William Montagu Hay, 10th Marquess of Tweeddale, KT, DL (29 January 1826 – 25 November 1911), known before 1878 as Lord William Hay or Lord William Montagu Hay, was a

Scottish Scottish usually refers to something of, from, or related to Scotland, including: *Scottish Gaelic, a Celtic Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family native to Scotland *Scottish English *Scottish national identity, the Scottish ide ...

landowner, peer and politician. He was born at

Yester House Yester House is an early 18th-century mansion near Gifford in East Lothian, Scotland. It was the home of the Hay family, later Marquesses of Tweeddale, from the 15th century until the late 1960s. Construction of the present house began in 1699, ...

, near Gifford,

East Lothian East Lothian (; ; ) is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland, as well as a Counties of Scotland, historic county, registration county and Lieutenancy areas of Scotland, lieutenancy area. The county was called Haddingtonshire until 1921. In ...

, and served in

British India The provinces of India, earlier presidencies of British India and still earlier, presidency towns, were the administrative divisions of British governance in South Asia. Collectively, they have been called British India. In one form or another ...

as a member of the

Bengal Civil Service The Indian Civil Service (ICS), officially known as the Imperial Civil Service, was the higher civil service of the British Empire in India during British rule in the period between 1858 and 1947. Its members ruled over more than 300 million p ...

and later as a

Liberal Liberal or liberalism may refer to: Politics * Generally, a supporter of the political philosophy liberalism. Liberals may be politically left or right but tend to be centrist. * An adherent of a Liberal Party (See also Liberal parties by country ...

Member of Parliament. In 1878 he succeeded his brother as

Marquess of Tweeddale Marquess of Tweeddale (sometimes spelled ''Tweedale'') is a title of the Peerage of Scotland, created in 1694 for the 2nd Earl of Tweeddale. Lord Tweeddale holds the subsidiary titles of Earl of Tweeddale (created 1646), Earl of Gifford (1694), ...

and as owner of some 40,000 acres in Scotland. He went on to become Lord High Commissioner to the

General Assembly of the Church of Scotland The General Assembly of the Church of Scotland is the sovereign and highest court of the Church of Scotland, and is thus the Church's governing body.''An Introduction to Practice and Procedure in the Church of Scotland'' by A. Gordon McGillivray, ...

and was appointed a

Knight of the Thistle The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle is an order of chivalry associated with Scotland. The current version of the order was founded in 1687 by King James VII of Scotland, who asserted that he was reviving an earlier order. The ...

Early life

Hay was born at

on 29 January 1826. He was the third son (of six sons and eight daughters) born to Lady Susan Montagu and

George Hay, 8th Marquess of Tweeddale Field marshal (United Kingdom), Field Marshal George Hay, 8th Marquess of Tweeddale, (1 February 1787 – 10 October 1876), Hereditary Chamberlain of Dunfermline, was a British people, British soldier and administrator. He served as a staff off ...

(1787–1876).George Edward Cokayne, ed. Vicary Gibbs, ''The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain'', vol. 12, part 2 (1959), p. 84 Among his many prominent siblings were Lady Susan Hay (wife of

James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie James Andrew Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie (22 April 1812 – 19 December 1860), known as the Earl of Dalhousie between 1838 and 1849, was a Scottish statesman and colonial administrator in British India. He served as Governor-Gen ...

), Lady Hannah Hay (wife of Simon Watson Taylor), Lady Elizabeth Hay (wife of

Arthur Wellesley, 2nd Duke of Wellington Lieutenant-General Arthur Richard Wellesley, 2nd Duke of Wellington, (3 February 1807 – 13 August 1884), styled Lord Douro between 1812 and 1814 and Marquess of Douro between 1814 and 1852, was a British soldier and politician. The eldest so ...

George Hay, Earl of Gifford George Hay, Earl of Gifford (26 April 1822 – 22 December 1862) was a British Liberal Party politician. Biography Lord Gifford was born at Yester House, the eldest son of the 8th Marquess of Tweeddale. He was educated at Trinity College an ...

, Lord Arthur, later Earl of Gifford and later 9th Marquess of Tweeddale, Lord John Hay, Lady Jane Hay (wife of

Sir Richard Taylor ''Sir'' is a formal honorific address in English for men, derived from Sire in the High Middle Ages. Both are derived from the old French "" (Lord), brought to England by the French-speaking Normans, and which now exist in French only as part o ...

), and Lady Emily Hay (wife of

Sir Robert Peel, 3rd Baronet Sir Robert Peel, 3rd Baronet , PC (4 May 1822 – 9 May 1895), was a British Peelite, Liberal and from 1884 until 1886 Conservative Member of Parliament (MP). Eldest son of the prime minister Robert Peel, he was educated at Harrow and Chri ...

