William Lockhart (3 October 1811 – 29 April 1896) was a

Protestant Protestantism is a Christian denomination, branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Reformation, Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century agai ...

Christian missionary who served with the

London Missionary Society The London Missionary Society was an interdenominational evangelical missionary society formed in England in 1795 at the instigation of Welsh Congregationalist minister Edward Williams. It was largely Reformed in outlook, with Congregational miss ...

during the late

Qing Dynasty The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speak ...

in China. In 1844, he founded the first western hospital in Shanghai, which was known as the Chinese Hospital. The hospital is named

Renji Hospital Renji Hospital () is a general hospital in the Pudong District of Shanghai, China, with the rank of "Grade 3, Class A". The hospital is a university hospital affiliated to the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. History Renji ...

now, which is one of the most famous hospitals in China.

Biography

Lockhart was born in Liverpool and received medical training at

Meath Hospital The Meath Hospital ( ga, Ospidéal na Mí) was a general hospital in the Earl of Meath's Liberty in Dublin, Ireland. It was absorbed into the Tallaght Hospital in June 1998. History The hospital was opened to serve the sick and poor in the crow ...

Dublin Dublin (; , or ) is the capital and largest city of Republic of Ireland, Ireland. On a bay at the mouth of the River Liffey, it is in the Provinces of Ireland, province of Leinster, bordered on the south by the Dublin Mountains, a part of th ...

and

Guy's Hospital Guy's Hospital is an NHS hospital in the borough of Southwark in central London. It is part of Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and one of the institutions that comprise the King's Health Partners, an academic health science centre. ...

in London. In 1834, he became a member of the

Royal College of Surgeons of England The Royal College of Surgeons of England (RCS England) is an independent professional body and registered charity that promotes and advances standards of surgical care for patients, and regulates surgery and dentistry in England and Wales. The ...

and later of the

(LMS). With the LMS, in 1838 he travelled to Canton, and then to

Macau Macau or Macao (; ; ; ), officially the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (MSAR), is a city and special administrative region of China in the western Pearl River Delta by the South China Sea. With a pop ...

and Shanghai, where he stayed intermittently from 1842 to 1863; in Macau and Shanghai he opened hospitals. In 1857, he became fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, in 1864 director of the LMS and in 1878 President of the Medical Missionary Association. In 1861, Lockhart published a book titled ''The medical missionary in China: a narrative of twenty years' experience'', where among other things he insisted that one should not serve both as a preacher and a physician.Lockhart, William (1861
The medical missionary in China: a narrative of twenty years' experience
London: Hurst and Blackett. The papers of William Lockhart are held b
SOAS Archives

Biography

References

Further reading