Edwin Wallace Neff (January 28, 1895 – June 8, 1982) was an
architect
An architect is a person who plans, designs and oversees the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to provide services in connection with the design of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the buildings that h ...
based in
Southern California
Southern California (commonly shortened to SoCal) is a geographic and Cultural area, cultural region that generally comprises the southern portion of the U.S. state of California. It includes the Los Angeles metropolitan area, the second most po ...
and was largely responsible for developing the region's distinct architectural style referred to as "California" style. Neff was a student of architect
Ralph Adams Cram and drew heavily from the architectural styles of both
Spain
, image_flag = Bandera de España.svg
, image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg
, national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond")
, national_anthem = (English: "Royal March")
, i ...
and the
Mediterranean
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the e ...
as a whole, gaining extensive recognition from the number of celebrity commissions, notably
Pickfair
Pickfair is a mansion and estate in the city of Beverly Hills, California with legendary history. The original Pickfair was an 18 acre (7.3 ha) estate designed by architect Horatio Cogswell for attorney Lee Allen Phillips of Berkeley Square a ...
, the mansion belonging originally to
Mary Pickford
Gladys Marie Smith (April 8, 1892 – May 29, 1979), known professionally as Mary Pickford, was a Canadian-American stage and screen actress and producer with a career that spanned five decades. A pioneer in the US film industry, she co-founde ...
and
Douglas Fairbanks
Douglas Elton Fairbanks Sr. (born Douglas Elton Thomas Ullman; May 23, 1883 – December 12, 1939) was an American actor, screenwriter, director, and producer. He was best known for his swashbuckling roles in silent films including '' The Thie ...
.
Early years
Edwin Wallace Neff was born January 28, 1895, to Edwin Neff and Nannie McNally, daughter of
Chicago
(''City in a Garden''); I Will
, image_map =
, map_caption = Interactive Map of Chicago
, coordinates =
, coordinates_footnotes =
, subdivision_type = Country
, subdivision_name ...
printing tycoon
Andrew McNally
Andrew McNally (1836–1904) was an American publisher and co-founder of the company Rand McNally.
Early life
On March 4, 1836, McNally was born in Armagh, Ireland.
Career
A printer by trade, he moved to Chicago in 1858 and got a job in a ...
(
Rand-McNally Corporation). Since Andrew McNally had moved to
Altadena, California
Altadena () ("Alta", Spanish for "Upper", and "dena" from Pasadena) is an unincorporated area and census-designated place in the Verdugo Mountains region of Los Angeles County, California, approximately 14 miles (23 km) from the downtown ...
, in 1887 and founded Rancho La Mirada.
La Mirada, California
La Mirada ( Spanish for "The Look") is a city in southeast Los Angeles County, California United States, and is one of the Gateway Cities. The population was 48,527 at the 2010 census, up from 46,783 at the 2000 census. The La Mirada Theatre f ...
, was Neff's birthplace. However, he spent a great deal of time at the Altadena residence, a grand
Queen Anne Victorian mansion which looked from the hillside community down to the Pacific Ocean. It would become little wonder that the young Neff would take up an interest in architecture given his surroundings on Millionaire's Row (Mariposa Avenue). At age nine Wallace had moved to Europe with his family only to return to the U.S. at the outbreak of
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
.
Developing career
His interest in architecture saw him studying under the revered Ralph Adams Cram in
. He eventually returned to California and took up residence in Altadena while serving as a shipyard draftsman in
Wilmington. Eventually he found himself ready for the architectural realm creating designs of the Spanish Medieval period including his own home parish of St. Elizabeth of Hungary Roman Catholic Church, established 1918 in Altadena. His gift to the parish as well as the community was the design of the church building finished and dedicated in 1926.