). His paternal grandfather was

George Hay, 7th Marquess of Tweeddale George Hay, 7th Marquess of Tweeddale DL (1753 – 9 August 1804) was a Scottish peer and naval officer. Early life Hay was born at Newhall in East Lothian, Scotland. He was the son of John Hay (d. 1765) and Dorothy ( Hayhurst) Hay (d. 1808 ...

and Lady Hannah Charlotte Maitland (a daughter of

James Maitland, 7th Earl of Lauderdale James Maitland, 7th Earl of Lauderdale (25 January 1718 – 17 August 1789), and was one of the sixteen List of Scottish representative peers, Scottish representative peers in the House of Lords. Life James Maitland was born the eldest son of ...

). His maternal grandparents were

William Montagu, 5th Duke of Manchester Colonel William Montagu, 5th Duke of Manchester (21 October 177118 March 1843), styled Viscount Mandeville until 1788, was a British hereditary peer, peer, soldier, colonial administrator and politician. He was List of Governors of Jamaica, Gov ...

and Lady Susan Gordon (third daughter of

Alexander Gordon, 4th Duke of Gordon Alexander Gordon, 4th Duke of Gordon, (18 June 1743 – 17 June 1827), styled Marquess of Huntly until 1752, was a Scottish peer who was described by Lord Kames as the "greatest subject in Britain". He was also known as the "Cock o' the North", ...

). As the third son of a Marquess who was not expected to inherit the title, Hay was educated at the

Imperial Service College The Imperial Service College (ISC) was an English independent school based in Windsor, originally known as St. Mark's School when it was founded in 1845. In 1906, St Mark’s School absorbed boys from the former United Services College, which ...

and prepared for a career in the Civil Service.

Career

From 1845 to 1862, he served in the

, including some years as Deputy Commissioner of Simla and then as Superintendent of the Hill States of Northern India, during which time he leased

The Retreat The Retreat, commonly known as the York Retreat, is a place in England for the treatment of people with mental health needs. Located in Lamel Hill in York, it operates as a not for profit charitable organisation. Opened in 1796, it is famous ...

Mashobra Mashobra is a town in Shimla district of Himachal Pradesh. It is connected to the state capital Shimla (erstwhile Simla) through the historic Hindustan–Tibet Road built in 1850 by James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie, Lord Dalhousie. ...

.'Tweeddale, 10th Marquess of (born 29 Jan. 1826, died 25 Nov. 1911)' in '' Who Was Who 1897–1915'' (London: A. & C. Black, 1988 reprint: ) Following his permanent return from India Hay was

Member of Parliament for

Taunton Taunton () is the county town of Somerset, England. It is a market town and has a Minster (church), minster church. Its population in 2011 was 64,621. Its thousand-year history includes a 10th-century priory, monastic foundation, owned by the ...

from 1865 to 1868, and was elected again for Haddington Burghs in 1878. He also became Chairman of the

North British Railway Company The North British Railway was one of the two biggest of the five major Scottish railway companies prior to the 1923 Grouping. It was established in 1844, with the intention of linking with English railways at Berwick. The line opened in 1846 ...

. After succeeding his brother

Arthur Arthur is a masculine given name of uncertain etymology. Its popularity derives from it being the name of the legendary hero King Arthur. A common spelling variant used in many Slavic, Romance, and Germanic languages is Artur. In Spanish and Ital ...

on 29 December 1878, he became the owner of estates totalling some 40,000 acres in Scotland. In 1881 he was created

Baron Tweeddale of Yester Marquess of Tweeddale (sometimes spelled ''Tweedale'') is a title of the Peerage of Scotland, created in 1694 for the 2nd Earl of Tweeddale. Lord Tweeddale holds the subsidiary titles of Earl of Tweeddale (created 1646), Earl of Gifford (1694), ...

in the

peerage of the United Kingdom The Peerage of the United Kingdom is one of the five peerages in the United Kingdom. It comprises most peerages created in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland after the Acts of Union in 1801, when it replaced the Peerage of Great B ...

, giving him a seat in the

House of Lords The House of Lords is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Like the lower house, the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, House of Commons, it meets in the Palace of Westminster in London, England. One of the oldest ext ...

. As well as being Hereditary Chamberlain of

Dunfermline Dunfermline (; , ) is a city, parish, and former royal burgh in Fife, Scotland, from the northern shore of the Firth of Forth. Dunfermline was the de facto capital of the Kingdom of Scotland between the 11th and 15th centuries. The earliest ...

, he was Lord High Commissioner to the

from 1889 to 1892 and, again, from 1896 to 1897.

Honours

On 26 October 1898 Tweeddale was appointed a

and was invested at

Windsor Castle Windsor Castle is a List of British royal residences, royal residence at Windsor, Berkshire, Windsor in the English county of Berkshire, about west of central London. It is strongly associated with the Kingdom of England, English and succee ...

on 8 December. He was also a Deputy Lieutenant for the counties of

Haddingtonshire East Lothian (; ; ) is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland, as well as a historic county, registration county and lieutenancy area. The county was called Haddingtonshire until 1921. In 1975, the historic county was incorporated for loca ...

