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{{Infobox noble, name=William de Valence , christening_date= , noble family= , house-type= , father= Hugh X of Lusignan , mother= Isabella of Angoulême , birth_name= , birth_date={{c. 1227 , birth_place= , christening_place= , styles= , death_date=13 June 1296 , death_place= , burial_date= , burial_place= Westminster Abbey, occupation= , memorials= , website= , other_titles= , native_name= Guillaume de Lusignan , title=
Earl of Pembroke Earl of Pembroke is a title in the Peerage of England that was first created in the 12th century by King Stephen of England. The title, which is associated with Pembroke, Pembrokeshire in West Wales, has been recreated ten times from its origin ...
, reign-type= , image=ShieldOfWilliamDeValence.jpg , caption=Heraldic shield of de Valence from his tomb in Westminster Abbey. Champlevee enamel with Diapering: ''Barry of argent and azure, an orle of martlets gules'' , alt= , CoA= , more=no , succession= , reign= , predecessor= , full name= , successor= , suc-type= , spouse= Joan de Munchensi , spouse-type=Wife , issue-type= , issue=6 , issue-link= , issue-pipe= , module=  William de Valence (died 13 June 1296), born Guillaume de Lusignan, was a French nobleman and
knight A knight is a person granted an honorary title of a knighthood by a head of state (including the pope) or representative for service to the monarch, the church, or the country, especially in a military capacity. The concept of a knighthood ...
who became important in English politics due to his relationship to King
Henry III of England Henry III (1 October 1207 – 16 November 1272), also known as Henry of Winchester, was King of England, Lord of Ireland, and Duke of Aquitaine from 1216 until his death in 1272. The son of John, King of England, King John and Isabella of Ang ...
. He was heavily involved in the Second Barons' War, fighting for the King and Prince Edward against the rebels led by Simon de Montfort. He took the name de Valence ("of Valence") after his birthplace, the Cistercian abbey of Valence, near
Lusignan The House of Lusignan ( ; ) was a royal house of French origin, which at various times ruled several principalities in Europe and the Levant, including the kingdoms of Jerusalem, Cyprus, and Armenia, from the 12th through the 15th centuries du ...
in Poitou.{{sfn, Chisholm, 1911, p=78


Biography

William de Valence was the fourth son of Isabella of Angoulême, widow of King John, and her second husband, Hugh X of Lusignan, Count of La Marche, and was thus a half-brother to Henry III, and uncle to Edward I. William was born in the {{ill, lt=Cistercian abbey in Valence, Valence Abbey, fr, Abbaye de Valence, Couhé-Vérac, Vienne, Poitou-Charentes, near
Lusignan The House of Lusignan ( ; ) was a royal house of French origin, which at various times ruled several principalities in Europe and the Levant, including the kingdoms of Jerusalem, Cyprus, and Armenia, from the 12th through the 15th centuries du ...
, Cokayne, George Edward, '' Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct, or dormant''. Gloucester: A Sutton, 1982, Vol. X p377 sometime in the late 1220s (his elder sister Alice was born in 1224).


Move to England

The French conquest of Poitou in 1246 created great difficulties for William's family, and so he and his brothers, Guy de Lusignan and Aymer, accepted Henry III's invitation to come to England in 1247.{{sfn, Chisholm, 1911, p=78 The king found important positions for all of them; William was soon married to a great heiress, Joan de Munchensi or Munchensy (c. 1230 – after 20 September 1307), the only surviving child of Warin de Munchensy, lord of Swanscombe, and his first wife Joan Marshal, who was one of the five daughters of William Marshal, a previous Earl, and
Isabel de Clare, 4th Countess of Pembroke Isabel is a female name of Iberian origin. Isabelle is a name that is similar, but it is of French origin. It originates as the medieval Spanish form of '' Elisabeth'' (ultimately Hebrew '' Elisheba''). Arising in the 12th century, it became popu ...
''suo jure''. As an eventual co-heiress of the Marshal estates, Joan de Munchensi's portion included the castle and lordship of Pembroke and the lordship erected earldom of
Wexford Wexford ( ; archaic Yola dialect, Yola: ''Weiseforthe'') is the county town of County Wexford, Republic of Ireland, Ireland. Wexford lies on the south side of Wexford Harbour, the estuary of the River Slaney near the southeastern corner of the ...
in Ireland. The custody of Joan's property was entrusted to her husband,{{sfn, Chisholm, 1911, p=78 who apparently assumed the lordships of Pembroke and Wexford between 1250 and 1260. In 1304, after William's death, Joan is found vigorously asserting her rights in her lordship of Wexford, appealing directly to the king against a Cort order dispossessing her of her lands there.


