairs under the cabinets of Abdul ...

(

) *Minister of Health: Dr. Johannes Leimena (

Parkindo The Indonesian Christian Party ( id, Partai Kristen Indonesia), better known as Parkindo, was a Christian political party active in Indonesia from 1950 until 1973, when it was merged to make the Indonesian Democratic Party. Founded by Johannes ...

) *Minister of Employee Affairs: R. P. Soeroso (Parindra)

Tenure

17 October affair

The Wilopo Cabinet's proposals to reorganize the army to conserve budgets were unpopular with the

army An army (from Old French ''armee'', itself derived from the Latin verb ''armāre'', meaning "to arm", and related to the Latin noun ''arma'', meaning "arms" or "weapons"), ground force or land force is a fighting force that fights primarily on ...

. The Army's high command came into dispute with the parliament in what it saw as excessive civilian meddling within military affairs. After a dismissal of a pro-government officer in July 1952, the parliament began demanding a significant restructuring of armed forces leadership, and after three months tensions culminated in thousands of demonstrators mobilized by the army in

Jakarta Jakarta (; , bew, Jakarte), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta ( id, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta) is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Lying on the northwest coast of Java, the world's most populous island, Jakarta ...

. President Sukarno managed to temper the demonstrators and assure the army officers, but refused to concede to any demands. Soon after the incident, a significant proportion of the army's high command was replaced.

Tanjung Morawa affair

On 16 March 1953, a clash between peasant

squatters Squatting is the action of occupying an abandoned or unoccupied area of land or a building, usually residential, that the squatter does not own, rent or otherwise have lawful permission to use. The United Nations estimated in 2003 that there ...

and the

police The police are a constituted body of persons empowered by a state, with the aim to enforce the law, to ensure the safety, health and possessions of citizens, and to prevent crime and civil disorder. Their lawful powers include arrest and t ...

occurred in

Tanjung Morawa Tanjung Morawa is a large town and administrative district (''kecamatan'') within Deli Serdang Regency of North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. It has an area of and had a population of 223,450 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 20 ...

North Sumatra North Sumatra ( id, Sumatra Utara) is a province of Indonesia located on the northern part of the island of Sumatra. Its capital and largest city is Medan. North Sumatra is Indonesia's fourth most populous province after West Java, East Java and ...

. The incident, known as the Tanjung Morawa affair, resulted in the downfall of the cabinet.

Changes

* Mukarto Notowidagdo (PNI) was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs on 29 April 1952, releasing Wilopo from his dual role. * On 11 May 1953 Social Minister Anwar Tjokroaminoto resigned and was replaced by Employee Affairs Minister Suroso. Responsibility for employee affairs was transferred to Prime Minister. * On 2 January 1953 Defense Minister Sultan Hamengkubuwana IX resigned and Prime Minister Wilopo became ''ad interim'' Defense Minister.

References

Bibliography

* * Cabinets of Indonesia Liberal democracy period in Indonesia 1952 establishments in Indonesia 1953 disestablishments in Indonesia Cabinets established in 1952 Cabinets disestablished in 1953 {{Indonesia-stub