Biography
Early life
Wasif Jawhariyyeh was born to Jiryis and Hilana Barakat on 14 January 1897 in Jerusalem. The Jawhariyyeh's practisedHis father, Jiryis (Girgis), was theThe Jawhariyyeh's position within Jerusalem's class system, "It is impossible, however, to understand the Jawhariyyehs placement in pre-Mandate Palestine (mukhtar A mukhtar ( ar, مختار, mukhtār, chosen one; el, μουχτάρης) is a village chief in the Levant: "an old institution that goes back to the time of the Ottoman rule". According to Amir S. Cheshin, Bill Hutman and Avi Melamed, the muk ...of the Eastern Orthodox community in the Old City (1884) and a member of Jerusalem's municipal council, serving under the MayorsSalim al-Husseini Salim Effendi al-Husayni ( ar, سليم الحسيني) (unknown birth–1908) was List of mayors of Jerusalem, Mayor of Jerusalem from 1882 to 1897. Hussein al-Husayni and Musa al-Husayni, Mousa Kazim al-Husayni, later mayors of the city, were his ...and Faidy al-Alami. Trained as a lawyer he was well versed inMuslim Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abrah ...Shari' law and commanded several languages, including Greek, Turkish and Arabic. He worked briefly as a government tax assessor, but later turned to private business, becoming a successful silk farmer in Ezariyyeh and proprietor of a public café over the Jraisheh River. He was also a skilled icon maker and amateur musician—which accounts for his encouragement of Wasif to take on the 'oud early in his youth. His mother, Hilaneh Barakat, descended from a leading Orthodox family from what later became known as theChristian Quarter The Christian Quarter ( ar, حارة النصارى, ''Ḥārat al-Naṣārā''; he, הרובע הנוצרי, ''Ha-Rova ha-Notsri'') is one of the four quarters of the walled Old City of Jerusalem, the other three being the Jewish Quarter, .... —Salim Tamari Salim Tamari ( ar, سليم تماري; born 1945), is a Palestinian sociologist who is the director of the Institute of Palestine Studies and an adjunct professor at the Center for Contemporary Arab Studies at Georgetown University. Rashid Khalid ..., " Jerusalem's Ottoman Modernity: The Times and Lives of Wasif Jawhariyyeh"
Education
Wasif's education provides an example of the cultural diversity of Jerusalem. The writings of Wasif reflected, "...a substantial degree of formal schooling... His polished language, rich poetic imagination."Tamari, Salim, "Wasif Jawhariyyeh, Popular Music and Modernity in Jerusalem", in Rebecca Stein and Ted Swedenberg (eds), ''Palestine, Israel, and the Politics of Popular Culture.'' Durham: Duke University Press, 2006, p. 33. Among the schools and subjects he studied were: I. The Dabbagha School (governed by the Lutheran Church) until 1909 and his studies included: basic Arab grammar, dictation, reading and arithmetic. II. The Dusturiya Nation School - a progressive institution directed by Khalil al-Sakakini. Here he was introduced to the subjects of physical education, English, French, Turkish.Gelvin, James L. ''The Modern Middle East: A History.'' New York: Oxford University Press, 2008, p. 103. As well as Qu'ranic studies, which he later accredits to his, "...mastery of Arabic music and singing." III. The al-Mutran School, where he was encouraged by his benefactor Husseini to study English. Wasif's education important in the context of the degree of diversity within Jerusalem. He was a Christian who attended both Christian and Muslim institutions, where he studied the languages of both the Middle East and Europe, the texts of the Bible and the Quran.The story of Jawharriyeh's education demonstrates the fluidity of boundaries in the Ottoman Empire during Jawhariyyeh's youth. In the contemporary world peoples' identities and social and political roles are relatively fixed. In the world of Jawhariyyeh's youth, boundaries separating the lives of Christians or Jews from Muslims were more fluid, as were urban social boundaries and the boundaries separating so-called traditional modern ways of life. —Gelvin James L. Gelvin (born February 12, 1951) is an American scholar of Middle Eastern history. He has been a faculty member in the department of history at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) since 1995 and has written extensively on the h ..., '' The Modern Middle East: A History''Gelvin (2008), p. 105.
