Enno Friedrich Wichard Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff (22 December 1848 – 25 September 1931) was a German
classical philologist
Classics or classical studies is the study of classical antiquity. In the Western world, classics traditionally refers to the study of Classical Greek and Roman literature
Latin literature includes the essays, histories, poems, plays, and ot ...
. Wilamowitz, as he is known in scholarly circles, was a renowned authority on
Ancient Greece
Ancient Greece ( el, Ἑλλάς, Hellás) was a northeastern Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean civilization, existing from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of Classical Antiquity, classical antiquity ( AD 600), th ...
and
its literature.
Life
Youth
Wilamowitz-Moellendorff was born in
Markowitz (Markowice), a small village near
Hohensalza (Inowrocław), in the then
Province of Posen (now part of the
Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, also known as Cuiavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship or simply Kujawsko-Pomorskie, or Kujawy-Pomerania Province ( pl, województwo kujawsko-pomorskie ) is one of the 16 voivodeships (provinces) into which Poland is divide ...
), to a
Germanized
Germanisation, or Germanization, is the spread of the German language, people and culture. It was a central idea of German conservative thought in the 19th and the 20th centuries, when conservatism and ethnic nationalism went hand in hand. In ling ...
family of distant
Polish
Polish may refer to:
* Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe
* Polish language
* Poles
Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, w ...
ancestry. His father, a
Prussian Junker
The Junkers ( ; ) were members of the landed nobility in Prussia. They owned great estates that were maintained and worked by peasants with few rights. These estates often lay in the countryside outside of major cities or towns. They were an impo ...
, was Arnold Wilamowitz, of
Szlachta origin and using the
Ogończyk coat of arms, while his mother was Ulrika, née Calbo. The couple settled in a small manor confiscated from a local noble in 1836. The Prussian part of their name, von Moellendorf, was acquired in 1813, when Prussian field marshal
Wichard Joachim Heinrich von Möllendorf
Wichard Joachim Heinrich von Möllendorf (7 January 1724 – 28 January 1816) was a Generalfeldmarschall of the Kingdom of Prussia.
Life and career
Möllendorf was born in Lindenberg (Prignitz), now a part of Wittenberge, in the Margraviate of B ...
adopted Ulrich's ancestors. Wilamowitz, a third child, grew up in
East Prussia.
In 1867 Wilamowitz passed his ''
Abitur'' at the renowned boarding school at
Schulpforta
Pforta, or Schulpforta, is a school located in Pforta monastery, a former Cistercian monastery (1137–1540), near Naumburg on the Saale River in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt.
The site has been a school since the 16th century. Notable past ...
.
Studies
Until 1869, he studied
Classical Philology
Classics or classical studies is the study of classical antiquity. In the Western world, classics traditionally refers to the study of Classical Greek and Roman literature and their related original languages, Ancient Greek and Latin. Classics ...
at the
University of Bonn
The Rhenish Friedrich Wilhelm University of Bonn (german: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn) is a public research university located in Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was founded in its present form as the ( en, Rhine ...
. His teachers,
Otto Jahn
Otto Jahn (; 16 June 1813, in Kiel – 9 September 1869, in Göttingen), was a German archaeologist, philologist, and writer on art and music.
Biography
After the completion of his university studies at Christian-Albrechts-Universität in Kiel, ...
and
Hermann Usener
Hermann Karl Usener (23 October 1834 – 21 October 1905) was a German scholar in the fields of philology and comparative religion.
Life
Hermann Usener was born at Weilburg and educated at its Gymnasium. From 1853 he studied at Heidelberg, ...
, had a formative influence on him. Willamowitz's relationship with Usener was strained. He developed a lifelong rivalry with his fellow student
Friedrich Nietzsche
Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (; or ; 15 October 1844 – 25 August 1900) was a German philosopher, prose poet, cultural critic, philologist, and composer whose work has exerted a profound influence on contemporary philosophy. He began his ...
and a close friendship with his contemporary
Hermann Diels
Hermann Alexander Diels (; 18 May 1848 – 4 June 1922) was a German classical scholar, who was influential in the area of early Greek philosophy and is known for his standard work ''Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker''. Diels helped to import the ...
.
