Willy Cohn
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Dr. Willy Cohn (12 December 1888 in Breslau – 29 November 1941 in
Kaunas, Lithuania Kaunas (; ; also see other names) is the second-largest city in Lithuania after Vilnius and an important centre of Lithuanian economic, academic, and cultural life. Kaunas was the largest city and the centre of a county in the Duchy of Traka ...
) was a German historian and teacher. During the
Nazi era Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...
, he documented the Jewish life in Breslau in his diaries, until he and his family were deported to German-occupied
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and killed. Cohn's diaries, translated into English and condensed, were published in 2012 as ''No Justice in Germany: The Breslau Diaries, 1933-1941'' by
Stanford University Press Stanford University Press (SUP) is the publishing house of Stanford University. It is one of the oldest academic presses in the United States and the first university press to be established on the West Coast. It was among the presses officially ...
. Along with Victor Klemperer, Cohn was one of the most important chroniclers of the crimes of the Nazi regime against the Jewish people.


Biography

Willy Cohn came from a wealthy Jewish merchant family in Breslau. Starting in 1906, he studied history in Breslau and
Heidelberg Heidelberg (; Palatine German language, Palatine German: ''Heidlberg'') is a city in the States of Germany, German state of Baden-Württemberg, situated on the river Neckar in south-west Germany. As of the 2016 census, its population was 159,914 ...
. He completed his degree in 1909 with a dissertation about the Norman-Sicilian fleet, which was published in Breslau in 1910. Cohn took the examination to qualify as a gymnasium teacher, although he aspired to pursue an academic career at the University of Breslau. He was unable to realize his plans because of discrimination against Jewish academics. Cohn became a teacher at Breslau's gymnasium in 1919. One of those students was the historian
Walter Laqueur Walter Ze'ev Laqueur (26 May 1921 – 30 September 2018) was a German-born American historian, journalist and political commentator. He was an influential scholar on the subjects of terrorism and political violence. Biography Walter Laqueur was ...
, who in 1996 called attention to Cohn's diaries. Despite increasing repression after the
Nazis Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Na ...
came to power, Cohn still felt connected to
Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
and remained in Breslau with his second wife and two daughters. In his diaries, he documented life under Nazi rule and the subsequent destruction of Breslau's Jewish community, then the third largest in Germany. As the persecution of
Jews Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...
in Germany grew worse, the Cohns considered emigration. Cohn and his wife visited
Palestine __NOTOC__ Palestine may refer to: * State of Palestine, a state in Western Asia * Palestine (region), a geographic region in Western Asia * Palestinian territories, territories occupied by Israel since 1967, namely the West Bank (including East ...
in 1937, but it offered no employment prospects to Cohn, who was not healthy enough to perform physical labor. When they wanted to flee after the Kristallnacht in 1938, it was too late; after the outbreak of the
Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
, the Nazi regime no longer allowed emigration. The Cohns endured the Nazi reign of terror in Breslau; they were arrested on November 21, 1941 and deported to German-occupied
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. A few days later, on November 29, 1941, Cohn and his family were shot in the
Ninth Fort The Ninth Fort ( lt, Devintas Fortas) is a stronghold in the northern part of Šilainiai elderate, Kaunas, Lithuania. It is a part of the Kaunas Fortress, which was constructed in the late 19th century. During the occupation of Kaunas and th ...
, together with 2000 other Jews from Breslau and
Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...
. In 2010, a plaque commemorating Cohn was unveiled on Wrocław's
Market Square The market square (or sometimes, the market place) is a Town square, square meant for trading, in which a market is held. It is an important feature of many towns and cities around the world.Jerusalem Jerusalem (; he, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ; ar, القُدس ) (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names); grc, Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα, Hierousalḗm/Hierosóluma; hy, Երուսաղեմ, Erusałēm. i ...
and were first published in December 2006. Cohn is considered along with Victor Klemperer as one of the most important chroniclers of the crimes of the Nazis against the Jewish people. Cohn left a record of everyday Jewish life in Germany after 1933, under conditions of gradually increasing economic, social and cultural oppression. Acknowledging the threat from the Nazi regime in his diaries, he wrote in August 1935: "From now on, I plan to record our Jewish fate more intently; perhaps it will be of interest to later generations". His condensed diaries were published in English in 2012 by
Stanford University Press Stanford University Press (SUP) is the publishing house of Stanford University. It is one of the oldest academic presses in the United States and the first university press to be established on the West Coast. It was among the presses officially ...
as ''No Justice in Germany: The Breslau Diaries, 1933-1941''. The review at H-Net noted:"Walch on Cohn and Conrads, 'No Justice in Germany: The Breslau Diaries, 1933-1941'"
'' H-Net''
It is rare that such perceptive and comprehensive accounts of this time period survive, and Conrads and Kronenberg he editor and the translatorhelp fulfill Cohn's desire to inform future generations about his experiences. Similar to Victor Klemperer's diary, Cohn's detailed account describes what it was like to be a Jew living in the Third Reich. (...) The condensed diaries and helpful background information should certainly encourage a wider readership and general audience.