Music career
Wasif's music career was influenced from the young age of nine. He was tutored by various musicians of Jerusalem. Wasif's music career exposed him to various cultures of the region and well as the West. Most important is the relationships formed with fellow musicians traveling from Lebanon, Egypt, Syria, Turkey and Russia. He played with and for Christians, Muslims and Jews. The collaboration of artists transcended the ethnic and sectarian identities. Wasif's education and musical career were marked by the growing influence of the culture of''The Diaries of Wasif Jawhariyyeh''
''The Diaries of Wasif Jawhariyyeh'': (1904–1968), are the memoirs of Wasif Jawhariyyeh (1897–1972), a citizen of Jerusalem and a well known composer, ''Modernization in Jerusalem
The city of Jerusalem, at the start of Jawhariyyeh's writing in 1904, was described as, "a relative backwater of theOverview
''The Diaries of Wasif Jawhariyyeh'' are the compilation of Jawhariyyeh's experiences that spans over six decades (1904–1968), "...of Jerusalem's turbulent modern history, covering four regimes and five wars." Jawharriyyeh survived extraordinary times, but is described as "not a particularly important individual," and did not rank among Jerusalem's "political or cultural elite." However, the importance of Jawharriyyeh's writings are attributed to the author's status as an ordinary member of society. The author's social status is reflected within the style of his writings, "The ''Memoirs'' are mostly written in the anecdotal style of the street ''hakawati'' (storyteller) that mesmerized Wasif's childhood." The text of ''The Diaries'' is laden with commentary and social critiques on Jerusalem's culture, politics and socio-econonmic. It embodies an unvarnished narrative of, "daily life at a critical juncture in Jerusalem's history."Salim Tamari on the Importance of ''The Diaries of Wasif Jawhariyyeh''
Societal interaction among the people of Jerusalem at the turn of the twentieth-century has been argued by many scholars as defined by,The ethno-confessional division of four communities: Muslim, Christian, Armenian and Jewish. In these quarters, conventional accounts argue, social nodes were more or less exclusive, physically defined and reinforced by mechanisms of mutual aid, craft specialization, ritual celebrations, internal schooling systems and, above all, the rules of confessional endogamy. —Salim Tamari, " Wasif Jawhariyyeh, Popular Music, and Early Modernity in Jerusalem"Tamari, "Wasif Jawhariyyeh, Popular Music and Modernity in Jerusalem" (2006), p. 28.However, the memoirs of emergence of Wasif Jawhariyyeh writings have provided scholars such as Salim Tamari with a primary source capable of refuting such a claim. Through the records of Jawhariyyeh, Tamari argues the "weaknesses in this paradigm," stated above and suggests,
Jerusalem's modernity was a feature of internal dynamics in the Ottoman City and propose that the social structure of the walled city was much more fluid than generally believed; further I suggest that the quarter system signalling the division of the Old City into confessional bounded domains was introduced and imposed retroactively on the city by British colonial regulations." —Salim Tamari, "Wasif Jawhariyyeh, Popular Music and Modernity in Jerusalem".Tamari refers to the city's culture scene as a "hybrid" of various ethnic and sectarian identities,
In the case of pre-war Ottoman Jerusalem... the city fostered a communitarian identity, a pre-nationalist confessional consciousness competing with emergency but vigorous Arab nationalism and localized (Syrian Palestinian) sentiments as well as an embryonic Jewish Zionist movement. —Salim Tamari, "Wasif Jawhariyyeh, Popular Music and Modernity in Jerusalem".Wasif's experience among various ethnic and sectarian groups was largely amicable. He studied Arabic and the Quran, played with Muslims, Turks, Europeans and referred to the Jews as, ''abna’ al-balad’'' (sons of the country), ‘compatriots’, ''‘Yahud awlad Arab,’''(Jews, sons of Arabs)."
References
External links
* "A Musician´s lot"