William Rush Merriam (July 26, 1849February 18, 1931) was an American
politician
A politician is a person active in party politics, or a person holding or seeking an elected office in government. Politicians propose, support, reject and create laws that govern the land and by an extension of its people. Broadly speaking, a ...
and banker. A
Republican, he served as the eighth
Governor of Minnesota
The governor of Minnesota is the head of government of the U.S. state of Minnesota, leading the state's executive branch. Forty people have been governor of Minnesota, though historically there were also three governors of Minnesota Territory. ...
from 1889 to 1893.
Life and career
Merriam was born in Wadham's Mills, New York, the son of Mahala Kimpton (Delano) and
Minnesota House Speaker John L. Merriam. He served in the
Minnesota House of Representatives in 1883 and 1887 and was the Speaker of the House in 1887. He served as the
11th Governor of Minnesota from January 9, 1889 to January 4, 1893. He was a
Republican.
By 1888 a split in the state Republican Party was reflected in an unorthodox selection of a gubernatorial candidate. Instead of supporting the reform-minded incumbent,
Andrew Ryan McGill, a majority of party stalwarts rallied behind William Merriam, an ambitious
St. Paul banker and speaker of the Minnesota House of Representatives.
Merriam's re-election campaign two years later was affected by another, more widespread phenomenon, the
Farmers' Alliance. This third party of disaffected Republicans and
Democrats was dedicated to promoting the commercial and social interests of agrarian America. Merriam defeated the Alliance candidate in 1890, but the upstart party significantly eroded his plurality.
As governor, Merriam was a thrifty executive who was more interested in limiting spending than in legislative reform. The most notable legacy of his administration was the adoption of the
Australian ballot
The secret ballot, also known as the Australian ballot, is a voting method in which a voter's identity in an election or a referendum is anonymous. This forestalls attempts to influence the voter by intimidation, blackmailing, and potential vote ...
, which allowed citizens to vote in comparative privacy. In his private life, the sociable Merriam was keen on sports, owned horses, and was said to possess "good nature, gracious manners, and an attractive personality."
Merriam's final accomplishment was appropriate for a banker and businessman who could work well with both people and numbers. He was director of the twelfth
national census and later persuaded
Congress
A congress is a formal meeting of the representatives of different countries, constituent states, organizations, trade unions, political parties, or other groups. The term originated in Late Middle English to denote an encounter (meeting of a ...
to establish a permanent
Census Bureau, where he served as its first director. Merriam never returned to
Minnesota
Minnesota () is a state in the upper midwestern region of the United States. It is the 12th largest U.S. state in area and the 22nd most populous, with over 5.75 million residents. Minnesota is home to western prairies, now given over to ...
, but retired instead to
Florida
Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, and to ...
, where he died in Port Sewall
[Obituary,''The Washington Post'', Washington, D.C., 20 Feb 1931]
Port Sewall
is a populated place
Population typically refers to the number of people in a single area, whether it be a city or town, region, country, continent, or the world. Governments typically quantify the size of the resident population within their jurisdiction using a ...
in Martin County south of Stuart, Florida
Stuart is a city in and the seat of Martin County, Florida, United States. Located on Florida's Treasure Coast, Stuart is the largest of four incorporated municipalities in Martin County. The population is 17,425 according to the 2020 United State ...
. at age 81.
Remains
His three-quarter portrait by the Swiss born American artist
Adolfo Müller-Ury (1862–1947) was painted in 1892. This and a portrait of his wife were exhibited in St. Paul in that year. A small, bust-length portrait, is now in the collection of the Newport Preservation Society, Rhode Island; it was formerly in the collections of
Jessica Dragonette
Jessica Valentina Dragonette (February 14, 1900 – March 18, 1980) was a singer who became popular on American radio and was active in the World War II effort.
Early life
Born in Calcutta, India, or Philadelphia, Pennsylvania as Jessica Valent ...
and the University of Wyoming. Müller-Ury is also known to have painted a portrait of their son Amherst Merriam as a baby.
Merriam is buried at
Rock Creek Cemetery in
Washington, DC
)
, image_skyline =
, image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan ...
.
References
External links
Biographical informationand hi
gubernatorial recordsare available for research use at th
Minnesota Historical Society.Minnesota Legislators Past and Present
{{DEFAULTSORT:Merriam, William Rush
1849 births
1931 deaths
Republican Party governors of Minnesota
Speakers of the Minnesota House of Representatives
Republican Party members of the Minnesota House of Representatives
American Episcopalians
United States Census Bureau people
Theodore Roosevelt administration personnel