Vehicle registration plates of Argentina

Argentine license plates (in Spanish, ''chapas patentes'' or simply ''patentes'') are used to uniquely identify motor vehicles on the roads of Argentina. The current system employs three letters followed by three digits, issued consecutively, but the license plate system underwent significant changes before the use of this format.

The history of license plates in Argentina can be broken down in two major phases, the decentralized phase (until 1972) and the centralized one (since 1972). During the decentralized phase, license plates were assigned by each municipality or by the provinces, while during the second phase, the national state took charge of standardizing and centralizing the design and style.

Early 1900s-1972: Decentralization

The first formal patents were issued in the early 1900s, although few records of them exist. The period between 1916 and 1969 was the most prolific in designs. Each district was allowed to issue its own license plates.

1964-1994: Identifying the provinces

In 1958, under Decree Law 6582, the National Registry of Automotive Property (RNPA) was created. It is a body dependent on the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights, whose mission is to regulate everything related to the registration of ownership of motor vehicles, subsequent procedures and pledge credits. Its first objective was to unify, regulate and standardize the different identifications or automotive patents, a task carried out until then by each municipality in the country autonomously.

The format of the first license plates created by the RNPA, issued from June 1, 1964, consisted of a letter and six numerical digits printed in white in relief on a black background, and all its content was framed by a thin white painted box also in relief. The letter identified the province or district where the automobile was located, while the numbers were generated consecutively, although zoned according to the corresponding registry. These first patents used a somewhat small typeface that made it difficult to read them at a certain distance, especially when faced with police requirements. Due to this inconvenience, in the mid-1970s a new format of larger patent plate began to be issued, where the characters were larger and in which the white box was also eliminated, as can be seen in the photograph on the right. Although this considerably changed and improved the appearance of the patent plates themselves, it did not modify the patent system at all and kept the same numerical sequence. This change was observed more quickly in the Federal Capital and some districts of Greater Buenos Aires, although the vast majority of sectional registries began to issue the new plates between the end of 1970 and the beginning of 1971.

However, between 1972 and 1973 many vehicles with the old format were also patented and re-patented, but they were issued by those sections with little registration activity that took much longer to exhaust the number series (from 200 to 500 numbers) assigned to them by the RNPA during 1970. The vast majority were small towns in the interior of the provinces or far from the big cities; this was gradually regularized when each registry mentioned began to issue a new assigned number series, already with the patent plates in the definitive format.

Patenting

Once the RNPA was created, the main objective of the new state body was to integrate the entire country under the same vehicle patenting system, but this task would require a large logistics organization, unprecedented until then, which had to be carefully planned to be carried out in different stages, which were the following:

* On Monday, June 1, 1964, the Federal Capital was the first district in the country designated to begin with the new patenting, being the only one to do so throughout the rest of that year, as the first step for the gradual and programmed insertion of the new automotive patenting system.
* The second step of the plan began in 1965 in the province of Buenos Aires, but for organizational reasons it was decided that the new patenting would be carried out initially in 17 districts of the Buenos Aires suburbs at that time (General Sarmiento was not included). nor Esteban Echeverría).
* Two years later, in July 1967, Mendoza, Neuquén and Salta were the next provinces that began to patent the new system.
* Between September and December 1969, the starting point for the new patenting was designated in the rest of the municipalities of the province of Buenos Aires, that is, those districts that made up the interior of the province. General Sarmiento and Esteban Echeverría also joined, since they were not included in Greater Buenos Aires in 1965.
* Finally, between 1968 and 1969 the rest of the provinces were incorporated.

This patenting scheme was valid until December 31, 1994, except for the province of Mendoza, which began with the current system of alphanumeric patents on December 1, 1994.

Repatents

However, the arduous task of repatenting the entire vehicle fleet that had not yet been incorporated, that is, those vehicles that did not manage to register from zero kilometers to the new system, still remained to be carried out. Mendoza, Neuquén and Salta were the first districts to start with mandatory repatenting as of January 2, 1968. Little more than two years later, in February 1970, when the rest of the provinces whose registries were already prepared and organized for issue the new patent plates, the mandatory re-registration of the rest of the vehicle fleet began. The repatents were programmed to reregister the entire remaining vehicle fleet from the newest to the oldest units, in that order. Each repatented year was set at a maximum period of 3 months, with the year 1973 as the limit to complete the entire process. However, a good number of vehicles received their new patent in later years, leaving very few cases of those that never did and the vast majority were abandoned units or that ended their existence as scrap.

The following list details chronologically how this stage was executed:

* Since 01/02/1968: registration of patented units prior to 1967 in the provinces of Mendoza, Neuquén and Salta.
* From 01/02/1970: re-registration of patented units prior to June 1, 1964 in the Federal Capital.
* Since 01/02/1970: re-registration of patented units prior to 1965 in Greater Buenos Aires (17 parties).
* Since 01/02/1970: re-registration of patented units prior to 1969 or 1970 (depending on the district) in the rest of the province of Buenos Aires (104 districts).
* From 01/02/1970: re-registration of patented units prior to 1968 or 1969 (depending on the province) in the rest of the country.

There were no special numbers or series to identify the repatented units, contrary to what happens today, since they were shared at the same time with the new units. This explained the non-relationship of the model of a much older automobile with respect to the year of issuance of its new patent. To cite just one example: in 1972 it was very common to find the license plate number of a zero kilometer Ford Falcon that was close to, followed by or before the license plate number of a 1947 Chevrolet, among thousands and thousands of other cases.

