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Villa rustica () was the term used by the ancient Romans to denote a farmhouse or villa set in the countryside and with an agricultural section, which applies to the vast majority of
Roman villas A Roman villa was typically a farmhouse or country house built in the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, sometimes reaching extravagant proportions. Typology and distribution Pliny the Elder (23–79 AD) distinguished two kinds of villas n ...
. In some cases they were at the centre of a large agricultural estate, sometimes called a ''
latifundium A ''latifundium'' (Latin: ''latus'', "spacious" and ''fundus'', "farm, estate") is a very extensive parcel of privately owned land. The latifundia of Roman history were great landed estates specializing in agriculture destined for export: grain, o ...
''. The adjective ''rustica'' was used only to distinguish it from a much rarer sub-urban resort
villa A villa is a type of house that was originally an ancient Roman upper class country house. Since its origins in the Roman villa, the idea and function of a villa have evolved considerably. After the fall of the Roman Republic, villas became sm ...
, or ''
otium ''Otium'', a Latin abstract term, has a variety of meanings, including leisure time in which a person can enjoy eating, playing, relaxing, contemplation and academic endeavors. It sometimes, but not always, relates to a time in a person's ret ...
villa'' built for purely leisure and luxury, and typically located in the
Bay of Naples A bay is a recessed, coastal body of water that directly connects to a larger main body of water, such as an ocean, a lake, or another bay. A large bay is usually called a gulf, sea, sound, or bight. A cove is a small, circular bay with a na ...
. The ''villa rustica'' would thus serve both as a residence of the landowner and his family (and servants) and also as a farm management centre. It would often comprise separate buildings to accommodate farm labourers and sheds and barns for animals and crops. The villa rustica's design differed, but usually it consisted of two parts; the ''pars urbana'' (main house), and the ''pars rustica'' (farm area).


List of villae rusticae


Austria

* ,
Altheim, Austria Altheim is a town in western Austria. It is situated within the District of Braunau am Inn in the traditional region of Innviertel in the state of Upper Austria. It lies on the small river known as the Mühlheimer Ache, a tributary of the River ...


Bosnia-Herzegovina

* Mogorjelo


Bulgaria

* Villa Armira,
Ivaylovgrad Ivaylovgrad ( bg, Ивайловград, "city of Ivaylo") is a town in Haskovo Province in the south of Bulgaria set near the river Arda in the easternmost part of the Rhodope Mountains, and is the administrative centre of the homonymous Ivay ...


Italy

*
Villa Boscoreale Villa Boscoreale is a name given to any of several Roman villas discovered in the district of Boscoreale, Italy. They were all buried and preserved by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD, along with Pompeii and Herculaneum. The only one visi ...
*
Villa dei Volusii The ancient Roman Villa dei Volusii or Villa dei Volusii-Saturnini is an archaeological site located in the municipality of Fiano Romano, next to the ancient Roman town and sanctuary of Lucus Feroniae, along the route of ancient Via Tiberina. ...
,
Fiano Romano Fiano Romano is a town and ''comune'' (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Rome, Italy, approximately north of that city. Fiano Romano borders the following municipalities: Capena, Civitella San Paolo, Montelibretti, Montopoli di Sabina ...


Portugal

* * Castelo da Lousa * *
Roman Villa of Rabaçal Roman or Romans most often refers to: * Rome, the capital city of Italy * Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD * Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *''Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a let ...
* Roman ruins of Quinta da Abicada * Centum Cellas * Villa of Torre de Palma * Villa of Cerro da Vila *
Roman ruins of Pisões The Roman Ruins of Pisões ( pt, Ruinas Romanas de Pisões), is an important Roman villa rustica located in the civil parish of Beja (Santiago Maior e São João Baptista) in the municipality of Beja, in the Portuguese Alentejo, classified as a ...
*
Roman ruins of São Cucufate The Roman ruins of São Cucufate (or alternately, the ''Roman ruins of the Villa of São Cucufate'', ''Ruins of Santiago'', ''Archaeological ruins of São Cucufate'' or ''Roman villa of São Áulica'') is a Romanesque archaeological site, located o ...
* Roman Ruins of Milreu (Estoi) * Roman Villa of Sendim


Turkey

*
Gökkale Gökkale is an ancient villa rustica in Silifke district of Mersin Province, Turkey Geography Gökkale at is situated to the northwest of the İmamlı village. Imamlı can be reached via a 15 km (9.3 mi) road from Atakent which is on T ...
*
Üçayaklı ruins The Üçayaklı ruins are a Byzantine-era archaeological site in Mersin Province, Turkey. Geography Üçayaklı ruins are on the plateau at the south of Toros Mountains with an altitude of between two Turkmen villages named Küstülü ...