Together with Diels, he moved to
Berlin
Berlin ( , ) is the capital and List of cities in Germany by population, largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's List of cities in the European Union by population within ci ...
in 1869, where he graduated as a
Doctor of Philosophy
A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, Ph.D., or DPhil; Latin: or ') is the most common degree at the highest academic level awarded following a course of study. PhDs are awarded for programs across the whole breadth of academic fields. Because it is ...
cum laude in 1870. After voluntary service in the
Franco-Prussian War, he embarked on a study tour to Italy and Greece.
Conflict with Nietzsche and Wagner
Even before he gained a professorial title, Wilamowitz was a member of a scholarly dispute about Nietzsche's ''
Birth of Tragedy'' that attracted much attention. In 1872–73, he published two unusually aggressive polemics (
German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
** Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ge ...
: ''"Zukunftsphilologie"'', i.e. ''"Philology of the future"''), which strongly attacked Nietzsche (then Professor at the
University of Basel
The University of Basel (Latin: ''Universitas Basiliensis'', German: ''Universität Basel'') is a university in Basel, Switzerland. Founded on 4 April 1460, it is Switzerland's oldest university and among the world's oldest surviving universit ...
) and Professor
Erwin Rohde
Erwin Rohde (; 9 October 1845 – 11 January 1898) was one of the great German classical scholars of the 19th century.
Rohde was born in Hamburg and was the son of a doctor. Outside of antiquarian circles, Rohde is known today chiefly for h ...
(
University of Kiel
Kiel University, officially the Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, (german: Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, abbreviated CAU, known informally as Christiana Albertina) is a university in the city of Kiel, Germany. It was founded in ...
).
Richard Wagner, whose views on art had influenced Nietzsche and Rohde, reacted by publishing an
open letter
An open letter is a letter that is intended to be read by a wide audience, or a letter intended for an individual, but that is nonetheless widely distributed intentionally.
Open letters usually take the form of a letter addressed to an indiv ...
and Rohde wrote a damning response. The issue at stake was the deprecation of
Euripides
Euripides (; grc, Εὐριπίδης, Eurīpídēs, ; ) was a tragedian of classical Athens. Along with Aeschylus and Sophocles, he is one of the three ancient Greek tragedians for whom any plays have survived in full. Some ancient scholars a ...
, on whom Nietzsche blamed the destruction of
Greek tragedy
Greek tragedy is a form of theatre from Ancient Greece and Greek inhabited Anatolia. It reached its most significant form in Athens in the 5th century BC, the works of which are sometimes called Attic tragedy.
Greek tragedy is widely believed t ...
. Wilamowitz saw the methods of his adversaries as an attack on the basic tenets of scientific thought, unmasking them as enemies of the
scientific method
The scientific method is an empirical method for acquiring knowledge that has characterized the development of science since at least the 17th century (with notable practitioners in previous centuries; see the article history of scientific ...
. His polemic was considered as Classical philology's reply to Nietzsche's challenge.
At the age of 80 when Wilamowitz wrote his memoirs, he saw the conflict with Nietzsche less passionately but did not retract the essential points of his critique. He stated that he had not fully realised at the time that Nietzsche was not interested in scientific understanding but rather in Wagner's musical drama, but also that he was nevertheless right to take his position against Nietzsche's "rape of historical facts and all
historical method
Historical method is the collection of techniques and guidelines that historians use to research and write histories of the past. Secondary sources, primary sources and material evidence such as that derived from archaeology may all be drawn ...
".
Greifswald
![Wilamowitz Young](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Wilamowitz_Young.jpg)
In 1875, he gained a professorial title for his study ''Analecta Euripidea''. In the same year he gave his first public academic lecture in Berlin. In 1876, he was employed as ''Ordinarius'' (full professor) for Classical Philology at
Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität at
Greifswald
Greifswald (), officially the University and Hanseatic City of Greifswald (german: Universitäts- und Hansestadt Greifswald, Low German: ''Griepswoold'') is the fourth-largest city in the German state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania after Rosto ...
. During this period, he also married Marie Mommsen, the eldest daughter of
Theodor Mommsen
Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen (; 30 November 1817 – 1 November 1903) was a German classical scholar, historian, jurist, journalist, politician and archaeologist. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest classicists of the 19th centu ...