1972-1994: Identifying the provinces

In 1972 the national government standardized the plates, the format being one letter and six digits, with embossed characters painted white against a black background. The letter identified the issuing province (or city, in the case of Buenos Aires), with the numbers issued consecutively in each jurisdiction. The letter usually was the first letter of the province's name, but for multiple provinces beginning with the same letters, some provinces were issued other letters (such as ''X'' for Córdoba, ''P'' for Formosa, ''A'' for Salta, ''Q'' for Neuquen and ''N'' for Misiones); this standard is still used in the ISO 3166-2:AR geocode.

The only two districts to ever surpass one million plates, thus generating a conflict in formatting, were the province of Buenos Aires and the capital, the city of Buenos Aires. The issue was resolved by halving the height of the letter and adding another number below it.

Passing the million

The only two districts to exceed one million license plates issued were the province of Buenos Aires (in 1973 it exceeded one million and in 1984 two million) and the Federal Capital (in 1980 it reached one million). As the original format contemplated only six digits, a conflict was unexpectedly generated by incorporating another new digit using the same plate format and its typography, but the issue was quickly resolved by moving the province identification letter a little upwards and adding a number extra below it representing just the unit of a million.

1995-2016: A national standard

In 1994 the government decreed that all vehicles sold on or after January 1, 1995 were to have a new license plate design, used vehicles would get new plates upon re-sale after that date, and all other vehicles would be issued with new plates in stages.

The new design consists of three letters followed by three digits, and removes any clues identifying the vehicle's province of origin. This was advertised as a federalist move from the government.

In a move to simplify the transition, all plates issued to vehicles sold prior to the cut-off date started with the letter ''R'' (and successively ''S'', ''T'', ''U'', ''V'', ''W'', and part of the ''X'' series), while vehicles being registered for the first time received plates in a series starting alphabetically with ''AAA 000''. The lettering is impressed in white on a black background. The plates also have a white frame with the word ''Argentina'' at the top, screened in light blue. All materials are reflective, to improve visibility on the road. Some plates feature a small "D" or "T" between the letters and the numbers, denoting that this plate is a duplicate or triplicate when the previous plate or plates had been damaged, lost or stolen.

In some provinces, unofficial stickers, with the province name printed in the same type and size of the word "Argentina", were issued and sold to be added to the bottom edge of the plate, as a way to identify the province (as in the old plate pattern). This system, however, did not become popular and was rarely used.

Limits of the system

The 3-letter-plus-3-digit code allows for 26³ × 10³ = 17,576,000 license plates. ''RAA-000'' to ''ZZZ-999'' were reserved for older vehicles. Since 1995, new licenses have been issued starting from ''AAA-000''. In July 2005, new cars have licenses starting with ''F'', while about the same month in 2004, license plates started with ''E''. An efficient solution would be to add a fourth letter, which will increase the system's capacity by a factor of 26, to 456,976,000 vehicles (a fourth number would only increase it tenfold to 175,760,000 licenses). In August 2008, new cars had plates starting with ''HK''. , the series has reached the mid ''I'' series. In January 2015 the series had reached already the ''O'' series.

Evolution of lettering (starts January 1, 1995)
*Jan 1st, 1995 - AA-
*Jan 1st, 1996 - AP-
*Jan 1st, 1997 - BD-
*Jan 1st, 1998 - BV-
*Jan 1st, 1999 - CO-
*Jan 1st, 2000 - DC-
*Jan 1st, 2001 - DQ-
*Jan 1st, 2002 - DX-
*Jan 1st, 2003 - EC-
*Jan 1st, 2004 - EH-
*Jan 1st, 2005 - ET-
*Jan 1st, 2006 - FI-
*Jan 1st, 2007 - GA-
*Jan 1st, 2008 - GV-
*Jan 1st, 2009 - HU-
*Jan 1st, 2010 - IN-
*Jan 1st, 2011 - JN-
*Jan 1st, 2012 - KU-
*Jan 1st, 2013 - LZ-
*Jan 1st, 2014 - NM-
*Jan 1st, 2015 - ON-
*Jan 1st, 2016 - PM-

According to first letter start:
*A - JAN 1995
*B - OCT 1996
*C - MAR 1998
*D - NOV 1999
*E - MAY 2002
*F - JUN 2005
*G - DEC 2006
*H - FEB 2008
*I - APR 2009
*J - JUL 2010
*K - MAY 2011
*L - FEB 2012
*M - JAN 2013
*N - AUG 2013
*O - JUL 2014
*P - JUL 2015

From 2016: Mercosur standard

In October 2014 the design of the new license plate to be used by all Mercosur countries was officially presented. It consists of a plate of , with a white background, the characters and frame in black and a blue band at the top that shows the name of the country, its flag and the Mercosur logo. The typeface used is FE-Schrift. In Argentina, the serial format is ''AA 000 AA'', allowing a total of 450 million combinations.
The system started with AA 000 AA, AA 000 AB ... AA 000 AZ, AA 000 BA... AA 000 ZZ, AA 001 AA...
By January 2017, there were plates with license numbers as high as AA 950 AA. It is expected the AB series to start in February 2017. Series AC started in December 2017, while AD started in November 2018. As of April 2019, the highest number is AD530.

Other types

Approximate evolution of current patenting year by year

''Note: relative data, since the combinations may vary according to the sectional registry that issued them and therefore the third letter of each combination is not included, since they do not all coincide on the same dates.''

Approximate start dates of each main letter

''Note: relative data, given that the combinations may vary according to the sectional registry that issued them and therefore they do not all coincide on the same dates.''

Sources

clarin.com - Las claves de las nuevas patentes para vehículos del Mercosur

dnrpa.gov.ar - Patente Unica del Mercosur

External links

como saber el año de un auto por la patente argentina

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