The church is of Spanish Medieval design including a bell tower which is patterned after a Spanish watchtower. The view from its broad portals at 100 feet gave an enormous panorama not only of the Southern California countryside, now blocked by the since-built steeple of Westminster Presbyterian Church to its south, but an expansive view of the
San Gabriel Mountains
The San Gabriel Mountains ( es, Sierra de San Gabriel) are a mountain range located in northern Los Angeles County, California, Los Angeles County and western San Bernardino County, California, United States. The mountain range is part of the Tr ...
to its north, which boast peaks up to 7,000 feet in altitude. The building is reminiscent of the Serra Missions with its arched south porch and terra cotta tiles. It has high stucco-on-concrete walls with small, high, stained glass windows. Below each window is a taller stained glass window with biblical depictions leaded into each one.
It boasts a Spanish tile roof and a massive plank wood arched front double door. The interior is vaulted to heights in excess of 50 feet. Across its ceiling are three broad rough-hewn trusses acting to support the gabled ceiling. In actuality, the building's superstructure is built of iron girders. Other details on the exterior are broad wing sweeping walls and exaggerated window sills with wooded bars. These features become an important part of his developing style. The Saint Elizabeth church building is the only house of worship ever designed by Neff, and has the distinction of being the oldest building in use for Catholic worship in the Greater Los Angeles area.
To the parish plant Neff added the priests' rectory, the convent for the Holy Name Sisters who taught at the school, and a pet project, a shrine to
Saint Theresa of Avila (1929) which features the true style of his architecture. This makes Saint Elizabeth Parish a rare collection of Wallace Neff works.
California Style
Architectural historian Eleanor Schrader wrote "Neff’s European training and keen eye for historical styles gave him the ability to combine Spanish, Tuscan, Mediterranean, Islamic, and other design elements that melded seamlessly into something he called ‘The California Style.’” As Neff's style became more popular and demanded by the elite, the rich, and the famous, he moved to the exclusive Pasadena suburb of San Marino.
To his client list he added the Singer Mansion, Gillette Mansion, the Gates Residence, Libby Ranch, and the Pickfair Estate. Other fine mansions line the streets of Chapman Woods, Hancock Park, San Marino, Glendora, Beverly Hills, San Pascual Avenue, California Street and others in lower East Pasadena.
Neff's Angelo Drive house for the film director
Fred Niblo
Fred Niblo (born Frederick Liedtke; January 6, 1874 – November 11, 1948) was an American pioneer film actor, director and producer.
Biography
He was born Frederick Liedtke (several sources give "Frederico Nobile", apparently erroneously) in Yo ...
,
Misty Mountain
Misty Mountain at 1330 Angelo Drive (also known as the Stein House) is a large detached house in Beverly Glen, Los Angeles (not to be confused with the nearby city of Beverly Hills) standing in 6.5 acres of grounds with landscaped gardens and a ...
, features a distinctive circular driveway and has been virtually unchanged since its construction. It has since been owned by
Jules Stein
Jules C. Stein (April 26, 1896 – April 29, 1981) was an American physician and businessman who co-founded Music Corporation of America (MCA).
Early life and education
Stein was born in South Bend, Indiana, to Lithuanian Jewish immigrants, one ...
and latterly
Rupert Murdoch
Keith Rupert Murdoch ( ; born 11 March 1931) is an Australian-born American business magnate. Through his company News Corp, he is the owner of hundreds of local, national, and international publishing outlets around the world, including ...
.
In 1946 Neff designed the "airform" or "bubble" house, a distinctive form of inexpensive housing, a dome-shaped construction made of reinforced
concrete
Concrete is a composite material composed of fine and coarse aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement (cement paste) that hardens (cures) over time. Concrete is the second-most-used substance in the world after water, and is the most wi ...
that was cast in position over an inflatable balloon. (The balloon is the "airform", a
portmanteau
A portmanteau word, or portmanteau (, ) is a blend of words[formwork
Formwork is Molding (process), molds into which concrete or similar materials are either precast concrete, precast or cast-in-place concrete, cast-in-place. In the context of concrete construction, the falsework supports the shuttering mold ...](_blank)
".) Though the design did not gain support in the United States, it was used for large housing projects in
Egypt
Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediter ...
,
Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...