, and published ''Homeric Studies'' (''Homerische Studien'').
Göttingen
In 1883, he took a further professorial position at
Georg-August-Universität in
Göttingen
Göttingen (, , ; nds, Chöttingen) is a university city in Lower Saxony, central Germany, the capital of the eponymous district. The River Leine runs through it. At the end of 2019, the population was 118,911.
General information
The ori ...
. Here, he continued to teach Classical Philology but also gave replacement lectures in
Ancient History
Ancient history is a time period from the beginning of writing and recorded human history to as far as late antiquity. The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000 years, beginning with the Sumerian cuneiform script. Ancient history cove ...
. His influence ensured the employment of his Greifswald colleague,
Julius Wellhausen, in Göttingen. In 1891, he became vice-chancellor of the university, and he was appointed a member of Göttingen's Royal Academy of Sciences one year later. When Wilamowitz left Göttingen, he was succeeded by
Georg Kaibel
Georg Kaibel (30 October 1849 – 12 October 1901) was a German classical philologist born in Lübeck. He was a leading authority of Greek epigraphy and epigrammatics
He studied classical philology at the Universities of Göttingen and Bonn. ...
, a close associate from his student days and his successor at Greifswald.
Berlin
In 1897, with the support of his friend Diels, Wilamowitz was offered a position at the Royal
Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität at Berlin, as successor to
Ernst Curtius
Ernst Curtius (; 2 September 181411 July 1896) was a German archaeologist, historian and museum director.
Biography
He was born in Lübeck. On completing his university studies he was chosen by C. A. Brandis to accompany him on a journey to ...
. He stayed until his retirement in 1921. In 1915, he was appointed chancellor of the university for one year. Together with Diels, he founded the Berlin Institute for Ancient Studies (''Institut für Altertumskunde'') in 1897. His public lectures on subjects of
Classical antiquity
Classical antiquity (also the classical era, classical period or classical age) is the period of cultural history between the 8th century BC and the 5th century AD centred on the Mediterranean Sea, comprising the interlocking civilizations of ...
, which took place twice a week, attracted large audiences.
Teaching activities and memberships
In 1891, Wilamowitz was elected a corresponding member of the
Prussian Academy of Sciences
The Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences (german: Königlich-Preußische Akademie der Wissenschaften) was an academy established in Berlin, Germany on 11 July 1700, four years after the Prussian Academy of Arts, or "Arts Academy," to which "Berlin ...
and he was a full member from 1899. In 1902 he took the academy's presidency. As a member of the Göttingen academy, he strongly encouraged the publication of the ''
Thesaurus Linguae Latinae
The ''Thesaurus Linguae Latinae'' (abbreviated as ''ThLL'' or ''TLL'') is a monumental dictionary of Latin founded on historical principles. It encompasses the Latin language from the time of its origin to the time of Isidore of Seville (died ...
''. From 1897 he also worked as a member to the academy's Commission for
Patristics. In 1894 he was elected full member of the
German Archaeological Institute
The German Archaeological Institute (german: Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, ''DAI'') is a research institute in the field of archaeology (and other related fields). The DAI is a "federal agency" under the Federal Foreign Office of Germany ...
. He also was editor of the series ''Philologische Untersuchungen'' from 1880 to 1925.
Further, Wilamowitz taught as a guest lecturer in
Oxford
Oxford () is a city in England. It is the county town and only city of Oxfordshire. In 2020, its population was estimated at 151,584. It is north-west of London, south-east of Birmingham and north-east of Bristol. The city is home to the ...
(1908) and
Uppsala
Uppsala (, or all ending in , ; archaically spelled ''Upsala'') is the county seat of Uppsala County and the fourth-largest city in Sweden, after Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malmö. It had 177,074 inhabitants in 2019.
Located north of the c ...
(1912), was a corresponding member of the
Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters ( no, Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi, DNVA) is a learned society based in Oslo, Norway. Its purpose is to support the advancement of science and scholarship in Norway.
History
The Royal Frederick Unive ...
(1909) and the Scientific Society of
Lund (1921).