Selected works


In English

*''No Justice in Germany: The Breslau Diaries, 1933-1941''. Willy Cohn. Edited by Norbert Conrads, translated by Kenneth Kronenberg. 2012:
Stanford University Press Stanford University Press (SUP) is the publishing house of Stanford University. It is one of the oldest academic presses in the United States and the first university press to be established on the West Coast. It was among the presses officially ...
. .


In German

* ''„Kein Recht, nirgends.“ Tagebuch vom Untergang des Breslauer Judentums 1933–1941'' (= ''Neue Forschungen zur schlesischen Geschichte.'' Bd. 13, 1–2). Herausgegeben von Norbert Conrads. 2 Bände. Böhlau, Köln u. a. 2006, . ** Auszug: ''„Kein Recht – nirgends“. Breslauer Tagebücher 1933–1941. Eine Auswahl'' (= ''Bundeszentrale für Politische Bildung. Schriftenreihe.'' Bd. 768). Herausgegeben von Norbert Conrads. Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung, Bonn 2009, . ** Auszug: ''„Kein Recht – nirgends“. Breslauer Tagebücher 1933–1941. Eine Auswahl.'' Herausgegeben von Norbert Conrads. Böhlau, Köln u. a. 2008, . ** ''Als Jude in Breslau, 1941. (Aus den Tagebüchern von Willy Israel Cohn).'' Herausgegeben von Joseph Walk. Attali Print-Office, Jerusalem 1975 (2. Auflage. Bleicher, Gerlingen 1984, ). * ''Verwehte Spuren. Erinnerungen an das Breslauer Judentum vor seinem Untergang'' (= ''Neue Forschungen zur schlesischen Geschichte.'' Bd. 3). Böhlau, Köln u. a. 1995, . * ''Die Geschichte der sizilischen Flotte. 1060–1266.'' Vereinigter Neudruck dreier Abhandlungen aus den Jahren 1910–1926 mit Anhang: Die Basler Konzilsflotte des Jahres 1437. Die Bedeutung der Seemacht in der Geschichte. Scientia, Aalen 1978, . * ''Juden und Staufer in Unteritalien und Sizilien. Aufsätze zur Geschichte der Juden im Mittelalter, über ihr Verhältnis zu den Stauferkaisern und den Königen von Sizilien, sowie zur allgemeinen Staufergeschichte. Eine Sammlung verstreut erschienener Schriften aus den Jahren 1919–1936.'' Scientia, Aalen 1978, . * ''Hermann von Salza'' (= ''Abhandlungen der Schlesischen Gesellschaft für Vaterländische Cultur.'' Geisteswissenschaftliche Reihe, Bd. 4, ). M. & H. Marcus, Breslau 1930 (Neudruck. Mit Anhang: ''Hat Hermann von Salza das Deutschordensland betreten?'' Scientia-Verlag, Aalen 1978, ). * ''Kaiser Friedrich II.'' (= ''Teubners Quellensammlung für den Geschichtsunterricht.'' 4. Reihe, Bd. 14, ). B. G. Teubner, Leipzig u. a. 1930. * ''Wilhelm Liebknecht. Ein Lebensbild. Der Jugend erzählt.'' Volkswacht-Buchhandlung, Breslau 1930. * ''Die Geschichte der Juden in Schlesien''. In Erwin Hintze: ''Das Judentum in der Geschichte Schlesiens''. Katalog der vom Verein „Jüdisches Museum Breslau“ in den Räumen des Schlesischen Museums für Kunstgewerbe und Altertümer veranstalteten Ausstellung. Breslau 1929. * ''Ein Lebensbild von August Bebel. Der Jugend erzählt.'' Volkswacht-Buchhandlung, Breslau 1927. * ''Capistrano, ein Breslauer Judenfeind in der Mönchskutte.'' In: ''Menorah. Jüdisches Familienblatt für Wissenschaft, Kunst und Literatur.'' Jg. 4, Nr. 5, Mai 1926, , S. 262–265, Online auf der Digitalbibliothek der 110 wichtigsten deutschsprachigen jüdischen Zeitschriften Compactmemory, das von der DFG finanziert wurde und sich auf den Seiten der Goetheuniversität Frankfurt befindet. Online hie