, and
West Africa
West Africa or Western Africa is the westernmost region of Africa. The United Nations defines Western Africa as the 16 countries of Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Maurit ...
during the 1940s and 1950s. The Straus House was designed in 1970 by Neff at the end of his career for
Macy’s
Macy's (originally R. H. Macy & Co.) is an American chain of high-end department stores founded in 1858 by Rowland Hussey Macy. It became a division of the Cincinnati-based Federated Department Stores in 1994, through which it is affiliated wi ...
department store heir Robert K. Straus as a weekend retreat. The site is on a bluff overlooking the
Santa Barbara Channel
The Santa Barbara Channel is a portion of the Southern California Bight and separates the mainland of California from the northern Channel Islands. It is generally south of the city of Santa Barbara, and west of the Oxnard Plain in Ventura Count ...
in the
Hope Ranch
Hope Ranch is an unincorporated coastal suburb of Santa Barbara, California, located in Santa Barbara County. It is bounded on the east by Santa Barbara, on the north and west by the unincorporated area of Noleta, and on the south by the Pacifi ...
community, just north of the
city of Santa Barbara.
Neff's 1934
Fredric March House
The Fredric March House is a house designed by Wallace Neff for the actors Fredric March and Florence Eldridge. It is situated at 1026 Ridgedale Road, in Bel Air, Los Angeles.
It was built by Neff for the actors Fredric March and Florence Eldridg ...
was built for the actor
Fredric March
Fredric March (born Ernest Frederick McIntyre Bickel; August 31, 1897 – April 14, 1975) was an American actor, regarded as one of Hollywood's most celebrated, versatile stars of the 1930s and 1940s.Obituary ''Variety'', April 16, 1975, p ...
and subsequently owned by
Wallis Annenberg
Wallis Huberta Annenberg (born July 15, 1939) is an American philanthropist and heiress. Annenberg serves as president and chairwoman of the Board of The Annenberg Foundation, a multibillion-dollar philanthropic organization in the United States ...
. It was owned and sold by
Brad Pitt
William Bradley Pitt (born December 18, 1963) is an American actor and film producer. He is the recipient of various accolades, including two Academy Awards, a British Academy Film Award, two Golden Globe Awards, and a Primetime Emmy Award. ...
and
Jennifer Aniston
Jennifer Joanna Aniston (born February 11, 1969) is an American actress and film producer. She is the recipient of various accolades, including a Primetime Emmy Award, a Golden Globe Award and two Screen Actors Guild Awards. Since her career ...
in 2009. In 1998, actress
Diane Keaton
Diane Keaton ('' née'' Hall, born January 5, 1946) is an American actress and director. She has received various accolades throughout her career spanning over six decades, including an Academy Award, a British Academy Film Award, two Golden Gl ...
, an avid fan of Neff's work, purchased a low-slung Neff house in
Beverly Hills
Beverly Hills is a city located in Los Angeles County, California. A notable and historic suburb of Greater Los Angeles, it is in a wealthy area immediately southwest of the Hollywood Hills, approximately northwest of downtown Los Angeles. Bev ...
– featured in ''
Architectural Digest
''Architectural Digest'' is an American monthly magazine founded in 1920. Its principal subjects are interior design and landscaping, rather than pure external architecture. The magazine is published by Condé Nast, which also publishes internati ...
'', July 1999 – with the front lawn covered in lavender, for $7.5 million. This home was later purchased by
Madonna
Madonna Louise Ciccone (; ; born August 16, 1958) is an American singer-songwriter and actress. Widely dubbed the " Queen of Pop", Madonna has been noted for her continual reinvention and versatility in music production, songwriting, a ...
and
Guy Ritchie
Guy Stuart Ritchie (born 10 September 1968) is an English film director, producer and screenwriter. His work includes British gangster films, and the ''Sherlock Holmes'' films starring Robert Downey Jr.
Ritchie left school at age 15 and wor ...
, and was still in their possession . In 1990,
Bob Newhart
George Robert Newhart (born September 5, 1929) is an American actor and comedian. He is known for his deadpan and slightly stammering delivery style. Newhart came to prominence in 1960 when his album of comedic monologues, ''The Button-Down Mi ...
purchased a Neff house in Bel Air for $4.2 million, subsequently selling it to Robert Quigg (developer) in 2016 for $14.5 million.