United Kingdom

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Bignor Roman Villa Bignor Roman Villa is a large Roman courtyard villa which has been excavated and put on public display on the Bignor estate in the English county of West Sussex. It is well known for its high quality mosaic floors, which are some of the most ...
* Borough Hill Roman villa *
Brading Roman Villa Brading Roman Villa was a Roman courtyard villa which has been excavated and put on public display in Brading on the Isle of Wight. Discovery and excavation In 1879, a farmer called Mr Munns struck a buried mosaic floor while making holes on ...
*
Chedworth Roman Villa Chedworth Roman Villa is located near Chedworth, Gloucestershire, England and is a scheduled monument. It is one of the largest and most elaborate Roman villas so far discovered in Britain and one with the latest occupation beyond the Roman ...
* Crofton Roman Villa *
Fishbourne Roman Palace Fishbourne Roman Palace (or Fishbourne Villa) is located in the village of Fishbourne, Chichester in West Sussex. The palace is the largest Roman residence north of the Alps. and has an unusually early date of 75 CE, around thirty years aft ...
* Gadebridge Park Roman Villa *
Littlecote Roman Villa Littlecote Roman Villa is an extensive and exceptional Roman villa, with associated religious complex, at Littlecote Park in Ramsbury, Wiltshire. It has been excavated and is on display to the public in the grounds of the estate. It was ...
*
Llantwit Major Roman Villa The Llantwit Major Roman Villa was a Roman L-shaped courtyard villa located at what is now Caermead, immediately north of the town of Llantwit Major in the Welsh county of South Glamorgan. The villa was first discovered in 1887 and was fully ex ...
* Low Ham Roman Villa *
Lullingstone Roman Villa Lullingstone Roman Villa is a villa built during the Roman occupation of Britain, situated in Lullingstone near the village of Eynsford in Kent, south-eastern England. The villa is located in the Darent Valley, along with six others, includin ...
* Newport Roman Villa * North Leigh Roman Villa * Piddington Roman Villa *
Woodchester Roman Villa Woodchester Roman Villa was situated at Woodchester near Stroud in the English county of Gloucestershire. It is one of many Roman villas discovered in Gloucestershire and was occupied between the early 2nd and late 4th centuries AD. There is now ...


France

* Villa Rustica, Coustaty * * *
Montmaurin Montmaurin () is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department of southwestern France. Montmaurin has one of the largest and most luxurious Gallo-Roman villas in France. It consisted of over 200 rooms, laid out around a string of three courtyards, ...
* *


