Whitianga Ferry
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Whitianga is a town on the Coromandel Peninsula, in the Waikato region of New Zealand's
North Island The North Island, also officially named Te Ika-a-Māui, is one of the two main islands of New Zealand, separated from the larger but much less populous South Island by the Cook Strait. The island's area is , making it the world's 14th-largest ...
. The town is located on Mercury Bay, on the northeastern coast of the peninsula. The town has a permanent population of as of making it the second-largest town on the Coromandel Peninsula behind Thames.


Demographics

Whitianga covers and had an estimated population of as of with a population density of people per km2. Whitianga North had a population of 5,493 at the
2018 New Zealand census Eighteen or 18 may refer to: * 18 (number), the natural number following 17 and preceding 19 * one of the years 18 BC, AD 18, 1918, 2018 Film, television and entertainment * ''18'' (film), a 1993 Taiwanese experimental film based on the sho ...
, an increase of 1,086 people (24.6%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 1,689 people (44.4%) since the
2006 census 6 (six) is the natural number following 5 and preceding 7. It is a composite number and the smallest perfect number. In mathematics Six is the smallest positive integer which is neither a square number nor a prime number; it is the second small ...
. There were 2,271 households, comprising 2,691 males and 2,805 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.96 males per female, with 882 people (16.1%) aged under 15 years, 729 (13.3%) aged 15 to 29, 2,310 (42.1%) aged 30 to 64, and 1,575 (28.7%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 90.3% European/ Pākehā, 14.6%
Māori Māori or Maori can refer to: Relating to the Māori people * Māori people of New Zealand, or members of that group * Māori language, the language of the Māori people of New Zealand * Māori culture * Cook Islanders, the Māori people of the C ...
, 2.1% Pacific peoples, 3.7%
Asian Asian may refer to: * Items from or related to the continent of Asia: ** Asian people, people in or descending from Asia ** Asian culture, the culture of the people from Asia ** Asian cuisine, food based on the style of food of the people from Asi ...
, and 1.7% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas was 18.5, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 57.1% had no religion, 31.1% were
Christian Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρι ...
, 0.6% had Māori religious beliefs, 0.4% were
Hindu Hindus (; ) are people who religiously adhere to Hinduism.Jeffery D. Long (2007), A Vision for Hinduism, IB Tauris, , pages 35–37 Historically, the term has also been used as a geographical, cultural, and later religious identifier for ...
, 0.2% were
Muslim Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abrah ...
, 0.7% were Buddhist and 1.6% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 567 (12.3%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 1,011 (21.9%) people had no formal qualifications. 450 people (9.8%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 1,788 (38.8%) people were employed full-time, 879 (19.1%) were part-time, and 93 (2.0%) were unemployed.


Geography

Whitianga is located on the eastern side of the Coromandel Peninsula, from Auckland (by road; 84 km direct distance), from Thames, from Tairua. It is situated on the coast of Mercury Bay along the long east-facing Buffalo Beach. The town centre is at the southern end of the beach. Buffalo Beach is named after , a Royal Navy ship which was wrecked during a storm while anchored in Mercury Bay. Her anchor can be seen at a monument at Buffalo Beach. A passenger ferry crosses from Whitianga to Ferry Landing, close to
Cooks Beach Cooks Beach (Pukaki) is a town on a three-kilometre white-sand beach on the Coromandel Peninsula of New Zealand. To its north is Cooks Bay, and beyond that is Mercury Bay. To the east is the locality of Hahei and the tourist attraction of Cathe ...
. The alternative to the two-minute ferry crossing is a 45-minute drive around Whitianga Harbour.