Everett Phipps Babcock
Everett Phipps Babcock (1874–1928) was an architect who worked in the U.S. states of Washington and California.
Babcock worked with Ambrose J. Russell (1857–1938) in Tacoma, Washington on "distinguished residences in various styles".Lawren ...
and
Georgious Y. Cannon worked in Neff's office.
Partial list of works
*1925 – Remodelling of
Pickfair
Pickfair is a mansion and estate in the city of Beverly Hills, California with legendary history. The original Pickfair was an 18 acre (7.3 ha) estate designed by architect Horatio Cogswell for attorney Lee Allen Phillips of Berkeley Square a ...
at 1143 Summit Drive, Beverly Hills
*1925 –
Falcon Lair
Falcon Lair is an estate above Benedict Canyon in Bel Air, Los Angeles. The estate was built in 1925 by Rudolph Valentino, who named it ''Falcon Lair'' after his unproduced film, ''The Hooded Falcon''. It is better known as a residence of heir ...
at 1436 Bella Drive, Benedict Canyon
*1926 –
Misty Mountain
Misty Mountain at 1330 Angelo Drive (also known as the Stein House) is a large detached house in Beverly Glen, Los Angeles (not to be confused with the nearby city of Beverly Hills) standing in 6.5 acres of grounds with landscaped gardens and a ...
at 1330 Angelo Drive, Beverly Glen
*1926 – W. N. Caldwell Residence, 805 North Linden Drive, Beverly Hills
*1928 –
Villa del Sol d'Oro at 200 North Michillinda Avenue, Sierra Madre
*1934 –
Fredric March House
The Fredric March House is a house designed by Wallace Neff for the actors Fredric March and Florence Eldridge. It is situated at 1026 Ridgedale Road, in Bel Air, Los Angeles.
It was built by Neff for the actors Fredric March and Florence Eldridg ...
at 1026 Ridgedale Road, Bel Air, Los Angeles.
*1934 – Singer Mansion at 820 North Verano Drive,
Glendora, California
Glendora is a city in the San Gabriel Valley in Los Angeles County, California, east of Los Angeles. As of the 2020 census, the population of Glendora was 52,558.
Known as the "Pride of the Foothills", Glendora is nestled in the foothills o ...
,
Los Angeles County
Los Angeles County, officially the County of Los Angeles, and sometimes abbreviated as L.A. County, is the most populous county in the United States and in the U.S. state of California, with 9,861,224 residents estimated as of 2022. It is the ...
, California .
[https://singermansion.webs.com]
*1938 –
Sol Wurtzel House, 10539 Bellagio Road, Bel Air
*1939 –
Haldeman House
The Haldeman House at 10000 Sunset Boulevard is a house designed by Wallace Neff for Henry F. Haldeman and his wife. It is situated on Sunset Boulevard in Holmby Hills, Los Angeles. Hadleman was the owner of a Chrysler car dealership in Los Angeles ...
at 10000 Sunset Boulevard, Holmby Hills
*1944 –
Bubble Houses
Bubble, Bubbles or The Bubble may refer to:
Common uses
* Bubble (physics), a globule of one substance in another, usually gas in a liquid
** Soap bubble
* Economic bubble, a situation where asset prices are much higher than underlying fundame ...
, Litchfield Park, Arizona
*1951 – Remodelling of the
Precious Blood Catholic Church, and addition of parish hall, 435 South Occidental Boulevard, Los Angeles
*1963 – Fletcher Residence, 11100 Chalon Road, Los Angeles
*1970 – Singleton Estate, 384 Delfern Drive, Los Angeles
References
Further reading
*
*
*
*
External links
1926 Wallace Neff Renovation Photos James V. Coane & Associates Architects
The Movieland Directory: Wallace Neff Movieland Tour*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Neff, Wallace
1895 births
1982 deaths
Altadena, California
Architects from Los Angeles
Architects from Pasadena, California
Gothic Revival architects
Mediterranean Revival architects
Spanish Colonial Revival architects