The white-bibbed fruit dove (''Ptilinopus rivoli'') is a species of

bird Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweigh ...

in the family

Columbidae Columbidae () is a bird family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills that in some species feature fleshy ceres. They primarily ...

Subspecies

Subspecies In biological classification, subspecies is a rank below species, used for populations that live in different areas and vary in size, shape, or other physical characteristics (morphology), but that can successfully interbreed. Not all species ...

include: *''Ptilinopus rivoli bellus'' P.L.Sclater, 1874 (

New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu Hiri Motu, also known as Police Motu, Pidgin Motu, or just Hiri, is a language of Papua New Guinea, which is spoken in surrounding areas of Port Moresby (Capital of Papua New Guinea). It is a simplified version of ...

, Karkar Island, Goodenough Island) *''Ptilinopus rivoli miquelii'' Schlegel, 1871 - Yapen and Meos Num (northern

) *''Ptilinopus rivoli prasinorrhous'' G.R.Gray, 1858 (West Papuan Islands and Geelvink Bay Islands) *''Ptilinopus rivoli rivoli'' (Prévost, 1843) (

Bismarck Archipelago The Bismarck Archipelago (, ) is a group of islands off the northeastern coast of New Guinea in the western Pacific Ocean and is part of the Islands Region of Papua New Guinea. Its area is about 50,000 square km. History The first inhabitants o ...

) *''Ptilinopus rivoli strophium'' Gould, 1850 - Egum Atoll (

Trobriand Islands The Trobriand Islands are a archipelago of coral atolls off the east coast of New Guinea. They are part of the nation of Papua New Guinea and are in Milne Bay Province. Most of the population of 12,000 indigenous inhabitants live on the main isla ...

) and

Louisiade Archipelago The Louisiade Archipelago is a string of ten larger volcanic islands frequently fringed by coral reefs, and 90 smaller coral islands in Papua New Guinea. It is located 200 km southeast of New Guinea, stretching over more than and spread ...

Image: PtilonopusBellusSmit.jpg, ''Ptilinopus rivoli bellus'' Image: PtilopusMiqueliKeulemans.jpg, ''Ptilinopus rivoli miqueli''

Distribution

This species can bes found in the

Maluku Islands The Maluku Islands (; Indonesian: ''Kepulauan Maluku'') or the Moluccas () are an archipelago in the east of Indonesia. Tectonically they are located on the Halmahera Plate within the Molucca Sea Collision Zone. Geographically they are located eas ...

and the

. It is also present in many of the islands bordering New Guinea. Among others it occurs in the Moluccas, the

Aru Islands Regency The Aru Islands Regency ( id, Kabupaten Kepulauan Aru) is a group of about 95 low-lying islands in the Maluku Islands of eastern Indonesia. It also forms a regency of Maluku Province, with a land area of . At the 2011 Census the Regency had a po ...

. The islands on which the white-bibbed fruit dove is relatively common include Buru, Seram and

Karkar Karkar may refer to: *Karkar, Selseleh, a village in Iran *Karkar Island, an island in Papua New Guinea *Karkar language, a language spoken in Papua New Guinea *Karkar Rural LLG, a local-level government in Papua New Guinea *Karkar Morghi Deli Baja ...

. David Gibbs, Eustace Barnes und John Cox: Pigeons and Doves. A Guide to the Pigeons and Doves of the World. Pica Press, Sussex 2001,

Habitat

Its natural

habitat In ecology, the term habitat summarises the array of resources, physical and biotic factors that are present in an area, such as to support the survival and reproduction of a particular species. A species habitat can be seen as the physical ...

s are

subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests (TSMF), also known as tropical moist forest, is a subtropical and tropical forest habitat type defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature. Description TSMF is generally found in large, discont ...

and subtropical or tropical moist

montane forest Montane ecosystems are found on the slopes of mountains. The alpine climate in these regions strongly affects the ecosystem because temperatures fall as elevation increases, causing the ecosystem to stratify. This stratification is a crucial f ...

. It occurs predominantly on primary mountain forest, but it also inhabits secondary forest in a lower density. In New Guinea it is typically found at altitudes between 1,000 and 3,260 meters above sea level. On smaller islands such as

, however, it can also be found in the lowlands. It is a species that predominantly prefers the tree canopy.

Description

''Ptilinopus rivoli'' can reach a body length of 23.5 to 26 centimeters. Gerhard Rösler: Die Wildtauben der Erde – Freileben, Haltung und Zucht. Verlag M. & H. Schaper, Alfeld-Hannover 1996, It is smaller than an

African collared dove The African collared dove (''Streptopelia roseogrisea'') is a small dove found in the Sahel, northern parts of the Horn of Africa and southwestern Arabia. Although it lives in arid lands, it is found around water sources. This bird is typica ...

, but more compact than this one. Their tail is shorter and rounded. In this species the sexes are dimorphic. The males have a striking purple head cap. The females are almost entirely green feathered. The plumage is predominantly dark green. There is a large crescent-shaped white band on the chest. Depending on the subspecies, this band can also have a yellowish tinge. The color of the belly and the underside of the tail also vary depending on the subspecies. There is an elongated, narrow spot of purple color on the belly. The tail feathers are bright yellow. In some subspecies, however, the belly is also pure yellow and the tail feathers are green. The beak is bright yellow.

Biology

''Ptilinopus rivoli'' is a fruit-eating species that picks fruits from the branches, but seldom on the ground. The nest is put together from twigs. The laying comprises two eggs, which is atypical for fruit pigeons native to New Guinea.

References

* This article has been expanded using, inter alia, material based on a translation of an article from the Deutsch Wikipedia, by the same name.

External links

* * {{Taxonbar, from=Q1267993 white-bibbed fruit dove Birds of the Maluku Islands Birds of New Guinea Birds of the Bismarck Archipelago white-bibbed fruit dove white-bibbed fruit dove Taxonomy articles created by Polbot