History


Māori history

Whitianga has been continuously occupied for more than a thousand years since
Māori Māori or Maori can refer to: Relating to the Māori people * Māori people of New Zealand, or members of that group * Māori language, the language of the Māori people of New Zealand * Māori culture * Cook Islanders, the Māori people of the C ...
explorer Kupe’s tribe settled here after his visit in about 950 AD. Following this visit, many of Kupe's tribe settled here. Te Whitianga o Kupe is the original place name of the town, meaning Kupe's crossing place. Whitianga Pā, located on the ferry landing side of the river is a notable site. According to Ngāti Hei history the earliest known chief occupying the rock was Hei Turepe. The
The word pā (; often spelled pa in English) can refer to any Māori village or defensive settlement, but often refers to hillforts – fortified settlements with palisades and defensive terraces – and also to fortified villages. Pā sites o ...
is protected on three sides by sheer cliffs. The hill leading up to the pā on the fourth side is defended by a 22-foot man-made ditch which is now part of the track leading down to Back Bay where pā inhabitants had access to shellfish. On Cook's visit to the site in November 1769, the inhabitants who welcomed him believed the pā had been disused for a generation since it had been attacked by a Tauranga chief who married the slain chief's wife and settled peacefully into the area. Whitianga rock has several holes cut into the stone that were used as firepits, water stores, and palisade holes. Cook noted burnt palisade stumps as evidence that an earlier attack had evicted the ancient pā's residents.


Captain Cook's visit - 1769

The people of Hei commemorated their leader in a few place names, one being the bay at the head of which he had settled,
Te Whanganui A Hei Te Whanganui-A-Hei (Cathedral Cove) Marine Reserve is in the southern part of Mercury Bay on the Coromandel Peninsula in New Zealand covering an area of . On the coast of the mainland, it stretches from Cook Bluff in the north-west to the nort ...
, (the Great Bay of Hei). This large sheltered bay was later renamed by Captain James Cook when he came here in November 1769 to observe the transit of
Mercury Mercury commonly refers to: * Mercury (planet), the nearest planet to the Sun * Mercury (element), a metallic chemical element with the symbol Hg * Mercury (mythology), a Roman god Mercury or The Mercury may also refer to: Companies * Merc ...
. Cook was accompanied by Charles Green, the Royal Society expedition astronomer who died on the homeward journey in 1771. From Cook's journal - "my reasons for putting in here were the hopes of discerning a good harbour and the desire I had of being in some convenient place to observe the Transit of Mercury, which happens on the 9th instant and will be wholly visible here if the day is clear between 5 and 6 o'clock." Cook also named the Whitianga Harbour "River of Mangroves" and this area is still referred to as "The River". The sighting of the Transit of Mercury is commemorated at
Cooks Beach Cooks Beach (Pukaki) is a town on a three-kilometre white-sand beach on the Coromandel Peninsula of New Zealand. To its north is Cooks Bay, and beyond that is Mercury Bay. To the east is the locality of Hahei and the tourist attraction of Cathe ...
by a cairn of Coromandel granite which tells the story: "In this bay was anchored 5 Nov 1769, HMS Endeavour, Lieutenant James Cook RN, Commander. He observed the transit of Mercury and named this bay."


European settlement

The original European settlement was situated on the opposite side of the river from approximately 1836 to 1881. HMS Buffalo is a wreck in Mercury Bay; this ship was the first ship to settle the people of the Adelaide company who established the city of Adelaide in South Australia.


Industry

Historically, Whitianga was a centre for boat building, kauri milling, flax milling, gold mining and
gum digging Kauri gum is resin from kauri trees (''Agathis australis''), which historically had several important industrial uses. It can also be used to make crafts such as jewellery. Kauri forests once covered much of the North Island of New Zealand, bef ...
. For many years, it was a leading timber port, with sailing ships from Norway,
Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic country located on ...
, France, Italy and Great Britain coming to load timber. Overseas vessels of 2000 tons with a draught of 18" and carrying with their decks loads over a million feet of timber worked the harbour entrance. The larger ships were towed into the port from near Centre Island. Over a period of sixty years, it is estimated over 500 million feet of kauri was exported from the Whitianga district. The first kauri gum was exported in 1844. It reached its peak in 1899 when over 11,000 long tons of gum was exported at an average of $120 per ton. Today Whitianga serves as a small regional centre for the eastern side of the Coromandel Peninsula and Mercury Bay area. It is a focal point for local fishing, farming and tourism industry, such as the nearby
Te Whanganui-A-Hei (Cathedral Cove) Te Whanganui-A-Hei (Cathedral Cove) Marine Reserve is in the southern part of Mercury Bay on the Coromandel Peninsula in New Zealand covering an area of . On the coast of the mainland, it stretches from Cook Bluff in the north-west to the nort ...
marine reserve and associated famous beach and cave. Cathedral Cove was used in the movie '' The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian''. The area surrounding Whitianga (222 square km) is currently under a mineral prospecting license granted by the Crown to mining company Waihi Gold (a subsidiary of Newmont Corporation Colorado, USA).