(Mai 1926 auswählen und das PDF des Authors Cohn abrufen S. 262 folgende). Abhandlung über die Durchführung eines progromhaften Prozesses durch den Wanderprediger und Judenverfolger Johannes Capistranus gegen die Juden von Breslau im Jahre 1543, bei dem 42 Menschen zu Tode kamen und alle ca. 300 Juden aus Breslau vertrieben wurde. Grund für die Anklage war ein erfundenes Verbrechen, ein Hostienfrevel. 1690 wurde Capistranus heiliggesprochen und ist es noch heute (2014). * ''Die Geschichte der sizilischen Flotte unter der Regierung Friedrichs II. (1197–1250).'' Priebatsch, Breslau 1926 (Neudruck in: ''Die Geschichte der sizilischen Flotte. 1060–1266.'' 1978). * ''Das Zeitalter der Hohenstaufen in Sizilien. Ein Beitrag zur Entstehung des modernen Beamtenstaates'' (= ''Untersuchungen zur deutschen Staats- und Rechts-Geschichte.'' Heft 134, ). Marcus, Breslau 1925 (2. Neudruck. Scientia-Verlag, Aalen 1995, ). * ''Ein Lebensbild von Friedrich Engels. Der Jugend erzählt.'' Volkswacht-Buchhandlung, Breslau 1925 * ''Ein Lebensbild von Karl Marx. Der Jugend erzählt.'' Volkswacht-Buchhandlung, Breslau 1923. * ''Ein Lebensbild Ferdinand Lassalles. Der Jugend erzählt.'' J. H. W. Dietz Nachf., Stuttgart 1921. * ''Das Zeitalter der Normannen in Sizilien'' (= ''Bücherei der Kultur und Geschichte.'' Bd. 6, ). Schröder, Bonn u. a. 1920. * ''Die Geschichte der sizilischen Flotte unter der Regierung Konrads IV. und Manfreds. (1250–1266)'' (= ''Abhandlungen zur Verkehrs- und Seegeschichte.'' Bd. 9, ). Curtius, Berlin 1920 (Neudruck. Scientia-Verlag, Aalen 1978, ). * ''Die Geschichte der normannisch-sicilischen Flotte unter der Regierung Rogers I. und Rogers II. (1060-1154)'' (= ''Historische Untersuchungen.'' Heft 1, ). Marcus, Breslau 1910 (Neudruck in: ''Die Geschichte der sizilischen Flotte. 1060–1266.'' 1978).


Further reading

* Julia Becker: ''„Normannen-Cohn“. Der Breslauer Historiker Willy Cohn (1888–1941).'' In: '' Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken.'' Bd. 87, 2007, S. 385–395 (Available online at the online publications platform perspektivia.net at this
link
.


See also

*
List of Holocaust diarists Diarists who wrote diaries concerning the Holocaust (1941-1945). * Mary Berg * Hélène Berr - a French diarist * Willy Cohn * Adam Czerniaków * Arnold Daghani * Petr Ginz * Zalman Gradowski * Etty Hillesum - Dutch Jewish diarist and Holocaust ...
*
List of diarists This is an international list of diarists who have Wikipedia pages and whose journals have been published. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z Diaries of disputed authenticity *The B ...
* List of posthumous publications of Holocaust victims


References


External links

*
Publication list in the online catalog
of the Berlin State Library
Biography in Die Zeit
(14 December 2006) * Walter Laqueur on his former teacher Willy Cohn and Cohn's diaries in
Die Welt ''Die Welt'' ("The World") is a German national daily newspaper, published as a broadsheet by Axel Springer SE. ''Die Welt'' is the flagship newspaper of the Axel Springer publishing group. Its leading competitors are the ''Frankfurter Allg ...
, 29 January 2007, online versio
hier


{{DEFAULTSORT:Cohn, Willy German Jews who died in the Holocaust Writers from Wrocław German medievalists Jewish historians 1888 births 1941 deaths Holocaust diarists