Wandlebury Ring

Wandlebury Hill Fort, also known as the Wandlebury Ring, is an Iron Age hillfort located on Wandlebury Hill in the Gog Magog Hills, Cambridgeshire, England, to the southeast of Cambridge. Now a country park, it was the most important of three hillforts in the downs.

Geography

Of the three hillforts Cherry Hinton being one of them, Wandlebury was the most important. The site altitude is above sea level. There are at least two theories regarding why the Wandlebury Hill Fort was built on this site: it may have been chosen because of its tactical grounds, or because it would be the last fortress in a line which controlled the Thames-Stort-Cam Valley route. Wandlebury overlooked the ancient Icknield Way. The meeting point of the hundreds of Thriplow, Chilford, and Flendish is adjacent to Wandlebury.

History

The first hillfort was constructed in about 400 BC, consisting of "a substantial outer ditch and an inner rampart bank of chalk rubble and soil, enclosing a circular area of about 6 ha." A second ditch and bank circuit was added on the inner side of the first rampart in the 1st century BC, and a low counterscarp bank added around the perimeter. The inner ring had a wooden palisading to deter invaders.

Wandlebury was a border settlement. There is evidence that it was occupied by the Romans. The Romans built a road from Worts Causeway to Wandlebury. Two pottery sequences have been found establishing two separate construction phases. It may have been inhabited into the 1st century AD. It was later named Wendlesbiri (meaning, "Waendal's fort") by the Anglo Saxons and used as a Hundred council rendezvous point. Sir Thomas Malory mentions a Wandesborow Castle in ''Le Morte d'Arthur'' (1470), possibly referring to the Wandlebury Ring. The site has undergone considerable change since the 17th century. When a house, garden and racing stable was built for King James II within the boundaries of the old fort in 1685, the inner rampart and ditch were levelled. The mansion was later owned by Lord Godolphin and demolished in 1956, but the stable remains. The site is now a country park.

Legend and literature

The fort and surrounding hills are shrouded in legends. Gervase of Tilbury said in his '' Otia Imperialia'' of 1214:

A knight named Osbert once tested the story and legend has it that he appeared in full armour and defeated the knight who appeared to him but was wounded in the thigh by his opponents' javelin on departing. This is mentioned in Sir Walter Scott's 1808 poem '' Marmion'' featuring King Alexander III jousting with a goblin knight. Another poet wrote a poem named ''Wandlebury Ring'', a "nostalgic memory of a happy day in childhood spent at Wandlebury Ring with his family" and in memory of his father.

Gallery

File:Wandlebury Hill Fort Fortification.jpg, Fortification
File:Tadlow Granary.jpg, 15th-century Tadlow Granary now housed in the hill fort
File:Wandlebury Stable.jpg, The stable
File:Entrance to Wandlebury Stable.jpg, Entrance to the stable
File:Wandlebury Hill Plaque.jpg, Plaque on Wandlebury Stable
File:Roman Road by Wandlebury.jpg, Roman road passing near to the hillfort

References

{{Iron Age hillforts in England

Hill forts in Cambridgeshire
Country parks in Cambridgeshire