''Inscriptiones Graecae''
During his presidency of the Prussian Academy, Wilamowitz oversaw the continuation of
August Böckh's and
Adolf Kirchhoff
Johann Wilhelm Adolf Kirchhoff (6 January 1826 – 26 February 1908) was a German classical scholar and epigraphist.
Biography
The son of historical painter Johann Jakob Kirchhoff, he was born in Berlin, and educated there. He then taught in va ...
's publication series, the ''
Inscriptiones Graecae
The ''Inscriptiones Graecae'' (IG), Latin for ''Greek inscriptions'', is an academic project originally begun by the Prussian Academy of Science, and today continued by its successor organisation, the . Its aim is to collect and publish all known ...
''. Wilamowitz had a formative influence on the further development of that project, which he directed until his death.
World War I
Wilamowitz was an initiator of the memorandum ''Erklärung der Hochschullehrer des Deutschen Reiches'' ("Declaration by the University Teachers of the German Reich"), in which 3,016 signatories supported German participation in the First World War. Shortly after, he also signed the ''
Manifesto of the Ninety-Three
The "Manifesto of the Ninety-Three" (originally "To the Civilized World" by "Professors of Germany") is a 4 October 1914 proclamation by 93 prominent Germans supporting Germany in the start of World War I. The Manifesto galvanized support for the w ...
'', from which he distanced himself later. In 1914, his son, Tycho von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, who was also active as a classical philologist, fell in the battle of
Ivangorod
Ivangorod ( rus, Иванго́род, p=ɪvɐnˈɡorət; et, Jaanilinn; vot, Jaanilidna) is a town in Kingiseppsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the east bank of the Narva river which flows along the Estonia–Russia int ...
. The memorandum appeared a few days later.
Family
In 1878, he married Maria Mommsen, the eldest daughter of the famous
ancient historian
Ancient history is a time period from the beginning of writing and recorded human history to as far as late antiquity. The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000 years, beginning with the Sumerian cuneiform script. Ancient history cove ...
,
Theodor Mommsen
Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen (; 30 November 1817 – 1 November 1903) was a German classical scholar, historian, jurist, journalist, politician and archaeologist. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest classicists of the 19th centu ...
, whom he actively assisted in the completion of his ''Roman History''.
Wilamowitz spent his last years in seclusion, suffering from severe kidney problems. He died in Berlin on 25 September 1931, having been in a coma for a short time. He is buried in his native village, along with his wife, Maria (1855–1936), and their only son, Tycho. He also had a daughter, Dorothea Freifrau Hiller von Gaertringen, wife of archaeologist
Friedrich Hiller von Gaertringen __NOTOC__
Friedrich Hiller von Gaertringen (3 August 1864 – 25 October 1947) was a German archeologist and philologist, a specialist in Greek epigraphy.
Life
Hiller von Gaertringen was the son of the Prussian army officer Rudolf Hiller von G ...
, who died on 24 March 1972.
Achievements
Wilamowitz is one of the central figures of 19th and 20th century Classical philology. As a great authority of the literature and history of
Ancient Greece
Ancient Greece ( el, Ἑλλάς, Hellás) was a northeastern Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean civilization, existing from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of Classical Antiquity, classical antiquity ( AD 600), th ...
, Wilamowitz took a stance against traditional methodology and
textual criticism
Textual criticism is a branch of textual scholarship, philology, and of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification of textual variants, or different versions, of either manuscripts or of printed books. Such texts may range in da ...
. As a representative of Postclassicism, he concentrated less on
literary history
The history of literature is the historical development of writings in prose or poetry that attempt to provide entertainment, enlightenment, or instruction to the reader/listener/observer, as well as the development of the literary techniques ...
but rather aimed to extract biographical information on the respective authors from the preserved texts. Thus, he employed historical perspectives to serve philology.
Apart from his seminal general works (''Greek Literature from Antiquity'', ''Hellenistic Poetry''), he published numerous detailed studies of
Euripides
Euripides (; grc, Εὐριπίδης, Eurīpídēs, ; ) was a tragedian of classical Athens. Along with Aeschylus and Sophocles, he is one of the three ancient Greek tragedians for whom any plays have survived in full. Some ancient scholars a ...
