Captain William John MacKenzie was an American
flying ace who served with British naval aviation during World War I. He was one of the combatants in
Manfred von Richthofen's last fight, being wounded in action. He was awarded the
Distinguished Flying Cross, and the ''
Croix de Guerre
The ''Croix de Guerre'' (, ''Cross of War'') is a military decoration of France. It was first created in 1915 and consists of a square-cross medal on two crossed swords, hanging from a ribbon with various degree pins. The decoration was first awa ...
'' for his valor. He survived the war and was discharged in 1919. His history after 1942 is unknown.
Early life
William John MacKenzie was born on 9 January 1894 in
Memphis, Tennessee.
[The Aerodrome http://www.theaerodrome.com/aces/usa/mackenzie.php Retrieved 10 December 2012.] He was working as a
draftsman in
Port Robinson, Ontario, Canada before joining the
Royal Naval Air Service
The Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) was the air arm of the Royal Navy, under the direction of the Admiralty's Air Department, and existed formally from 1 July 1914 to 1 April 1918, when it was merged with the British Army's Royal Flying Corps t ...
as a probationary
Flight Sub-Lieutenant on 19 April 1917.
World War I
After completing training at
RAF Manston and
RAF Cranwell, MacKenzie was posted to the
Dunkirk Seaplane Defence Flight on 30 November 1917.
On 14 March 1918, he transferred to
No. 9 Naval Squadron. While flying with them, he was a combatant in the 21 April 1918 dogfight in which the
Red Baron was killed; MacKenzie was wounded in action that day. On 8 October 1918, he transferred back to his old unit, now renumbered as No. 213 Squadron RAF. MacKenzie ended the war credited with eight confirmed aerial victories, having earned the ''
Belgian Croix de Guerre
The ''Croix de guerre'' ( French) or ''Oorlogskruis'' (Dutch), both literally translating as "Cross of War", is a military decoration of the Kingdom of Belgium established by royal decree on 25 October 1915. It was primarily awarded for bravery ...
'' and the
Distinguished Flying Cross.
The DFC was not
gazetted until 3 June 1919, The
Belgian Croix de guerre
The ''Croix de guerre'' ( French) or ''Oorlogskruis'' (Dutch), both literally translating as "Cross of War", is a military decoration of the Kingdom of Belgium established by royal decree on 25 October 1915. It was primarily awarded for bravery ...
was gazetted on 15 July 1919.
[''Supplement to the London Gazette'', 15 July 1919, p. 8987. Retrieved 12 December 2012.]
Although the citation for his DFC is non-descriptive, the recommendation for it is below. It gives details of MacKenzie's service as follows:
"Captain W.J. Mackenzie joined this squadron on 1 December 1917 and was employed in the Belgian Coast Patrol, where he distinguished himself by keen powers of observation and great enthusiasm for his work.
"At the end of March 1918 he was transferred to a squadron operating further south and personally succeeded in destroying one Fokker triplane, one Fokker biplane, one Phalz and one LVG two-seater (all confirmed) and also assisted in bringing down one LVF two-seater.
"He was wounded in the fight when Richtofen was killed, and was given charge of a Flight.
"He returned to this squadron in October 1918 for the last push and displayed great gallantry and leadership in the many low bombing raids against enemy troops, etc. which were undertaken in conjunction with the advancing Belgian Army.
"During this period he shot down and destroyed one Fokker biplane and shot down out of control a second, while he assisted in the destruction of one LVG two-seater.
"Altogether Captain MacKenzie has flown over the lines for upwards of 250 hours and is still one of the keenest pilots in the service."
Post World War I
MacKenzie was discharged from the Royal Air Force on 20 May 1919. In 1942, he was known to be a resident in New York City while employed as a civil engineer by the
Federal Works Agency.
See also
*
List of World War I flying aces from the United States
References
External links
{{DEFAULTSORT:MacKenzie, William John
American World War I flying aces
1894 births
Year of death missing