Realisation of the potential
;Summary of Scotland's resource potential The table below is based on figures available in November 2019. Even though the claim that Scotland had 25% of the EU's potential wind power was repeated on multiple occasions, this was shown to be incorrect after several FOI requests ,and estimated to be between 4 and 6 percent. It should be borne in mind that electricity production is only part of the overall energy use budget. In 2002, Scotland consumed a total of 175Hydro-electric power
Scotland has 85% of the UK'sWind power
Wind power is the country's fastest growingOnshore
The 54-turbineOffshore
TheWave power
Various systems are under development at present aimed at harnessing the enormous potential available for wave power off Scotland's coasts. Pelamis Wave Power were anTidal power
Unlike wind and wave,Bioenergy
Biofuel
Various small-scaleBiogas, anaerobic digestion and landfill gas
Biogas, orSolid biomass
A 2007 report concluded that wood fuel exceeded hydro-electric and wind as the largest potential source of renewable energy. Scotland's forests, which made up 60% of the UK resource base, were forecast to be able to provide up to 1 million tonnes of wood fuel per annum. The biomass energy supply was forecast to reach 450 MW or higher, (predominantly from wood), with power stations requiring 4,500–5,000 oven-dry tonnes per annum per megawatt of generating capacity. However a 2011Incineration
There is a successful waste-to-energy incineration plant atSolar energy
Solar radiation has strong seasonality in Scotland as a result of its latitude. In 2015, solar PV contributed 0.2% to Scotlands final energy consumption. In a 100% renewable scenario for 2050, it is estimated that solar PV would provide 7% of electricity. The UK's practicable resource is estimated at 7.2 TWh per year. Despite Scotland's relatively low level of sunshine hours, solar thermal panels can work effectively as they are capable of producing hot water even in cloudy weather. The technology was developed in the 1970s and is well-established with various installers in place; for example, AES Solar based inGeothermal energy
Complementary technologies
It is clear that if carbon emissions are to be reduced, a combination of increased production from renewables and decreased consumption of energy in general and fossil fuels in particular will be required. The Energy Technology Partnership provides a bridge between academic research in the energy sector and industry and aims to translate research into economic impact. Although also low-carbon, Torness, the only nuclear power station is due to be closed in 2028 and no new nuclear power in Scotland built due to Scottish government opposition.Grid management
Demand patterns are changing with the emergence ofCarbon sequestration
Also known as carbon capture and storage, this technology involves the storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) that is a by-product of industrial processes through its injection into oil fields. It is not a form of renewable energy production, but it may be a way to significantly reduce the effect of fossil fuels whilst renewables are commercialised. It may also be an intermediate step towards a 'hydrogen economy' (see below), which could either enable further renewable development or conceivably out-compete it. The technology has been successfully pioneered inHydrogen
AlthoughLocal vs national concerns
A significant feature of Scotland's renewable potential is that the resources are largely distant from the main centres of population. This is by no means coincidental. The power of wind, wave and tide on the north and west coasts and for hydro in the mountains makes for dramatic scenery, but sometimes harsh living conditions. This happenstance of geography and climate has created various tensions. There is clearly a significant difference between a renewable energy production facility of modest size providing an island community with all its energy needs, and an industrial-scale power station in the same location that is designed to export power to far distant urban locations. Thus, plans for one of the world's largest onshore windfarms on the HebrideanPromotion of renewables
Growing national concerns regarding peak oil and climate change have driven the subject of renewable energy high up the political agenda. Various public bodies and public-private partnerships have been created to develop the potential. TheNew YouGov research for Scottish Renewables shows Scots are twice as likely to favour wind power over nuclear or shale gas. Over six in ten (62%) people in Scotland say they would support large-scale wind projects in their local area, more than double the number who said they would be generally for shale gas (24%) and almost twice as much as nuclear (32%). Hydro power is the most popular energy source for large-scale projects in Scotland, with an overwhelming majority (80%) being in favour.The Scottish Government's energy plans have called for 100% of electricity consumption to be generated through renewable sources and that by 2030 half of total energy consumption (including heat and transportation) will be met from renewables."The future of energy in Scotland: Scottish energy strategy: Executive summary"
Political landscape
Energy policy in Scotland is a “ reserved” issue, i.e. responsibility for it lies with the UK government. First Minister of Scotland and SNP leaderSee also
Global * World energy consumption *Notes and references
Notes
Citations
External links