Vietnamese Braille is the
braille
Braille (Pronounced: ) is a tactile writing system used by people who are visually impaired, including people who are Blindness, blind, Deafblindness, deafblind or who have low vision. It can be read either on Paper embossing, embossed paper ...
alphabet used for the
Vietnamese language
Vietnamese ( vi, tiếng Việt, links=no) is an Austroasiatic languages, Austroasiatic language originating from Vietnam where it is the national language, national and official language. Vietnamese is spoken natively by over 70 million people, ...
. It is very close to
French Braille
French Braille is the original braille alphabet, and the basis of all others. The alphabetic order of French has become the basis of the international braille convention, used by most braille alphabets around the world. However, only the 25 basic ...
(and thus to a lesser degree to
English Braille
English Braille, also known as ''Grade 2 Braille'', is the braille alphabet used for English. It consists of around 250 letters ( phonograms), numerals, punctuation, formatting marks, contractions, and abbreviations (logograms). Some English Bra ...
), but with the addition of tone letters. Vietnamese Braille is known in Vietnamese as ''chữ nổi'', literally "raised letters", while electronic braille displays are called ''màn hình chữ nổi''.
Alphabet
Apart from ''đ'' and ''d'' (for French Braille ''d'' and ''z'')
[Vietnamese Braille ''đ'' is written and pronounced as French Braille ''d'', Vietnamese Braille ''d'' as French Braille ''z''. Print ''z'' does not occur in Vietnamese, but if it needs to be transcribed, it is written in Vietnamese Braille (Unesco 2013).] and the addition of five tone letters, the Vietnamese Braille alphabet is nearly identical to
French Braille
French Braille is the original braille alphabet, and the basis of all others. The alphabetic order of French has become the basis of the international braille convention, used by most braille alphabets around the world. However, only the 25 basic ...
: the only other difference is the substitution of Vietnamese ''ư ơ'' for French ''ü œ'', and the dropping of those letters which are not needed in Vietnamese. However, because of the tone letters, the design is different: Vietnamese Braille has separate letters for vowels and tones, so the French Braille letters for ''é à è ù'' are not used; they are written instead as tone ◌́ or ◌̀ plus the vowels ''a e u''.
* One braille letter is used for each Latin letter.
* Tone letters (transcribing the diacritics ◌̉ ◌́ ◌̀ ◌̃ ◌̣) are written immediately before the vowel.
For example,
Punctuation
See also
*
Vietnamese sign languages
The three deaf-community sign languages indigenous to Vietnam are found in Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi, and Haiphong. The HCMC and Hanoi languages especially have been influenced by the French Sign Language (LSQ) once taught in schools, and have abso ...
Notes
{{Braille
Vietnamese Braille
Vietnamese Braille is the braille alphabet used for the Vietnamese language. It is very close to French Braille (and thus to a lesser degree to English Braille), but with the addition of tone letters. Vietnamese Braille is known in Vietnamese as ' ...