Vibora Luviminda
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The Vibora Luviminda, a secretive organization focused largely on
Filipino Filipino may refer to: * Something from or related to the Philippines ** Filipino language, standardized variety of 'Tagalog', the national language and one of the official languages of the Philippines. ** Filipinos, people who are citizens of th ...
labor issues, was founded in 1924 on the island of Maui by Manuel Fagel.Beechert 1985, p. 226-227. The Vibora Luviminda conducted the last labor strike of an ethnic nature in the Hawaiian Islands against four Maui sugar plantations in 1937, demanding higher wages and dismissal of five foremen. Manuel Fagel and nine other strike leaders were arrested, charged with kidnapping a worker. Fagel spent four months in jail while the strike continued. Eventually, Vibora Luviminda made its point and the workers won a 15% increase in wages after 85 days on strike, but there was no written contract signed. The years of the 1930s were the years of a world wide economic depression. Unemployment was estimated at up to 25 million in the
United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territori ...
. The depression brought with it widespread hunger and breadlines.
Hawaii Hawaii ( ; haw, Hawaii or ) is a state in the Western United States, located in the Pacific Ocean about from the U.S. mainland. It is the only U.S. state outside North America, the only state that is an archipelago, and the only state ...
too was affected and for a while labor union organization appeared to come to a standstill. The loosely organized Vibora Luviminda withered away. The era of workers divided by ethnic groups in Hawaii was thus ended forever.


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* * Secret societies in the United States Territory of Hawaii Trade unions established in 1924 Defunct trade unions in the United States {{US-trade-union-stub