,
Homer
Homer (; grc, Ὅμηρος , ''Hómēros'') (born ) was a Greek poet who is credited as the author of the ''Iliad'' and the ''Odyssey'', two epic poems that are foundational works of ancient Greek literature. Homer is considered one of the ...
,
Aeschylus
Aeschylus (, ; grc-gre, Αἰσχύλος ; c. 525/524 – c. 456/455 BC) was an ancient Greek tragedian, and is often described as the father of tragedy. Academic knowledge of the genre begins with his work, and understanding of earlier Greek ...
,
Pindar
Pindar (; grc-gre, Πίνδαρος , ; la, Pindarus; ) was an Ancient Greek lyric poet from Thebes. Of the canonical nine lyric poets of ancient Greece, his work is the best preserved. Quintilian wrote, "Of the nine lyric poets, Pindar ...
and
Aristotle
Aristotle (; grc-gre, Ἀριστοτέλης ''Aristotélēs'', ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of ph ...
. As a scientific organiser, he was also responsible for the publication of important standard-setting source material publications, such as ''
Inscriptiones Graecae
The ''Inscriptiones Graecae'' (IG), Latin for ''Greek inscriptions'', is an academic project originally begun by the Prussian Academy of Science, and today continued by its successor organisation, the . Its aim is to collect and publish all known ...
''.
He also passionately supported the preservation of Classical education in the German school system.
Notable pupils of his include
Felix Jacoby,
Karl Mittelhaus,
Wolfgang Schadewaldt
Wolfgang Schadewaldt (15 March 1900 in Berlin – 10 November 1974 in Tübingen) was a German classical philologist working mostly in the field of Greek philology and a translator. He also was a professor of University of Tübingen and University ...
,
Eduard Fraenkel
Eduard David Mortier Fraenkel FBA () was a German classical scholar who served as the Corpus Christi Professor of Latin at the University of Oxford from 1935 until 1953. Born to a family of assimilated Jews in the German Empire, he studied C ...
,
Werner Jaeger
Werner Wilhelm Jaeger (30 July 1888 – 19 October 1961) was a German-American classicist.
Life
Werner Wilhelm Jaeger was born in Lobberich, Rhenish Prussia in the German Empire. He attended school in Lobberich and at the Gymnasium Thomaeum i ...
,
Johannes Geffcken,
Paul Maas,
Eduard Schwartz
Eduard Schwartz (22 August 1858 – 13 February 1940) was a German classical philologist.
Born in Kiel, he studied under Hermann Sauppe in Göttingen, under Hermann Usener and Franz Bücheler in Bonn, under Theodor Mommsen in Berlin and under Ul ...
,
Gilbert Murray
George Gilbert Aimé Murray (2 January 1866 – 20 May 1957) was an Australian-born British classical scholar and public intellectual, with connections in many spheres. He was an outstanding scholar of the language and culture of Ancient Greece ...
,
Paul Friedländer,
Friedrich Solmsen
Friedrich W. Solmsen (February 4, 1904 – January 30, 1989) was a philologist and professor of classical studies. He published nearly 150 books, monographs, scholarly articles, and reviews from the 1930s through the 1980s. Solmsen's work is char ...
and
Johannes Sykutris
Johannes is a Medieval Latin form of the personal name that usually appears as "John" in English language contexts. It is a variant of the Greek and Classical Latin variants (Ιωάννης, ''Ioannes''), itself derived from the Hebrew name '' Yeh ...
.
In recent decades, the American scholar
William M. Calder III has been publishing a series of important documents about and by Wilamowitz, including much of his correspondence with Diels,
Eduard Norden,
Mommsen,
Paul Wendland
(Johann Theodor) Paul Wendland (August 17, 1864 – September 10, 1915) was a German classical philologist.
Born in Hohenstein, Province of Prussia, he taught as a professor at the Kiel University (from 1902), Breslau University (from 1906), ...
, and others.
Honours and awards
* 1910 Honorary doctorate in Theology at the
University of Berlin
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (german: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, abbreviated HU Berlin) is a German public research university in the central borough of Mitte in Berlin. It was established by Frederick William III on the initiative ...