(now called

and

Berwickshire Berwickshire (; ) is a historic county, registration county and lieutenancy area in south-eastern Scotland, on the English border. The county takes its name from Berwick-upon-Tweed, its original county town, which was part of Scotland at the ...

) and a Brigadier-General of the

Royal Company of Archers The Royal Company of Archers, The King's Bodyguard for Scotland, is a ceremonial unit that serves as the Sovereign's bodyguard in Scotland—a role it has performed since 1822 during the reign of King George IV when the company provided a pers ...

, a ceremonial unit that serves as the Sovereign's Bodyguard in Scotland.

Personal life

On 18 May 1878, Lord Tweeddale was married to Candida Louise Bartolucci (1854–1925) at St Augustine's Church, London. Candida was a daughter of Signor Vincenzo Bartolucci of

Cantiano Cantiano is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Pesaro e Urbino in the Italian region Marche, located about 100 km (62 mi) west of Ancona and about 70 km (44 mi) southwest of Pesaro. The Burano Burano is an isla ...

Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...

. Candida's sister, Evelyn Bartolucci, was the second wife of Adm. Sir

Astley Cooper Key Admiral Sir Astley Cooper Key, (18 January 1821 – 3 March 1888) was a Royal Navy officer. As a junior officer he saw action at the Battle of Vuelta de Obligado in November 1845 during the Anglo-French blockade of the Río de la Plata and took ...

. Together, William and Candida were the parents of: * Lady Susan Elizabeth Clementine Hay (1879–1964), who married Walter Waring, MP, son of

Charles Waring Charles Waring (1827 – 26 August 1887) was a Liberal Party and Liberal Unionist Party politician. Waring was elected Liberal MP for Poole in 1865 but, when the seat was reduced to one member in 1868, he failed to retain the seat. He stood ag ...

, MP, in 1901. * Lady Candida Louisa Hay (1882–1882), who died at birth. * William Hay, 11th Marquess of Tweeddale (1884–1967), who married Marguerite Christine Ralli, daughter of Alexander Ralli and step daughter of

Lewis Einstein Lewis David Einstein (March 15, 1877 – December 4, 1967) was an American diplomat, historian аnd art collector. Early life Einstein was born on March 15, 1877, in New York City. He was the only son of wool magnate David Lewis Einstein (1839� ...

, in 1912. * Lord Arthur Vincent Hay (1886–1914), who was killed in action in the

First World War World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

during the

First Battle of the Aisne The First Battle of the Aisne () was the Allied follow-up offensive against the right wing of the German First Army (led by Alexander von Kluck) and the Second Army (led by Karl von Bülow) as they retreated after the First Battle of the ...

. The inscription on his gravestone in France reads: "IN SUCH A DEATH THERE IS NO STING IN SUCH A GRAVE EVERLASTING VICTORY. (MOTHER)". He married Menda Ralli, only daughter of Ambrose Ralli, in 1911. After his death, she married Col. Robert Edward Kennard Leatham. * Lt. Col. Lord Edward Douglas Hay (1888–1944), who married Violet Florence Catherine "Bridget" Barclay, only daughter of Maj. Cameron Barclay, in 1917. Lord Edward Douglas Hay died in the Second World War in the V1 bomb attack on Guards Chapel, Wellington Barracks. Lord William Montagu Hay died on 25 November 1911 at his house in London, 6 Hill Street,''The Electrical Journal'', vol. 68 (1912), p. 309 and was succeeded by his eldest son, the Earl of Gifford (born 1884). He is buried at

Yester Parish Church Yester Parish Church is a church of the Church of Scotland in the village of Gifford, East Lothian, Gifford, East Lothian, Scotland. The village forms part of Yester, Bolton and Saltoun parish, and is a linked charge with Humbie Parish Church. ...

Gifford, East Lothian } Gifford is a village in the parish of Yester in East Lothian, Scotland. It lies approximately south of Haddington and east of Edinburgh. It groups around the Colstoun Water (locally called Gifford Water) at the junction of the B6369 and B ...

, close to his family home at

Descendants

As his eldest son died without male issue, David George Montagu Hay, the son of his youngest son Lord Edward Douglas Hay, became the 12th

in 1967.

References

External links

William Montagu Hay, 10th Marquess of Tweeddale
at

National Portrait Gallery, London The National Portrait Gallery (NPG) is an art gallery in London that houses a collection of portraits of historically important and famous British people. When it opened in 1856, it was arguably the first national public gallery in the world th ...

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tweeddale, William Montagu Hay, 10th Marquess Of 1826 births 1911 deaths Nobility from East Lothian People educated at the Imperial Services College Members of the Royal Company of Archers Deputy lieutenants of East Lothian 10 Liberal Party (UK) hereditary peers Hay, William Hay, William Hay, William Hay, William UK MPs who inherited peerages UK MPs who were granted peerages Peers of the United Kingdom created by Queen Victoria Indian Civil Service (British India) officers