''Vorwärts!'' (, ''Forward!'') was a biweekly newspaper published in Paris from January to December 1844.
The journal was seen as "the most radical" in contemporary Europe. The newspaper circulation was about a thousand copies. It had a subtitle ''Pariser Signale aus Kunst, Wissenschaft, Theater, Musik, Literatur und geselligem Leben'' (Paris signals from the arts, science, theater, music, literature and social life). From 3 July 1844 the title changed to ''Vorwärts. Pariser Deutsche Zeitschrift'' (Forward. Paris German journal).
The journal was sponsored by the composer Giacomo Meyerbeer and edited by Karl Ludwig Bernays.[ The publisher of the journal was Heinrich Börnstein (Henry Boernstein).][ It was the only uncensored radical paper in the German language published in contemporary Europe.][ The journal published many polemicists, such as Heinrich Heine, ]Georg Herwegh
Georg Friedrich Rudolph Theodor Herwegh (31 May 1817 – 7 April 1875) was a German poet,Herwegh, Georg, The Columbia Encyclopedia (2008) who is considered part of the Young Germany movement.
Biography
He was born in Stuttgart on 31 May 1817, ...
, Mikhail Bakunin
Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin (; 1814–1876) was a Russian revolutionary anarchist, socialist and founder of collectivist anarchism. He is considered among the most influential figures of anarchism and a major founder of the revolutionary s ...
and Arnold Ruge
Arnold Ruge (13 September 1802 – 31 December 1880) was a German philosopher and political writer. He was the older brother of Ludwig Ruge.
Studies in university and prison
Born in Bergen auf Rügen, he studied in Halle, Jena and Heidelberg. ...
, many of them German political emigres to France,.[ Collaborators also included ]Friedrich Engels
Friedrich Engels ( ,["Engels"](_blank)
'' Georg Weerth
Georg Ludwig Weerth (17 February 1822 – 30 July 1856) was a German writer and poet. Weerth's poems celebrated the solidarity of the working class in its fight for liberation from exploitation and oppression. He was a friend and companio ...
and Georg Weber. One of those who wrote for it was Karl Marx
Karl Heinrich Marx (; 5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist, critic of political economy, and socialist revolutionary. His best-known titles are the 1848 ...
; he would have an increasingly important role in editing the journal, particularly from the summer of 1844. Marx and many others joined Vorwärts! after the closure of '' Deutsch-Französische Jahrbücher''. Many of the activists associated with the paper were also related to the German revolutionary socialist group known as the Communist League.
One of Heine's well-known works, "The Silesian Weavers
"The Silesian Weavers" (also: Weaver-song) is a poem by Heinrich Heine written in 1844. It is exemplary of the political poetry of the Vormärz movement. It is about the misery of the Silesian weavers, who in 1844 ventured an uprising against ex ...
", premiered in ''Vorwärts!''.[
The newspaper was critical of the situation in ]Prussia
Prussia, , Old Prussian: ''Prūsa'' or ''Prūsija'' was a German state on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. It formed the German Empire under Prussian rule when it united the German states in 1871. It was ''de facto'' dissolved by an ...
and was closed in January 1845 after the Prussian king, Friedrich Wilhelm IV
Frederick William IV (german: Friedrich Wilhelm IV.; 15 October 17952 January 1861), the eldest son and successor of Frederick William III of Prussia, reigned as King of Prussia from 7 June 1840 to his death on 2 January 1861. Also referred to ...
, protested at the "outrageous insults and libels" published in the newspaper to the French king, Louis Philippe
Louis Philippe (6 October 1773 – 26 August 1850) was King of the French from 1830 to 1848, and the penultimate monarch of France.
As Louis Philippe, Duke of Chartres, he distinguished himself commanding troops during the Revolutionary War ...
. Marx was expelled from France as part of the resulting commotion, Bernays was imprisoned for two months, and Boernstein made a deal with the authorities.
References
;Footnotes
External links
Articles by Marx and Engels in ''Vorwärts!''
{{DEFAULTSORT:Vorwarts!
1844 establishments in France
1844 disestablishments in France
Defunct newspapers published in France
German-language newspapers published in Europe
Newspapers published in Paris
Publications established in 1844
Publications disestablished in 1844
Socialist newspapers
Biweekly newspapers
Daily newspapers published in France