Emperor Taizong of Jin (25 November 1075 – 9 February 1135), personal name Wuqimai,

sinicised Sinicization, sinofication, sinification, or sinonization (from the prefix , 'Chinese, relating to China') is the process by which non-Chinese societies come under the influence of Chinese culture, particularly the language, societal norms, cul ...

name Wanyan Sheng, was the second

emperor An emperor (from la, imperator, via fro, empereor) is a monarch, and usually the sovereignty, sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife (empress consort), ...

of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty of China. His

era name A regnal year is a year of the reign of a sovereign, from the Latin ''regnum'' meaning kingdom, rule. Regnal years considered the date as an ordinal, not a cardinal number. For example, a monarch could have a first year of rule, a second year o ...

was "Tianhui" (天會). During his reign, the Jin dynasty conquered the Khitan-led

Liao dynasty The Liao dynasty (; Khitan: ''Mos Jælud''; ), also known as the Khitan Empire (Khitan: ''Mos diau-d kitai huldʒi gur''), officially the Great Liao (), was an imperial dynasty of China that existed between 916 and 1125, ruled by the Yelü ...

. He then led the Jin in their campaigns against the Song dynasty, captured the Northern Song capital in 1127 and went on to rule most of northern China. After his death, he was posthumously honoured with the

temple name Temple names are posthumous titles accorded to monarchs of the Sinosphere for the purpose of ancestor worship. The practice of honoring monarchs with temple names began during the Shang dynasty in China and had since been adopted by other dynas ...

Taizong by his successor, Emperor Xizong.

Life

Wuqimai was the fourth son of

Helibo Horimbo (1039—1092)Tao (1976), p.17 was a chieftain of the Wanyan tribe, the most dominant among the Jurchen tribes which later founded the Jin dynasty (1115–1234). He was the second son of Ukunai. Like his grandfather, Šilu, Horimbo was a ...

and his primary consort, Lady Nalan (拏懒氏). He was a younger brother of Aguda (Emperor Taizu), the founder and first emperor of the Jin dynasty. He succeeded his brother in 1123. Two years later, the Jin general

Wanyan Loushi The Wanyan (; Manchu: ''Wanggiyan''; Jurchen script: ) clan was among the clans of the Heishui Mohe tribe living in the drainage region of the Heilong River during the time of the Khitan-led Liao dynasty. Of the Heishui Mohe, the clan was cou ...

(完顏婁室) led forces to attack the Khitan-led

and succeeded in capturing Emperor Tianzuo, the last Liao ruler, thereby ending the Liao dynasty's existence. In October 1125, Emperor Taizong waged war against the

Han Chinese The Han Chinese () or Han people (), are an East Asian ethnic group native to China. They constitute the world's largest ethnic group, making up about 18% of the global population and consisting of various subgroups speaking distinctive va ...

-led

Song dynasty The Song dynasty (; ; 960–1279) was an imperial dynasty of China that began in 960 and lasted until 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song following his usurpation of the throne of the Later Zhou. The Song conquered the rest ...

and ordered his fifth brother, Wanyan Gao (完顏杲), to lead the Jin armies to attack Bianjing (present-day

Kaifeng Kaifeng () is a prefecture-level city in east-central Henan province, China. It is one of the Eight Ancient Capitals of China, having been the capital eight times in history, and is best known for having been the Chinese capital during the Nort ...

Henan Province Henan (; or ; ; alternatively Honan) is a landlocked province of China, in the central part of the country. Henan is often referred to as Zhongyuan or Zhongzhou (), which literally means "central plain" or "midland", although the name is al ...

), the Song capital, from two different directions. The Song general Li Gang (李綱) led fierce resistance against the Jin invaders. After some time, the Jin and Song dynasties agreed to a truce. In August 1126, Emperor Taizong ordered

Wanyan Zongwang The Wanyan (; Manchu: ''Wanggiyan''; Jurchen script: ) clan was among the clans of the Heishui Mohe tribe living in the drainage region of the Heilong River during the time of the Khitan-led Liao dynasty. Of the Heishui Mohe, the clan was count ...

