White Terror is the name of several episodes of mass violence in history, carried out against

anarchists Anarchism is a political philosophy and movement that is skeptical of all justifications for authority and seeks to abolish the institutions it claims maintain unnecessary coercion and hierarchy, typically including, though not necessari ...

communists Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a so ...

socialists Socialism is a left-wing economic philosophy and movement encompassing a range of economic systems characterized by the dominance of social ownership of the means of production as opposed to private ownership. As a term, it describes the eco ...

, liberals, revolutionaries, or other opponents by

conservative Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy that seeks to promote and to preserve traditional institutions, practices, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civilization i ...

nationalist Nationalism is an idea and movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the state. As a movement, nationalism tends to promote the interests of a particular nation (as in a group of people), Smith, Anthony. ''Nationalism: The ...

groups. It is sometimes contrasted with, and is the opposite of, a

red terror The Red Terror (russian: Красный террор, krasnyj terror) in Soviet Russia was a campaign of political repression and executions carried out by the Bolsheviks, chiefly through the Cheka, the Bolshevik secret police. It started in lat ...

. It may refer to:

History

Various anti-leftist acts of violence: *

First White Terror The White Terror (french: Terreur Blanche) was a period during the French Revolution in 1795 when a wave of violent attacks swept across much of France. The victims of this violence were people identified as being associated with the Reign of T ...

(1794–1795), a movement against the

Jacobins , logo = JacobinVignette03.jpg , logo_size = 180px , logo_caption = Seal of the Jacobin Club (1792–1794) , motto = "Live free or die"(french: Vivre libre ou mourir) , successor = Pa ...

in the French Revolution *

Second White Terror The Second White Terror (french: Deuxième Terreur Blanche) occurred in France in 1815–1816, following the defeat of Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo (18 June 1815) and the enthronement of Louis XVIII as king of France after the Hundred Days. ...

(1815), a movement against the French Revolution *

White Terror (Russia) The White Terror (russian: Белый Террор, Belyy Terror) in Russia refers to the organized violence and mass killings carried out by the White Army during the Russian Civil War (1917–23). It began after the Bolsheviks seized power in No ...

, massacres carried out by opponents of the Soviet government during the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the Russian Civil War (1918–1921) * White Terror (Bulgaria), the repression of the Communist September insurgency in the Kingdom of Bulgaria (1923) *

White Terror (Hungary) The White Terror in Hungary ( hu, Fehér Terror) was a two-year period (1919–1921) of repressive violence by counter-revolutionary soldiers, carried out to destroy any supporters of Hungary's short-lived Soviet republic and its Red Terror. Tens ...

, a two-year period (1919–1921) of repressive violence by counter-revolutionary soldiers *

White Terror (Spain) In the history of Spain, the White Terror ( es, Terror Blanco; also known as the Francoist Repression, ''la Represión franquista'') describes the political repression, including executions and rapes, which were carried out by the Nationalist ...

, mass murders committed by the Nationalist movement during the Spanish Civil War and Francisco Franco's rule *

White Terror (mainland China) The Shanghai massacre of 12 April 1927, the April 12 Purge or the April 12 Incident as it is commonly known in China, was the violent suppression of Chinese Communist Party (CCP) organizations and leftist elements in Shanghai by forces supportin ...

, the period of political repression in China which was started in 1927 by the Republic of China/Kuomintang government *

White Terror (Taiwan) The White Terror () was the political repression of Taiwanese civilians under the Kuomintang (KMT)-ruled government. The period of White Terror is generally considered to have begun when martial law was declared in Taiwan on 19 May 1949, whic ...

, the period of political repression in Taiwan which was started in the years of 1949 to 1987 by the Republic of China/Kuomintang government *

White Terror (Greece) White Terror ( el, Λευκή Τρομοκρατία) is the term used in Greece, analogous to similar cases, for the period of persecution of members of the Communist Party of Greece (KKE) and other former members of the leftist World War II-era ...

, persecution of the EAM-ELAS between the signing of the Treaty of Varkiza in February 1945 and the beginning of the Greek Civil War in March 1946 *

White Terror (Finland) The Finnish Civil War; . Other designations: Brethren War, Citizen War, Class War, Freedom War, Red Rebellion and Revolution, . According to 1,005 interviews done by the newspaper ''Aamulehti'', the most popular names were as follows: Civil W ...

, repression which was committed by the White troops both during and after the Finnish Civil War in 1918

Film and television

* ''The White Terror'' (film), a 1917 silent German film * ''Kenya: White Terror'', a 2002 BBC documentary based on the work of

Caroline Elkins Caroline Elkins (American, born Caroline Fox, 1969) is Professor of History and African and African American Studies at Harvard University, the Thomas Henry Carroll/Ford Foundation Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School ...

Other

* A common expression which is used to describe anonymous acts which are committed in order to create a

climate of fear Culture of fear (or climate of fear) is the concept that people may incite fear in the general public to achieve political or workplace goals through emotional bias; it was developed as a sociological framework by Frank Furedi and has been mo ...

White terrorism Right-wing terrorism, hard right terrorism, extreme right terrorism or far-right terrorism is terrorism that is motivated by a variety of different right-wing and far-right ideologies, most prominently, it is motivated by neo-Nazism, anti-communi ...

, hate crimes and xenophobic acts of terrorism which are committed by white Americans

History

Film and television

Other

See also