* 1911 Honorary doctorate,
Oslo University
The University of Oslo ( no, Universitetet i Oslo; la, Universitas Osloensis) is a public research university located in Oslo, Norway. It is the highest ranked and oldest university in Norway. It is consistently ranked among the top universit ...
Orders and decorations
*
Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
:
**
Kingdom of Prussia
The Kingdom of Prussia (german: Königreich Preußen, ) was a German kingdom that constituted the state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918. Marriott, J. A. R., and Charles Grant Robertson. ''The Evolution of Prussia, the Making of an Empire''. ...
:
*** Knight's Cross of the Royal
House Order of Hohenzollern
The House Order of Hohenzollern (german: Hausorden von Hohenzollern or ') was a dynastic order of knighthood of the House of Hohenzollern awarded to military commissioned officers and civilians of comparable status. Associated with the various ...
, ''1886''
*** Knight of the
Order of the Red Eagle
The Order of the Red Eagle (german: Roter Adlerorden) was an order of chivalry of the Kingdom of Prussia. It was awarded to both military personnel and civilians, to recognize valor in combat, excellence in military leadership, long and faithful se ...
, 3rd Class with Bow, ''18 January 1893'';
2nd Class, ''1904''
***
Pour le Mérite
The ' (; , ) is an order of merit (german: Verdienstorden) established in 1740 by King Frederick II of Prussia. The was awarded as both a military and civil honour and ranked, along with the Order of the Black Eagle, the Order of the Red Eag ...
for Arts and Sciences, ''5 August 1908''
** :
Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art, ''1905''
** : ''
Adlerschild des Deutschen Reiches
The ''Adlerschild des Deutschen Reiches'' ( en, Eagle Shield of the German Reich) was an honorary award (german: Ehrengabe) granted by the German president for scholarly or artistic achievements. It was introduced during the Weimar Republic, under ...
'', ''1928''
* : Decoration of Honour of Arts and Sciences, ''1913''
Works
* ''Griechische Literatur des Altertums''
* ''Einleitung in die griechische Tragödie''
* ''Homerische Untersuchungen'' (1884)
* ''Die Ilias und Homer'' (1916)
* ''Platon (vollständig in 2 Bänden)'' (1919)
* ''Hellenistische Dichtung'' (1924)
* ''Erinnerungen 1848–1914.'' Verlag von K. F. Koehler, Leipzig 1928. (Memoirs)
References
Sources
* Michael Armstrong, Wolfgang Buchwald, William M. Calder III.: ''Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff bibliography 1867–1990'' (Hildesheim, Weidmann, 1991).
* Braun, Maximilian, William M. Calder, III & Dietrich Ehlers, edd., ''"Lieber Prinz". Der Briefwechsel zwischen Hermann Diels und Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff (1869–1921)'' (Hildesheim: Weidmann, 1995).
* Calder, William M. III and Bernhard Huss (eds), The Wilamowitz in Me': 100 Letters between Ulrich von Wilamovitz-Moellendorff and Paul Friedlaender (1904–1931)'' (Los Angeles: Charles Young Research Library, University of California, 1999).
* Candio, Antonella, ''"Ein lebendiges Ganzes": la filologia come scienza e storia nelle "Coefore" di Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff'' (Amsterdam: Adolf M. Hakkert, 2008) (Supplementi di Lexis, 57).
*
Norton, Robert E., "Wilamowitz at War", ''International Journal of the Classical Tradition'', 15/1, (2008), pp. 74–97.
External links
Original texts by Wilamowitz on German Wikisource*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, Ulrich Von
1848 births
1931 deaths
People from Strzelno
German classical philologists
German classical scholars
German scholars of ancient Greek philosophy
German military personnel of the Franco-Prussian War
German untitled nobility
German philologists
Members of the Prussian Academy of Sciences
Corresponding members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
Honorary Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
Members of the Prussian House of Lords
People from the Province of Posen
Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)
Members of the Austrian Academy of Sciences
University of Bonn alumni
Humboldt University of Berlin alumni
Humboldt University of Berlin faculty
University of Greifswald faculty
University of Göttingen faculty
Classical philologists
Prussian Army personnel
Textual scholarship
Corresponding Fellows of the British Academy