Welby is an English village and

civil parish In England, a civil parish is a type of administrative parish used for local government. It is a territorial designation which is the lowest tier of local government below districts and counties, or their combined form, the unitary authorit ...

in the South Kesteven district of

Lincolnshire Lincolnshire (abbreviated Lincs.) is a Counties of England, county in the East Midlands of England, with a long coastline on the North Sea to the east. It borders Norfolk to the south-east, Cambridgeshire to the south, Rutland to the south-we ...

. The population of the civil parish was 169 in 82 households at the 2011 census. It lies north-east of

Grantham Grantham () is a market and industrial town in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England, situated on the banks of the River Witham and bounded to the west by the A1 road. It lies some 23 miles (37 km) south of the Lincoln and ...

and east of the old Roman road

Ermine Street Ermine Street is a major Roman road in England that ran from London ('' Londinium'') to Lincoln (''Lindum Colonia'') and York (''Eboracum''). The Old English name was ''Earninga Strǣt'' (1012), named after a tribe called the ''Earningas' ...

. The neighbouring villages are Aisby,

Oasby Oasby is a hamlet in the civil parish of Heydour, in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It lies north-east of Grantham. Oasby, Heydour, Aisby, Culverthorpe and Kelby are the five hamlets within Heydour parish. O ...

, and

Heydour Heydour is a hamlet and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. The parish population of 286 at the 2001 census rose to 311 at the 2011 census. Heydour lies about south-west of Sleaford and north-east of Grantham. ...

History

GRAVE SLAB - ST BARTHOLOMEW - WELBY, LINCS

According to ''A Dictionary of British Place Names'', Welby means a "farmstead or village by a spring or stream", combining the

Old English Old English (, ), or Anglo-Saxon, is the earliest recorded form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages. It was brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers in the mid-5th c ...

"wella" for a stream, with Old Scandinavian "by" for a "farmstead, village or settlement". Welby is recorded in the 1086 '' Domesday'' account as "Wellebi", within two manors in the Threo

Hundred 100 or one hundred (Roman numeral: C) is the natural number following 99 and preceding 101. In medieval contexts, it may be described as the short hundred or five score in order to differentiate the English and Germanic use of "hundred" to des ...

Kesteven The Parts of Kesteven ( or ) are a traditional division of Lincolnshire, England. This division had long had a separate county administration (quarter sessions), along with the two other Parts of Lincolnshire, Lindsey and Holland. Etymology Th ...

. The first manor held 57 households, 7

villeins A villein, otherwise known as ''cottar'' or '' crofter'', is a serf tied to the land in the feudal system. Villeins had more rights and social status than those in slavery, but were under a number of legal restrictions which differentiated them ...

, 4 smallholders, 37 freemen, a priest, a church, a meadow of , and woodland of . In 1066 Queen Edith was

Lord of the Manor Lord of the Manor is a title that, in Anglo-Saxon England, referred to the landholder of a rural estate. The lord enjoyed manorial rights (the rights to establish and occupy a residence, known as the manor house and demesne) as well as seig ...

, this transferred to

William I William I; ang, WillelmI (Bates ''William the Conqueror'' p. 33– 9 September 1087), usually known as William the Conqueror and sometimes William the Bastard, was the first Norman king of England, reigning from 1066 until his death in 10 ...

in 1086, who also became

tenant in chief In medieval and early modern Europe, the term ''tenant-in-chief'' (or ''vassal-in-chief'') denoted a person who held his lands under various forms of feudal land tenure directly from the king or territorial prince to whom he did homage, as oppos ...

