genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean,
Madagascar
Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Africa ...
and surrounding islands, Malesia and the islands of the South Pacific. It is absent from mainland Africa and Australia, but some fossils have been attributed to ''Weinmannia'' in Australia. Leaves are simple or pinnate, with a margin usually toothed, and interpetiolar stipules. Flowers are bisexual, white, arranged in racemes. The fruit is a capsule opening vertically from the top to the base. Seeds hairy without wings.
Taxonomy
The genus has been divided into five sections:
* ''Fasciculata'' (mostly Malesia, from Sumatra to Fiji)
* ''Inspersa'' (Madagascar)
* ''Leiospermum'' (mostly Pacific, from Bismarck archipelago to the Marquesas)
* ''Spicata'' (Madagascar and Comores)
* ''Weinmannia'' (Central and South America, Mascarenes)
A phylogenomic study by Pillon ''et al.'' (2021) concluded that ''Weinmannia'' was paraphyletic, and formed two distinct clades. The species belonging to the four
Old World
The "Old World" is a term for Afro-Eurasia that originated in Europe , after Europeans became aware of the existence of the Americas. It is used to contrast the continents of Africa, Europe, and Asia, which were previously thought of by the ...
sections – ''Fasciculatae, Inspersae, Spicatae'', and ''Leiospermum'' – formed a monophyletic group, which is sister to the Old World (mostly
New Caledonia
)
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, image_map = New Caledonia on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg
, map_alt = Location of New Caledonia
, map_caption = Location of New Caledonia
, mapsize = 290px
, subdivision_type = Sovereign st ...
n) genera ''
Cunonia
''Cunonia'' is a genus of shrubs and trees in the family Cunoniaceae. The genus has a disjunct distribution, with 24 species endemic to New Caledonia in the Pacific, and one species (''Cunonia capensis'') in Southern Africa. Leaves are opposite, ...
'' and ''
Pancheria
''Pancheria'' is a genus of shrubs and trees in the family Cunoniaceae. It is to endemic to New Caledonia and contains 27 species. Leaves or whorled (or opposite in '' Pancheria confusa''), simple or pinnate. The flowers are arranged in capitula, ...
''. Section ''Weinmannia'', which includes species from the Americas and the Mascarene Islands, is sister to the Old World assemblage. They proposed placing the four Old World sections into the revived genus '' Pterophylla'', with genus ''Weinmannia'' limited to the American and Mascarene species in section ''Weinmannia''.Pillon, Y., H. C. F. Hopkins, O. Maurin, N. Epitawalage, J. Bradford, Z. S. Rogers, W. J. Baker, and F. Forest. 2021. Phylogenomics and biogeography of Cunoniaceae (Oxalidales) with complete generic sampling and taxonomic realignments. '' American Journal of Botany'' 108(7): 1181–1200.
''The Plant List'' recognises 129 accepted species (including infraspecific names):
''Fasciculata''
(mostly Malesia, from Sumatra to Fiji)
* ''
Weinmannia aphanoneura
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
'' (Borneo & Sumatra)
* ''
Weinmannia celebica
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
'' (Sulawesi)
* ''
Weinmannia clemenisae
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
'' (Borneo)
* ''
Weinmannia coodei
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
'' (Sulawesi)
* ''
Weinmannia descombesiana
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
'' (Sulawesi)
* ''
Weinmannia devogelii
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
'' (Sulawesi)
* ''
Weinmannia exigua
''Weinmannia exigua'' is a species of plant in the family Cunoniaceae. It is endemic to Fiji. This scarce shrub or small tree occurs in an area with a high risk of fires.
References
exigua
''Exigua'' (synonym: ''Brassicicephalus'') is an ...
'' (Fiji & Solomon Islands)
* ''
Weinmannia eymaeana
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
'' (Sulawesi)
* ''
Weinmannia furfuracea
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
'' (Sulawesi & Seram)
* ''
Weinmannia fraxinea
''Weinmannia fraxinea'' is a tree in the family Cunoniaceae. It grows up to tall. The bark is grey to dark brown. Inflorescences bear up to three pairs of flowers. The specific epithet ' is from the Latin meaning "ash tree", referring to the lea ...