Social

74.8% of Whitianga residents are New Zealand born, 85.1% identify as European, and 17% are of Maori descent. Whitianga has a relatively large number of older residents. 32.3% of residents are aged 60 years and over (the New Zealand average for this age group is 19.8%). It also has a large number of baches or holiday homes. 39.1% of the private dwellings in Whitianga were unoccupied on Census night, 2013. (By contrast, the average number of unoccupied dwellings in New Zealand was 11.1%). In 2013 Whitianga had an unemployment level of 6.2%, lower than the national average of 7.1. 36.2% of households with income were in the lowest quartile, earning under $33,000 (versus 25% of people nationwide), 33.5% in the medium lowest (versus 25% nationwide), 21% in the medium highest (versus 25% nationwide), and 9.4% earned income over $109,431 which put them in the highest quartile (versus 25% nationwide). Whitianga scored 1008 on the Social Deprivation Index.


Education

Mercury Bay Area School is a coeducational composite (years 1-13) school with a roll of as of The first primary school opened in the area in 1872. A District High School opened in 1951 and moved to the present site two years later. In February 1981 it became an area school.


Transport

Whitianga is served by State Highway 25, the main highway looping around the Coromandel Peninsula. It is also served by the small
Whitianga Aerodrome Whitianga Aerodrome serves the town of Whitianga, New Zealand. The aerodrome is located 1.5 NM west of Whitianga on the eastern side of the Coromandel Peninsula in the North Island of New Zealand. The aerodrome is operated by the Mercury Bay ...
, which receives flights by Air Auckland with their Cessna 172 and 206 on a regular basis, FlyStark with their Cessna 172 and GippsAero GA8 Airvan aeroplanes and
Sunair Sunair is an airline based in New Zealand. It operates scheduled services in the North Island. Headquartered in Tauranga, the airline flies to Hamilton, Ardmore, Whangarei, Whitianga, Motiti Island and Great Barrier Island.
with their Cessna 172 and Piper Aztec planes. InterCity buses and Go Kiwi Shuttle serve the community with transportation to Whitianga from Thames, Auckland and other locations around the Coromandel Peninsula and
North Island The North Island, also officially named Te Ika-a-Māui, is one of the two main islands of New Zealand, separated from the larger but much less populous South Island by the Cook Strait. The island's area is , making it the world's 14th-largest ...
.


Media

Whitianga is served by ''
The Mercury Bay Informer ''The Mercury Bay Informer'' is a newspaper in Whitianga, New Zealand. Established in 2003 by Denise Gunson, it was purchased in 2006 by Gerry Church and Linda Cholmondeley-Smith.In January 2013, it was bought by Stephan and Petra Bosman. Pauli ...
'', ''The Hauraki Herald'', and Coromandel's More FM.


Events

An annual scallop festival is held in September every year to celebrate seafood, particularly
scallop Scallop () is a common name that encompasses various species of marine bivalve mollusks in the taxonomic family Pectinidae, the scallops. However, the common name "scallop" is also sometimes applied to species in other closely related families ...
s. The Whitianga Speed Festival was held in 2009 and 2010. A New Year's Eve festival and concert, known as Coromandel Gold, was held from 2009 to 2012.


References


External links


Local website

MBBA Website

Local newspaper
{{Authority control Thames-Coromandel District Populated places in Waikato