Second Barons' War

This favouritism to royal relatives was unpopular with many of the English
nobility Nobility is a social class found in many societies that have an aristocracy. It is normally appointed by and ranked immediately below royalty. Nobility has often been an estate of the realm with many exclusive functions and characteristics. T ...
, a discontent which would culminate in the Second Barons' War. It did not take long for William to make enemies in England. From his new lands in
South Wales South Wales ( ) is a Regions of Wales, loosely defined region of Wales bordered by England to the east and mid Wales to the north. Generally considered to include the Historic counties of Wales, historic counties of Glamorgan and Monmouthshire ( ...
, he tried to regain the palatine rights which had been attached to the Earldom of Pembroke, but his energies were not confined to this. The king heaped lands and honours upon him, and he was soon thoroughly hated as one of the most prominent of the rapacious foreigners. Moreover, some trouble in Wales led to a quarrel between him and Simon de Montfort, who was to become the figurehead for the rebels. He refused to comply with the provisions imposed on the king at
Oxford Oxford () is a City status in the United Kingdom, cathedral city and non-metropolitan district in Oxfordshire, England, of which it is the county town. The city is home to the University of Oxford, the List of oldest universities in continuou ...
in 1258, and took refuge in Wolvesey Castle at
Winchester Winchester (, ) is a City status in the United Kingdom, cathedral city in Hampshire, England. The city lies at the heart of the wider City of Winchester, a local government Districts of England, district, at the western end of the South Downs N ...
, where he was besieged and compelled to surrender and leave the country.{{sfn, Chisholm, 1911, p=79 In 1259 William and de Montfort were formally reconciled in Paris, and in 1261 Valence was again in England and once more enjoying the royal favour. He fought for Henry at the disastrous Battle of Lewes, and after the defeat again fled to France, while de Montfort ruled England. However, by 1265 he was back, landing in
Pembrokeshire Pembrokeshire ( ; ) is a Principal areas of Wales, county in the South West Wales, south-west of Wales. It is bordered by Carmarthenshire to the east, Ceredigion to the northeast, and otherwise by the sea. Haverfordwest is the largest town and ...
, and taking part in the siege of Gloucester and the final royalist victory at Evesham. After the battle he was restored to his estates and accompanied Prince Edward, afterwards Edward I, to
Palestine Palestine, officially the State of Palestine, is a country in West Asia. Recognized by International recognition of Palestine, 147 of the UN's 193 member states, it encompasses the Israeli-occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and th ...
.{{sfn, Chisholm, 1911, p=79


Welsh wars and death

From his base in Pembrokeshire, he was a mainstay of the English campaigns against Llywelyn ap Gruffudd and later Dafydd ap Gruffudd; in the war of 1282–3 that led to the conquest of Wales he negotiated the surrender of one of Dafydd's last remaining castles, Castell-y-Bere, with its custodian, Cynfrig ap Madog.{{Citation needed, date=November 2018 He also went several times to France on public business and he was one of Edward's representatives in the famous suit over the succession to the crown of
Scotland Scotland is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It contains nearly one-third of the United Kingdom's land area, consisting of the northern part of the island of Great Britain and more than 790 adjac ...
in 1291 and 1292.{{sfn, Chisholm, 1911, p=79 William de Valence died at
Bayonne Bayonne () is a city in southwestern France near the France–Spain border, Spanish border. It is a communes of France, commune and one of two subprefectures in France, subprefectures in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques departments of France, departm ...
on the 13 June 1296, and his body was buried in splendour at Westminster Abbey.{{sfn, Chisholm, 1911, p=79


