In
physics
Physics is the scientific study of matter, its Elementary particle, fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. "Physical science is that department of knowledge whi ...
, The Werthamer–Helfand–Hohenberg (WHH) theory was proposed in 1966 by N. Richard Werthamer, Eugene Helfand and
Pierre Hohenberg to go beyond
BCS theory
In physics, the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) theory (named after John Bardeen, Leon Cooper, and John Robert Schrieffer) is the first microscopic theory of superconductivity since Heike Kamerlingh Onnes's 1911 discovery. The theory descr ...
of
superconductivity
Superconductivity is a set of physical properties observed in superconductors: materials where Electrical resistance and conductance, electrical resistance vanishes and Magnetic field, magnetic fields are expelled from the material. Unlike an ord ...
and it provides
predictions of
upper critical field
For a given temperature, the critical field refers to the maximum magnetic field strength below which a material remains superconducting. Superconductivity is characterized both by perfect conductivity (zero resistance) and by the complete expulsio ...
() in type-II
superconductors.
The theory predicts the
upper critical field
For a given temperature, the critical field refers to the maximum magnetic field strength below which a material remains superconducting. Superconductivity is characterized both by perfect conductivity (zero resistance) and by the complete expulsio ...
() at 0 K from and the slope of at .
References
Superconductivity
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