. The second ''Domesday'' entry shows a manor with 3 villagers, 5 freemen and 4 ploughlands, with a meadow , and woodland of , with the lord in 1066 being Aethelstan, son of Godram. In 1086 the lordship was transferred to Ranulf, with Guy of Craon becoming tenant in chief. Welby's

Grade I In the United Kingdom, a listed building or listed structure is one that has been placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, Historic Environment Scotland in Scotland, in Wales, and the Northern Irel ...

listed Anglican parish church is dedicated to St Bartholomew the Apostle. The church originates from the 13th century and is mainly Early English, but with a

Perpendicular In elementary geometry, two geometric objects are perpendicular if they intersect at a right angle (90 degrees or π/2 radians). The condition of perpendicularity may be represented graphically using the ''perpendicular symbol'', ⟂. It ca ...

clerestory and porch.Cox, J. Charles (1916) ''Lincolnshire'' p. 331; Methuen & Co. Ltd. In 1873 the north

aisle An aisle is, in general, a space for walking with rows of non-walking spaces on both sides. Aisles with seating on both sides can be seen in airplanes, certain types of buildings, such as churches, cathedrals, synagogues, meeting halls, par ...

was extended and the

chancel In church architecture, the chancel is the space around the altar, including the choir and the sanctuary (sometimes called the presbytery), at the liturgical east end of a traditional Christian church building. It may terminate in an apse. Ov ...

rebuilt by J. H. Hakewill, who matched the Early English style.

Pevsner, Nikolaus Sir Nikolaus Bernhard Leon Pevsner (30 January 1902 – 18 August 1983) was a German-British art historian and architectural historian best known for his monumental 46-volume series of county-by-county guides, ''The Buildings of England'' (1 ...

; Harris, John; ''The Buildings of England: Lincolnshire'' p. 704; Penguin, (1964); revised by Nicholas Antram in 1989, Yale University Press. .''Kelly's Directory of Lincolnshire with the port of Hull'' 1885, p. 701. Within the porch is a 14th-century stone tomb cover with relief depictions of a woman's head and shoulders, within a quatrefoil recess, along with a shrouded baby. It was originally sited in the graveyard. The former rectory is also a listed building. It was designed by the Grantham architect Cornelius Sherborne. In 1885 ''

Kelly's Directory Kelly's Directory (or more formally, the Kelly's, Post Office and Harrod & Co Directory) was a trade directory in England that listed all businesses and tradespeople in a particular city or town, as well as a general directory of postal addresses ...

'' reported a

Wesleyan Wesleyan theology, otherwise known as Wesleyan– Arminian theology, or Methodist theology, is a theological tradition in Protestant Christianity based upon the ministry of the 18th-century evangelical reformer brothers John Wesley and Charle ...

chapel, built in 1866, and a school and four almshouses founded in 1780 by William Welby; a further school for 70 pupils had been built in 1869. The main crops grown were wheat, barley, oats and turnips, within a parish area of . The 1881 population was 390. The lord of the manor and owner of the parish land was Sir William Earle Welby-Gregory DL, JP, of Denton Hall. ''Kellys'' also noted two

public house A pub (short for public house) is a kind of drinking establishment which is licensed to serve alcoholic drinks for consumption on the premises. The term ''public house'' first appeared in the United Kingdom in late 17th century, and wa ...

s, the ''Red Lion'' and ''Waggon and Horses'', 12 farmers, 4 graziers, a butcher, shoemaker, shopkeeper, carrier, coal dealer,

wheelwright A wheelwright is a craftsman who builds or repairs wooden wheels. The word is the combination of "wheel" and the word "wright", (which comes from the Old English word "''wryhta''", meaning a worker or shaper of wood) as in shipwright and arkwr ...

, beer retailer, harness maker and a

blacksmith A blacksmith is a metalsmith who creates objects primarily from wrought iron or steel, but sometimes from other metals, by forging the metal, using tools to hammer, bend, and cut (cf. tinsmith). Blacksmiths produce objects such as gates, gr ...

Community

St Bartholomew's Church belongs to the

Loveden Loveden is a Deanery of the Diocese of Lincoln, England, and a former Wapentake. Loveden is located broadly to the North of Grantham and includes the villages from Long Bennington in the west to Culverthorpe in the east, and from Welby in th ...

Deanery of the Diocese of Lincoln. The incumbent is Rev. Alan Littlewood."Welby D C C"
Diocese of Lincoln. Retrieved 6 August 2011 The village road sign includes images of St Bartholomew's Church and of a cricketer; Welby has a village cricket team. Welby's present-day public house is the ''Crown and Anchor''.

References

External links

* {{authority control Villages in Lincolnshire Civil parishes in Lincolnshire South Kesteven District