Germany

Baden-Württemberg * Villa Rustica,
Baden-Baden Baden-Baden () is a spa town in the state of Baden-Württemberg, south-western Germany, at the north-western border of the Black Forest mountain range on the small river Oos, ten kilometres (six miles) east of the Rhine, the border with France ...
-Haueneberstein, Roman settlement at Wohlfahrtsberg * Villa Rustica at Bondorf, Böblingen * , Konstanz * , Lörrach * Villa Rustica at Eigeltingen * Villa Rustica at
Gaggenau Gaggenau is a town in the district of Rastatt, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located some 8 km northeast of Baden-Baden. History Gaggenau was first mentioned in local records in 1243 under the name "Gaggenaw". The present distri ...
-Bad Rotenfels / Oberweier * Villa urbana at
Grenzach-Wyhlen Grenzach-Wyhlen is a municipality in the district of Lörrach in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated on the right bank of the Rhine, 7 km east of Basel, and 8 km south of Lörrach. It has borders to Inzlingen and Rheinfelde ...
( Museum Römervilla) * , Zollernalbkreis * Villa urbana at Heitersheim * , Sigmaringen * Villa Rustica at Hirschberg * , Sigmaringen * Villa Rustica at Karlsruhe-Durlach * Villa Rustica at Langenau * , Sigmaringen * , Heilbronn * Villa Rustica at Mühlacker * Villa Rustica at
Nagold Nagold is a town in southwestern Germany, bordering the Northern Black Forest. It is located in the ''Landkreis'' (district) of Calw ( Germany/Baden-Württemberg). Nagold is known for its ruined castle, Hohennagold Castle, and for its road viad ...
* * Villa Rustica at Oberndorf-Bochingen * , Rems-Murr-Kreis * , Heilbronn * , Rhein-Neckar-Kreis * , Tuttlingen * , Heilbronn * Villa Rustica Bietigheim- Weilerlen at
Bietigheim-Bissingen Bietigheim-Bissingen (locally: ''Biedge-Bissenge'') is the second-largest town in the district of Ludwigsburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany with 42,515 inhabitants in 2007. It is situated on the river Enz and the river Metter, close to its confl ...
, Ludwigsburg Bavaria * * , Stadt München * * Villa Rustica at Großberghofen, Dachau * , Donau-Ries * Villa Rustica at Hüssingen * Villa Rustica Kohlhunden, Ostallgäu * , Stadt Starnberg * ( Naturpark Altmühltal) * Villa Rustica (Nassenfels), Eichstätt * , Freising * * , Ingolstadt * Villa Rustica (Peiting), Weilheim-Schongau * * , Oberallgäu Hesse * Groß-Umstadt-Heubach, * , Odenwald * Rodau, Zwingenberg, "Kleine Weide" Northrhine-Westphalia * * Villae Rusticae at
Eschweiler Eschweiler (, Ripuarian: ) is a municipality in the district of Aachen in North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany on the river Inde, near the German-Belgian-Dutch border, and about east of Aachen and west of Cologne. History * Celts (fi ...
, Aachen * , Eschweiler, Aachen * Villae Rusticae near Hambach surface mine, Düren * at Sollig, Nettersheim-Roderath, Euskirchen Rheinland-Palatine * , Bad Dürkheim-Ungstein * , Bad Kreuznach * * , Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm * , Fließem, Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm * Villa Rustica at Sarresdorf (Gerolstein) *, Mainz-Bingen * Villa Rustica at Herschweiler-Pettersheim, Kusel * * * (Mosel), Trier-Saarburg * * , Mainz-Bingen * , Trier-Saarburg Saarland *
Roman Villa Borg The Roman Villa Borg is a reconstructed Roman '' villa rustica'' located near the villages of Borg and Oberleuken in the municipality of Perl in Saarland, Germany. Discovered at the end of the 19th century, the site was excavated in the late 198 ...
* Reinheim * Roman villa at
Nennig Nennig is a village in the Saarland, Germany, part of the municipality of Perl. It is situated on the river Moselle, opposite Remich, Luxembourg. Overview Nennig is known for a Roman villa containing well-preserved mosaics that were excavated in ...


Serbia

* Village Gornja Bukovica.Valjevo, villa rustica IV century A.D.


Switzerland

Aargau * * * * Basel-Landschaft * * Genf * Jura * Solothurn * * Waadt * Zürich *
Irgenhausen Castrum Irgenhausen Castrum is a Roman fort at Irgenhausen, situated on Pfäffikersee lake shore in Switzerland. It was a square fort, measuring in square, with four corner towers and three additional towers. The remains of a stone wall in the interio ...
(built on the remains of a former villa rustica) * Villa in
Wetzikon Wetzikon is a small town in the Zurich Highlands (Zürcher Oberland) area of Switzerland, in the district of Hinwil in the canton of Zürich. Geography The municipality Wetzikon has an area of . Of this area, 42.4% is used for agricultural p ...
- Kempten * * * *


References


External links


Villa Rustica
- open-air museum at
Hechingen Hechingen ( Swabian: ''Hächenga'') is a town in central Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated about south of the state capital of Stuttgart and north of Lake Constance and the Swiss border. Geography The town lies at the foot of the ...
(Germany) {{Authority control Architectural history