Anna Cotton or Anna Welby (died 1721) was an

English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ide ...

nonconformist and

ironmaster An ironmaster is the manager, and usually owner, of a forge or blast furnace for the processing of iron. It is a term mainly associated with the period of the Industrial Revolution, especially in Great Britain. The ironmaster was usually a large ...

. She was the second wife of William Cotton who was an

. She took control of his business and became a matriarch head of his family after he died.

Life

Cotton was born in the 1600s and she became the second wife of William Cotton who was an ironmaster in south Yorkshire on 7 March 1683. William had eleven children by his first wife, Eleanor. William and Eleanor, and later Anna became followers of the Reverend

Oliver Heywood Oliver Heywood (9 September 1825 – 1892) was an England, English banker and philanthropist. Born in Irlam O'Th' Height, Lancashire, the son of Benjamin Heywood, and educated at Eton College, Heywood joined the family business, Heywood's B ...

who was a nonconformist minister. Anna had a son William Westby Cotton who was baptised in 1689. On 6 May 1703 her husband died and she and her brother-in-law, Daniel Cotton, had to look after the four surviving children. Her husband's empire was being encroached by his former partner John Spencer of

Cannon Hall Cannon Hall is a country house museum located between the villages of Cawthorne and High Hoyland some 5 miles (8 km) west of Barnsley, South Yorkshire, England. Originally the home of the Spencer and later the Spencer-Stanhope family, it ...

who was known for taking advantage of partners who died. It fell upon Anna to defend their possessions and rights. Her children made marriages that consolidated the family's position. The eldest daughter Frances was married to William Vernon who looked after their Warmingham forge and the second daughter, Anna, married Edward Kendall who co-managed the Staffordshire works. Her son William (Westby Cotton) was married to his first cousin Anna Cotton whose father was Daniel Cotton. In 1716 Anna started to retire and she transferred her control of the Colne bridge forge to her son William. She told John Spencer but he appears to have taken little notice as they had to remind him of £600 owed to them and for not receiving the May 1717 accounts. Reverend Thomas Dickinson of

Darton Darton is a large village in the Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley (part of South Yorkshire), on the border with West Yorkshire, England. At the time of the 2001 UK census, it had a population of 14,927, increasing to 21,345 for both Darton Ward ...

, who was the Reverend Oliver Heywood's replacement, records her death as 8 July 1721 at Stourbridge. She was buried at Darton on 13 July. After her death the Cotton family continued their iron based empire.

References

Year of birth missing 17th-century births 1721 deaths English Dissenters 18th-century English businesspeople English ironmasters 18th-century English businesswomen {{England-business-bio-stub