The warbling antbird is a
complex
Complex commonly refers to:
* Complexity, the behaviour of a system whose components interact in multiple ways so possible interactions are difficult to describe
** Complex system, a system composed of many components which may interact with each ...
consisting of six
species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...
of
antbird
The antbirds are a large passerine bird family, Thamnophilidae, found across subtropical and tropical Central and South America, from Mexico to Argentina. There are more than 230 species, known variously as antshrikes, antwrens, antvireos, fire ...
s that until recently were considered a single species found throughout the
Amazon
Amazon most often refers to:
* Amazons, a tribe of female warriors in Greek mythology
* Amazon rainforest, a rainforest covering most of the Amazon basin
* Amazon River, in South America
* Amazon (company), an American multinational technolog ...
in
South America
South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the sout ...
. Based on vocal differences and to a lesser degree differences in
plumages, it has been recommended treating them as separate species:
*
Guianan warbling antbird
The Guianan warbling antbird (''Hypocnemis cantator'') is an insectivorous bird in the antbird family, Thamnophilidae. It is found at lower levels in humid forest in the Guianas, far eastern Venezuela (with Guyana), and north-eastern Brazil (no ...
(''Hypocnemis cantator'').
*
Imeri warbling antbird
The Imeri warbling antbird (''Hypocnemis flavescens'') is a species of bird in the family Thamnophilidae. It is found at lower levels in humid forest in southern Venezuela, south-eastern Colombia and north-western Brazil (west of the Branco Riv ...
(''Hypocnemis flavescens'').
*
Peruvian warbling antbird (''Hypocnemis peruviana'').
*
Yellow-breasted warbling antbird (''Hypocnemis subflava'').
*
Rondonia warbling antbird (''Hypocnemis ochrogyna'').
*
Spix's warbling antbird
Spix's warbling antbird (''Hypocnemis striata'') is a species of bird in the family Thamnophilidae.
Spix's warbling antbird was described and illustrated by the German naturalist Johann Baptist von Spix in 1825 and given the binomial name ''T ...
(''Hypocnemis striata'').
References
* Isler, Isler, & Whitney. 2007. ''Species limits in antbirds (Thamnophilidae): The Warbling Antbird (Hypocnemis cantator) complex.'' The Auk. 124(1): 11–28.
* Zimmer & Isler. 2003. Hypocnemis cantator (Warbling Antbird). Pp. 645 in del Hoyo, Elliott, & Christie. 2003. ''Handbook of the Birds of the World.'' Vol. 8. Broadbills to Tapaculos. Lynx Edictions. Barcelona.
Split Hypocnemis cantator by elevating H. flavescens, peruviana, subflava, ochrogyna and striata to species rank.South American Classification Committee. Accessed 2008-06-27
Hypocnemis
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN
{{Thamnophilidae-stub