Wave equation analysis is a
numerical method
In numerical analysis, a numerical method is a mathematical tool designed to solve numerical problems. The implementation of a numerical method with an appropriate convergence check in a programming language is called a numerical algorithm.
Mathem ...
of analysis for the behavior of
driven foundation piles. It predicts the pile capacity versus blow count relationship (bearing graph) and pile driving
stress. The model mathematically represents the
pile driving hammer and all its accessories (ram, cap, and cap block), as well as the pile, as a series of lumped masses and
springs in a
one-dimensional analysis. The
soil response for each pile segment is modeled as
viscoelastic-
plastic. The method was first developed in the 1950s by E.A. Smith of the Raymond Pile Driving Company.
Wave equation analysis of piles has seen many improvements since the 1950s such as including a
thermodynamic diesel hammer model and residual stress. Commercial software packages (such as AllWave-PDP and GRLWEAP) are now available to perform the analysis.
One of the principal uses of this method is the performance of a driveability analysis to select the parameters for safe pile installation, including recommendations on cushion stiffness, hammer stroke and other driving system parameters that optimize blow counts and pile stresses during pile driving. For example, when a soft or hard layer causes excessive stresses or unacceptable blow counts.
References
* Smith, E.A.L. (1960) ''Pile-Driving Analysis by the Wave Equation.'' Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers. Vol. 86, No. EM 4, August.
External links
The Wave Equation Page for Piling
{{Geotechnical engineering
Deep foundations
Soil mechanics