'' (Malesia & Solomon Islands)
* ''
Weinmannia hooglandii
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
'' (Peninsular Malaysia)
* ''
Weinmannia hutchinsonii
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
'' (Philippines)
* ''
Weinmannia lucida
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
'' (Philippines)
* ''
Weinmannia luzoniensis
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
'' (Philippines)
* ''
Weinmannia macgillivrayi
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
'' (Vanuatu)
* ''
Weinmannia negrosensis
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
'' (Sulawesi & Philippines)
* ''
Weinmannia pullei
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
Weinmannia spiraeoides
''Weinmannia spiraeoides'' was a species of plant in the family Cunoniaceae. It was endemic to Fiji
Fiji ( , ,; fj, Viti, ; Fiji Hindi: फ़िजी, ''Fijī''), officially the Republic of Fiji, is an island country in Melanesia, pa ...
'' (Fiji)
* ''
Weinmannia urdanetensis
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
Weinmannia hepaticarum
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
Weinmannia venusta
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
Weinmannia marquesana
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
Weinmannia paitensis
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
'' (New Caledonia)
* ''
Weinmannia parviflora
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
Weinmannia raiateensis
''Weinmannia raiateensis'' is a species of plant in the family Cunoniaceae. It is endemic
Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zon ...
Weinmannia tremuloides
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
'' (Marquesas)
* ''
Weinmannia vescoi
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
Weinmannia baehniana
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
Weinmannia comorensis
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
Weinmannia humbertiana
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
Weinmannia integrifolia
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
Weinmannia mammea
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
Weinmannia minutiflora
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
Weinmannia venosa
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
Plants of the World Online
Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It was launched in March 2017 with the ultimate aim being "to enable users to access information on all the world's known seed-bearing plants by ...
'', Kew Science. Accessed 26 September 2022.
* ''
Weinmannia abstrusa
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
Weinmannia balbisiana
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
Weinmannia boliviensis
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
Weinmannia chryseis
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
Weinmannia cogolloi
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
Weinmannia costulata
''Weinmannia costulata'' is a species of plant in the family Cunoniaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forest
Montane ecosystems are found on the slopes of mountains. The alpine cli ...
Weinmannia dzieduszyckii
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
Weinmannia glomerata
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
Weinmannia heterophylla
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
'' (Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia)
* '' Weinmannia horrida'' (Costa Rica and Panama)
* ''
Weinmannia humilis
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
'' (southeastern and southern Brazil)
* ''
Weinmannia ibaguensis
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
Weinmannia intermedia
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
'' (southern Mexico and Honduras)
* ''
Weinmannia jahnii
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
Weinmannia karsteniana
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
'' (Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, and northwestern Venezuela)
* '' Weinmannia kunthiana'' (Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and northwestern Venezuela)
* '' Weinmannia lansbergiana'' (Peru, northeastern Colombia, and Venezuela)
* ''
Weinmannia latifolia
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
Weinmannia lyrata
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
Weinmannia macrophylla
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
'' (central Colombia and Ecuador)
* ''
Weinmannia macrostachya
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagas ...
Weinmannia mariquitae
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
Weinmannia organensis
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
Weinmannia pinnata
''Weinmannia pinnata'', commonly known as the bastard briziletto, is a species of tree in the family Cunoniaceae. It is native to Mexico, Central America, South America and the West Indies. It typically grows in wet habitats at high altitudes, a ...
Weinmannia pubescens
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
Weinmannia sorbifolia
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
Weinmannia spruceana
''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It is the largest genus of the family with about 150 species. It is also the most widespread genus, occurring in Central and South America including the Caribbean, Madagasc ...
Weinmannia tinctoria
''Weinmannia tinctoria'' is a species of plant in the family Cunoniaceae. It is found in Mauritius and Réunion off the east coast of Africa.
Conservation
It is an IUCN Red List Critically endangered species, threatened by habitat loss
H ...
Weinmannia tomentosa
''Weinmannia tomentosa'', the encenillo, is a tree native of the highlands of the Andean region of Colombia, which belongs to the family Cunoniaceae. A synonym for ''Weinmannia tomentosa'' is ''Windmannia tomentosa''.Weinmannia trianae'' (Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia)
* ''
Weinmannia trichosperma
''Weinmannia trichosperma'', the ''tineo'', is an evergreen tree in the family of Cunoniaceae, it is native to Chile and Argentina: 35 to 47°S. endemic to laurel forest habitat.
Description
''Weinmannia trichosperma'' grows up to 30 m (1 ...