Descendants

William and Joan de Munchensi (described above) had the following children: * Isabel de Valence (died 5 October 1305), married before 1280 John Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings (6 May 1262 – 10 February 1313). They had: ** William Hastings (1282–1311) ** John Hastings, 2nd Baron Hastings (29 September 1286 – 20 January 1325), married to Juliane de Leybourne (died 1367). Their son Lawrence later became 1st Earl of Pembroke of the Hastings family. ** Sir Hugh Hastings of Sutton (died 1347) ** Elizabeth Hastings (1294 – 6 March 1353), married Roger Grey, 1st Baron Grey de Ruthyn. * Joan de Valence, married to John Comyn (the "Red Comyn"), Lord of Badenoch (murdered 10 February 1306), and had **John Comyn (killed 1314 at Bannockburn), married to Margaret Wake, 3rd Baroness Wake of Liddell **Joan Comyn (c. 1296–1326), married to David II Strathbogie, Earl of Atholl ** Elizabeth Comyn (1 November 1299 – 20 November 1372), married to Richard Talbot, Lord Talbot * John de Valence (died January 1277) * William de Valence (died 16 June 1282, in the Battle of Llandeilo Fawr in
Wales Wales ( ) is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is bordered by the Irish Sea to the north and west, England to the England–Wales border, east, the Bristol Channel to the south, and the Celtic ...
), created Seigneur de Montignac and Bellac * Aymer de Valence, 2nd Earl of Pembroke and Wexford in 1296 (c. 1270 – 23 June 1324), married first to Beatrice de Clermont and second to Marie de Châtillon-sur-Marne (also known as Marie de St Pol). He left no legitimate issue. * Margaret de Valence, died young. Buried at Westminster Abbey. * Agnes de Valence (born c. 1250, date of death unknown), married (1) Maurice FitzGerald, Baron of Offaly, (2) Hugh de Balliol, son of John de Balliol, and brother of John Balliol, King of Scotland, and (3) John of Avesnes, Lord of Beaumont, son of Baldwin of Avesnes. Agnes had children from her first and third marriages: ** Gerald FitzMaurice, Baron of Offaly ** John of Avesnes ** Baldwin of Avesnes, Lord of Beaumont ** Felicite of Avesnes ** Jeanne of Avesnes, Abbess of Flines


References

{{Reflist


External links


Inquisition Post Mortem
#362, dated 1296.


Sources

*{{EB1911, wstitle=Pembroke, Earls of, volume=21, pages=78–80 *Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America Before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis, Lines: 80-29, 93A-29, 95-30, 154-29. {{s-start {{s-reg, en {{s-new, Creation {{s-ttl , title=
Earl of Pembroke Earl of Pembroke is a title in the Peerage of England that was first created in the 12th century by King Stephen of England. The title, which is associated with Pembroke, Pembrokeshire in West Wales, has been recreated ten times from its origin ...
, years=1247–1296 {{s-aft, after= Aymer de Valence {{s-end {{Authority control {{DEFAULTSORT:Pembroke, William De Valence, 1st Earl Of
William William is a masculine given name of Germanic languages, Germanic origin. It became popular in England after the Norman Conquest, Norman conquest in 1066,All Things William"Meaning & Origin of the Name"/ref> and remained so throughout the Middle ...
William William is a masculine given name of Germanic languages, Germanic origin. It became popular in England after the Norman Conquest, Norman conquest in 1066,All Things William"Meaning & Origin of the Name"/ref> and remained so throughout the Middle ...
13th-century English nobility 1296 deaths 1220s births Burials at Westminster Abbey Sons of counts Sons of countesses regnant