The white-browed brushfinch (''Arremon torquatus'') is a species of

bird Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweigh ...

in the family Passerellidae. It lives in northwestern

Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...

Bolivia , image_flag = Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg , flag_alt = Horizontal tricolor (red, yellow, and green from top to bottom) with the coat of arms of Bolivia in the center , flag_alt2 = 7 × 7 square p ...

, and southern

Peru , image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg , image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg , other_symbol = Great Seal of the State , other_symbol_type = Seal (emblem), National seal , national_motto = "Fi ...

. It is generally common in forest and dense

second growth The second (symbol: s) is the unit of time in the International System of Units (SI), historically defined as of a day – this factor derived from the division of the day first into 24 hours, then to 60 minutes and finally to 60 seconds each ...

, mainly at altitudes of , but locally it occurs at far lower altitudes.Ridgely, R. S., & G. Tudor. (1989). ''Birds of South America. The Oscine Passerines.'' Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. It previously was considered the nominate subspecies of the

stripe-headed brushfinch The stripe-headed brushfinch is split into the following species: * White-browed brushfinch, ''Arremon torquatus'' * Grey-browed brushfinch, ''Arremon assimilis'' * Black-headed brushfinch, ''Arremon atricapillus'' * Costa Rican brushfinch, ''Arre ...

Taxonomy

Until recently, the white-browed brushfinch was placed in the

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

Buarremon ''Arremon'' is a genus of neotropical birds in the family Passerellidae. With the exception of the green-striped brushfinch which is endemic to Mexico, all species are found in South America, with a few reaching Central America. These sparr ...

''.Cadena, C. D., J. Klicka and R. E. Ricklefs. (2007). ''Evolutionary differentiation in the Neotropical montane region: molecular phylogenetics and phylogeography of Buarremon brush-finches (Aves, Emberizidae).'' Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 44(3): 993-1016. Considerable racial variation existed in the formerly named stripe-headed brushfinch, and based on

ecology Ecology () is the study of the relationships between living organisms, including humans, and their physical environment. Ecology considers organisms at the individual, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere level. Ecology overlaps wi ...

morphology Morphology, from the Greek and meaning "study of shape", may refer to: Disciplines *Morphology (archaeology), study of the shapes or forms of artifacts *Morphology (astronomy), study of the shape of astronomical objects such as nebulae, galaxies, ...

, song, and

molecular A molecule is a group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds; depending on context, the term may or may not include ions which satisfy this criterion. In quantum physics, organic chemistry, and bioche ...

work it was recently suggested that it be split into eight species.Cadena, C. D., and A. M. Cuervo (2009). ''Molecules, ecology, morphology, and songs in concert: how many species is Arremon torquatus (Aves: Emberizidae)?'' Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 99(1): 152-176

References

* {{Taxonbar, from=Q1307528 white-browed brushfinch Birds of the Northern Andes white-browed brushfinch white-browed brushfinch white-browed brushfinch Taxonomy articles created by Polbot