![Krahelska1905](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Krahelska1905.jpg)
Wanda Krahelska-Filipowicz (15 December 1886–1968), code name “Alinka”” or “Alicja”, was a leading figure in Warsaw’s underground resistance movement throughout the years of
German occupation
German-occupied Europe refers to the sovereign countries of Europe which were wholly or partly occupied and civil-occupied (including puppet governments) by the military forces and the government of Nazi Germany at various times between 1939 an ...
during
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
in Poland, co-founder of
Żegota
Żegota (, full codename: the "Konrad Żegota Committee"Yad Vashem Shoa Resource CenterZegota/ref>) was the Polish Council to Aid Jews with the Government Delegation for Poland ( pl, Rada Pomocy Żydom przy Delegaturze Rządu RP na Kraj), an un ...
. As the well-connected wife of a former ambassador to Washington, she used her contacts with both the military and political leadership of the
Polish Underground
The Polish Underground State ( pl, Polskie Państwo Podziemne, also known as the Polish Secret State) was a single political and military entity formed by the union of resistance organizations in occupied Poland that were loyal to the Gover ...
to materially influence the underground's policy of aiding
Poland's Jewish population during the war.
Early on, Krahelska-Filipowicz used her influence to persuade
the Government in Exile, including members of the
Delegatura and its military counterpart, the
AK, of the importance of setting up a central organization to help Poland's Jews, and to back the policy with significant funding.
Krahelska-Filipowicz also personally sheltered
Jews
Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...
in her own home early during the
German occupation
German-occupied Europe refers to the sovereign countries of Europe which were wholly or partly occupied and civil-occupied (including puppet governments) by the military forces and the government of Nazi Germany at various times between 1939 an ...
, regardless of the punishment announced by the Nazi German occupants of Poland for any Pole doing this, which was death. Among the refugees was the widow of the Jewish historian
Szymon Aszkenazy.
A Catholic Socialist activist and a devout Democrat, she was the editor of the Polish art magazine "Arkady".
In the pre-World War I
partitioned Poland, on 18 August 1906, at the age of twenty she took part in an assassination attempt on the Russian
governor-general of Warsaw The Namiestnik (or Viceroy) of the Kingdom of Poland ( pl, namiestnik Królestwa Polskiego, russian: наместник Царства Польского) was the deputy of the Emperor of Russia who, under Congress Poland (1815–1874), styled him ...
,
Georgi Skalon
Georg Karl de Scallon ( pl, Gieorgij Skałon, russian: Гео́ргий Анто́нович Скало́н, tr. ; 24 October
1847 – 1 February 1914) was a Russian general of Huguenot origin, Governor-general of Warsaw and the commander-in-chie ...
.
She threw three 'dynamite bombs' on the governor's coach; two did explode and slightly injured three persons in governor's entourage. Afterwards, she fled to
Cracow in
Austrian part of Poland, entered into fictional marriage with painter Adam Dobrodzicki and became citizen of Austria-Hungary. Austria refused to extradite her to Russia and instead arranged a trial in
Wadowice
Wadowice (; ger, Frauenstadt – Wadowitz) is a town in southern Poland, southwest of Kraków with 19,200 inhabitants (2006), situated on the Skawa river, confluence of Vistula, in the eastern part of Silesian Foothills (Pogórze Śląskie). Wa ...
, starting on 16 February 1908. Wanda Dobrodzicka had confessed but was acquitted.
See also
*
Holocaust in Poland
The Holocaust in Poland was part of the European-wide Holocaust organized by Nazi Germany and took place in German-occupied Poland. During the genocide, three million Polish Jews were murdered, half of all Jews murdered during the Holocaust.
...
*
List of Poles
This is a partial list of notable Polish or Polish-speaking or -writing people. People of partial Polish heritage have their respective ancestries credited.
Science
Physics
* Czesław Białobrzeski
* Andrzej Buras
* Georges Charpak ...
*
Żegota
Żegota (, full codename: the "Konrad Żegota Committee"Yad Vashem Shoa Resource CenterZegota/ref>) was the Polish Council to Aid Jews with the Government Delegation for Poland ( pl, Rada Pomocy Żydom przy Delegaturze Rządu RP na Kraj), an un ...
*
Zofia Kossak-Szczucka
Zofia Kossak-Szczucka ( (also Kossak-Szatkowska); 10 August 1889 – 9 April 1968) was a Polish writer and World War II resistance fighter. She co-founded two wartime Polish organizations: Front for the Rebirth of Poland and Żegota, set up t ...
References
External links
Krahelska-Filipowicz at Warsaw Uprising 1944Krahelska-Filipowicz at Axis History Forum
{{DEFAULTSORT:Krahelska-Filipowicz, Wanda
1886 births
1968 deaths
People from Lyakhavichy District
People from Slutsky Uyezd
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to Austria-Hungary
Polish Austro-Hungarians
Polish Socialist Party politicians
Alliance of Democrats (Poland) politicians
Poland in World War II
Combat Organization of the Polish Socialist Party members
Polish resistance members of World War II
Female resistance members of World War II
Recipients of the Cross of Independence with Swords
Polish female soldiers
Polish assassins
Żegota members
20th-century Polish criminals
Polish women in World War II resistance