(完顏宗望) and

Wanyan Zonghan Nianhan (1080–1136), also known by his sinicised name Wanyan Zonghan, was a Jurchen noble and military general who lived in the founding and early years of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty (1115-1234), which ruled northern China between the 12th ...

to lead Jin forces to attack and besiege Bianjing again. This time, the Jin dynasty not only conquered Bianjing, but also captured Emperors

Huizong Huizong are different temple names used for emperors of China. It may refer to: * Wang Yanjun (died 935, reigned 928–935), emperor of the Min dynasty * Emperor Huizong of Western Xia (1060–1086, reigned 1067–1086), emperor of Western Xia * E ...

and Qinzong of the Song dynasty. This event, historically known as the Jingkang Incident, marked the end of the Northern Song dynasty and beginning of the Southern Song dynasty. In 1128, Emperor Taizong gave ironic titles of nobility to the two captured former Song emperors; Emperor Huizong was called "Duke Hunde" (昏德公; literally "Besotted Duke") while Emperor Qinzong was called "Marquis Chonghun" (重昏侯; literally "Doubly Besotted Marquis"). They were resettled in Wuguocheng (五國城; in present-day Yilan County,

Heilongjiang Province Heilongjiang () formerly romanized as Heilungkiang, is a province in northeast China. The standard one-character abbreviation for the province is (). It was formerly romanized as "Heilungkiang". It is the northernmost and easternmost provinc ...

). During his reign, Emperor Taizong laid and strengthened the Jin dynasty's political system and institutions. In his later years, he designated

Hela HeLa (; also Hela or hela) is an immortalized cell line used in scientific research. It is the oldest and most commonly used human cell line. The line is derived from cervical cancer cells taken on February 8, 1951, named after Henrietta La ...

, a grandson of Aguda, as his successor. He died in Mingde Palace in 1135 and was buried in the He Mausoleum (和陵). His descendants were massacred by Digunai (Prince of Hailing), the fourth ruler of the Jin dynasty, as a political move to eliminate possible contenders to the throne. His remains were relocated to Dafangshan (大房山), which became known as the Gong Mausoleum (恭陵).

Family

Parents * Father:

* Mother: Empress Yijian of the Nalan clan (翼簡皇后拏懒氏) Wives * Empress Qinren of the Tangkuo clan (欽仁皇后唐括氏) ** Puluhu (蒲魯虎), sinicised name Wanyan Zongpan (完顏宗磐), the Prince of Song (宋王), first son *Unknown: ** Hulu (胡魯), sinicised name Wanyan Zonggu (完顏宗固), the Prince of Bin (豳王) ** Hulubu (斛魯補), sinicised name Wanyan Zongya (完顏宗雅), the Prince of Dai (代王) ** Aludai (阿魯帶), sinicised name Wanyan Zongshun (完顏宗順), the Prince of Xu (徐王) ** Alubu (阿魯補), sinicised name Wanyan Zongwei (完顏宗偉), the Prince of Yu (虞王) ** Hushahu (斛沙虎), sinicised name Wanyan Zongying (完顏宗英), the Prince of Teng (滕王) ** Alin (阿鄰), sinicised name Wanyan Zongyi (完顏宗懿), the Prince of Xue (薛王) ** Alu (阿魯), sinicised name Wanyan Zongben (完顏宗本), the Prince of Yuan (原王) ** Gulan (鶻懶), the Prince of Yi (翼王) ** Hulijia (胡里甲), sinicised name Wanyan Zongmei (完顏宗美), the Prince of Feng (豐王) ** Shentumen (神土門), the Prince of Yun (鄆王) ** Huboshu (斛孛束), the Prince of Huo (霍王) ** Wolie (斡烈), the Prince of Cai (蔡王) ** Gusha (鶻沙), sinicised name Wanyan Zongzhe (完顏宗哲), the Prince of Bi (畢王) , - {{DEFAULTSORT:Taizong Of Jin 1075 births 1135 deaths Jin dynasty (1115–1234) emperors 12th-century Chinese monarchs