The Willis Avenue Bridge is a
swing bridge
A swing bridge (or swing span bridge) is a movable bridge that has as its primary structural support a vertical locating pin and support ring, usually at or near to its center of gravity, about which the swing span (turning span) can then pi ...
that carries road traffic northbound (and bicycles and pedestrians both ways) over the
Harlem River
The Harlem River is an tidal strait in New York, United States, flowing between the Hudson River and the East River and separating the island of Manhattan from the Bronx on the New York mainland.
The northern stretch, also called the Spuyt ...
between the
New York City
New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the Un ...
boroughs
A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term ''borough'' designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely.
History
In the Middle A ...
of
Manhattan
Manhattan (), known regionally as the City, is the most densely populated and geographically smallest of the five boroughs of New York City. The borough is also coextensive with New York County, one of the original counties of the U.S. state ...
and
the Bronx
The Bronx () is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Bronx County, in the state of New York. It is south of Westchester County; north and east of the New York City borough of Manhattan, across the Harlem River; and north of the New Y ...
,
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territori ...
. It connects
First Avenue in Manhattan with Willis Avenue in the Bronx. The
New York City Department of Transportation
The New York City Department of Transportation (NYCDOT) is the agency of the government of New York City responsible for the management of much of New York City's transportation infrastructure. Ydanis Rodriguez is the Commissioner of the Depart ...
is responsible for maintaining and operating the bridge.
The bridge is part of the course for the annual
New York City Marathon
The New York City Marathon (currently branded TCS New York City Marathon after its headline sponsor (commercial), sponsor) is an annual Marathon (sport), marathon () that courses through the five boroughs of New York City. It is the largest mar ...
. The runners, after crossing over from Manhattan to The Bronx via the bridge (which has been dubbed "the wall" because it marks the 20-mile point on the run
) then follow a short course through the borough and return to Manhattan for the race's final leg via the
Madison Avenue Bridge
__notoc__
The Madison Avenue Bridge is a four-lane swing bridge crossing the Harlem River in New York City, connecting Madison Avenue in Manhattan with East 138th Street in the Bronx. It was designed by Alfred P. Boller and built in 1910, doubl ...
.
Between 2000 and 2014, the bridge opened for vessels 214 times.
History
Old bridge
![Willis Avenue Bridge from river jeh](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Willis_Avenue_Bridge_from_river_jeh.jpg)
The bridge opened in 1901, at an original construction cost of $1,640,523.11 and a land cost of $803,988.37.
It consisted of a swing span, and a fixed truss span. Major reinforcing work was done in 1916. However, in 1941, the bridge failed monthly inspection and therefore was converted to one-way operation northbound on August 5, 1941 on the same day the
Third Avenue Bridge was similarly converted to one-way southbound.
Due to its poor condition, the bridge was replaced starting in 2007 and converted to pedestrian-only traffic for three years, and then was dismantled once a sidewalk was put in on the new bridge.
New bridge
![Willis Av Br pass MAP jeh](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Willis_Av_Br_pass_MAP_jeh.jpg)
In November 2005,
New York City
New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the Un ...
sought to replace the bridge. In an effort to preserve the structure, the city offered it for sale for $1, with free delivery within 15 miles.
Due to the difficult logistics of moving the structure, there were no bids as of March 2007.
On April 12, 2011, granite from the structure was given to a nearby park while the metal part was moved via tug to
Jersey City. The steel was melted down and the concrete parts were made into fill.
The Department of Transportation opted to construct a new structure to the south of the existing bridge at a projected cost of $417 million. On March 8, 2007, when bidding for construction was opened, of the two bids offered, the lowest came in at $612 million.
Iris Weinshall
Iris Weinshall (born September 5, 1953) is the chief operating officer of The New York Public Library,Pogrebin, RobiWeinshall to Become New York Public Library’s Chief Operating Officer/ref> former vice chancellor at the City University of New ...
, the department commissioner, said that the city had to go forward with the project because maintenance of the existing bridge was too expensive and the design of the ramps contributed to frequent accidents. This was the most costly bridge construction project by the New York City Department of Transportation. Weinshall expected the project to last five years with construction beginning around the end of 2007.
![Wills Av Br traffic shifted jeh](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Wills_Av_Br_traffic_shifted_jeh.jpg)
The replacement bridge was constructed at
Port of Coeymans
A port is a maritime facility comprising one or more wharves or loading areas, where ships load and discharge cargo and passengers. Although usually situated on a sea coast or estuary, ports can also be found far inland, such as Ha ...
, 10 miles south of
Albany. On July 13, 2010, the bridge was shipped down the Hudson on two barges that were welded together. The new bridge is 350 feet long, 65 feet high and 77 feet wide; it required three tugboats to propel it. The sight of the floating bridge caused a stir among onlookers all along the Hudson.
After a stay at
Port Jersey
Port Jersey, officially the Port Jersey Port Authority Marine Terminal and referred to as the Port Jersey Marine Terminal, is an intermodal freight transport facility that includes a container terminal located on the Upper New York Bay in the ...
in
Jersey City it was towed up the East River to its destination in the morning on July 26. Motor traffic was shifted to the new bridge on October 2, 2010, though the walkway of the old bridge continued to serve pedestrians and cyclists for a few weeks.
Just upstream, the
Third Avenue Bridge carries southbound traffic across the Harlem River from the Bronx to Manhattan as the other side of a
one-way pair
A one-way pair, one-way couple, or couplet refers to that portion of a bi-directional traffic facilitysuch as a road, bus, streetcar, or light rail linewhere its opposing flows exist as two independent and roughly parallel facilities.
Descripti ...
. That bridge was replaced in 2004.
In popular culture
"Willis Avenue Bridge" is the name of a song by
David Berkeley
David Berkeley (born David Berkeley Friedland, 22 September 1976) is an American singer and songwriter.
He has released four studio albums, one live album and has published a book, all of them self-produced under the ''Straw Man'' label, in a r ...
from his 2009 album ''
Strange Light''.
"Beneath the Willis Bridge" is the name of the 2015 album released by 80 REEF.
In a famous publicity photo for the film
Midnight Cowboy
''Midnight Cowboy'' is a 1969 American drama film, based on the 1965 novel of the same name by James Leo Herlihy. The film was written by Waldo Salt, directed by John Schlesinger, and stars Dustin Hoffman and Jon Voight, with notable smaller ...
, Joe Buck and Ratso Rizzo (Jon Voight and Dustin Hoffman) are seen walking on the old Willis Avenue Bridge.
Public transportation
The Willis Avenue Bridge carries the bus route operated by
MTA New York City Transit
The New York City Transit Authority (also known as NYCTA, the TA, or simply Transit, and branded as MTA New York City Transit) is a public-benefit corporation in the U.S. state of New York that operates public transportation in New York City. P ...
. The route's average weekday ridership is 19,951.
References
External links
NYCRoads.com: Willis Avenue Bridge Historic OverviewNew York City Department of Transportation - Willis Avenue Bridge
{{NYC Bridge
Swing bridges in the United States
Bridges completed in 1901
Bridges in the Bronx
Bridges in Manhattan
Bridges completed in 2010
Road bridges in New York City
Harlem
Bridges over the Harlem River
Pedestrian bridges in New York City
Metal bridges in the United States
Truss bridges in the United States